scholarly journals Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Smile Attractiveness as perceived by Common People, General Dentists and Orthodontists

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Karan Nehra
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
General Dentist

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the influence of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness as perceived by common people, general dentists and orthodontists. Materials and methods The photographic records of 114 patients were screened and 72 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. The pretreatment and posttreatment smile photographs were rated on a 10-point scale by panels of common people, general dentists and orthodontists. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test. Results The mean esthetic scores for pretreatment images as evaluated by the three panels; orthodontists, general dentists and common people were 3.26, 3.20 and 3.31 respectively. The difference in esthetic scores between these three groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). For post-treatment images, the mean esthetic scores by the three panels; orthodontists, general dentist and common people were 6.45, 6.50 and 7.32 respectively. Esthetic scores between these three groups differed significantly (p < 0.05) with common people displaying significantly higher score than orthodontists and general dentists, however no difference was seen between orthodontists and general dentists. It was also seen that the percentage change in mean esthetic scores from pre- to posttreatment smile was significantly higher for common people as compared to orthodontist (p < 0.05) and no difference was seen between orthodontists and general dentists or common people and general dentists respectively. Conclusion Though there is no difference in perception of smile esthetics between common people, general dentists and orthodontists, the influence of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness is appreciated differently by the common people as compared to general dentists and orthodontists. How to cite this article Kumar P, Patil C, Nehra K, Sharma M. Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Smile Attractiveness as perceived by Common People, General Dentists and Orthodontists. World J Dent 2016;7(1):18-22.

scholarly journals Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sercan Akyalcin ◽  
Leslie K. Frels ◽  
Jeryl D. English ◽  
Stephen Laman
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Deviation Range ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in patients who were considered to be successfully treated upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Material and Methods: A total of 462 patients were examined. Ninety subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members, including orthodontists, general dentists, and parents of orthodontic patients, using a numeric version of the visual analog scale. Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± standard deviation range: unattractive (n  =  21), average (n  =  47), and attractive (n  =  22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Results: A significant difference was found between the three groups for the comparison of smile arc relationship (P &lt; .001). When all the variables used in this study were entered in the regression analysis, a positive association was found (r  =  0.658; r2  =  0.434; P &lt; .001). Additionally, two models were defined using stepwise regression. The first model included the smile arc (r  =  0.478; r2  =  0.228; P &lt; .001), and the second model had both the smile arc and right gingival display/visible dentition display ratio (r  =  0.567; r2  =  0.321; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: A harmonious smile arc relationship and less gingival display during a smile are significantly associated with smile attractiveness in patients considered successfully treated according to ABO standards.

scholarly journals Effect of Buccal Corridors Width on Smile Quality and Esthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Hina Siddiqui ◽  
◽  
Sadia Rizwan ◽  
Syed Shah Faisal ◽  
Syed Sheeraz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Buccal Corridor ◽  
General Dentist

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception of buccal corridor width on smile esthetics by Orthodontic residents, General dentists and Laypersons. METHODOLOGY: A smile photograph was taken of an adult female. The image was modified to obtain five different buccal corridor widths and were assessed by different evaluators grouped into general dentist, orthodontic resident and laypersons who rated the attractiveness of each smile by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Sample size was 97 participants to rate the picture. Non-probability purposive sampling was done The data was analyzed and mean and SD were calculated for the scores of rating. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was applied to compare the different ratings of buccal corridors in three groups. The data of this cross sectional study was collected from general population belonging to different communities, general dentists and orthodontic residents of different dental colleges of Karachi, Pakistan from August 2019 to March 2020. RESULTS: There were 97 participants who responded to the images. Highest scores were obtained for Image 1 having buccal corridor width ratio of 16% followed by image no. 3 having buccal corridor width ratio of 10% and lowest scores were obtained for Image no. 6 having least buccal corridor widths ratio that is 34% followed by image no 5 having 26% buccal corridor widths. Among the groups of participants, the highest scores were given by laypersons for all images. Significant differences were observed between evaluation of groups of Orthodontic resident and layperson in most images. CONCLUSION: There was a remarkable influence of buccal corridor width on smile esthetics, with the 16% ratio group being rated as the most attractive by all three groups. KEYWORDS: Buccal corridors, Smile, esthetics, Attractiveness

Between High Culture and Low Culture; and also The Difference Between Popular Culture and Folk Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kunal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Common People ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Culture

High culture is a collection of ideologies, beliefs, thoughts, trends, practices and works-- intellectual or creative-- that is intended for refined, cultured and educated elite people. Low culture is the culture of the common people and the mass. Popular culture is something that is always, most importantly, related to everyday average people and their experiences of the world; it is urban, changing and consumeristic in nature. Folk culture is the culture of preindustrial (premarket, precommodity) communities.

scholarly journals Sperm metabolism is altered during storage by female insects: evidence from two-photon autofluorescence lifetime measurements in bedbugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (110) ◽  
pp. 20150609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Reinhardt ◽  
Hans Georg Breunig ◽  
Aisada Uchugonova ◽  
Karsten König
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Genotype

We explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. The autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius , was consistent with the presence of flavins and NAD(P)H. The mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τ m = 1.54–1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm storage organ (tau m, τ m = 1.26–2.00 ns). The fluorescence lifetime histograms revealed four peaks. These peaks (0.18, 0.92, 2.50 and 3.80 ns) suggest the presence of NAD(P)H and flavins and show that sperm metabolism can be characterized using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The difference in fluorescence lifetime variation between the sexes is consistent with the notion that female animals alter the metabolism of sperm cells during storage. It is not consistent, however, with the idea that sperm metabolism represents a sexually selected character that provides females with information about the male genotype.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Knowledge among General Dentists and Non-orthodontic Specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Asal Acharya ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists

Introduction: General dentists and specialists other than orthodontist may encounter patient requiring orthodontic treatment. For proper counseling and referral, it is important that general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists have adequate level of orthodontic knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of orthodontic treatment among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists and to compare the knowledge between the two groups. Materials & Method: A descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaire was performed among 185 actively practicing general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists of Nepal. The questionnaire comprised of three parts. The first part included demographic details, second part contained 5 multiple choice questions regarding orthodontic counseling and third part integrated 18 questions for evaluating knowledge of orthodontic treatment. Each correct answer was given score 1 and every incorrect answer was scored zero in the third part of the questionnaire. Result: Among total participants, 60.5% think first orthodontic evaluation of a child should be carried out within 7 to 8 years of age and 44.3% think orthodontic treatment can even be started after 40 years of age. Around 66% of the participants think that orthodontic treatment cannot be performed in periodontally compromised cases. No significant difference was found between the mean scores of knowledge among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists (p=0.891), or among dentists with different years of experience (p=0.644). Conclusion: There is a need for more education of orthodontic treatment concepts to the dentists who do not belong to orthodontic field for proper counseling and referral.

scholarly journals Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: A retrospective longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma González-Gil de Bernabé ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo ◽  
Jose Luis Gandía-Franco ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine medium- to long-term orthodontic treatment stability and its possible association with certain variables.Materials and Methods: In a retrospective longitudinal study of 70 postretention patients, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T1) and end (T2) of treatment and between 4 and 10 years afterwards (T3). The stability was considered absolute when the T2 and T3 values were identical and relative when the difference was within the ±5 range.Results: Among the 70 patients, 65.8% were female and 34.2% were male. Their mean age was 14.5 years. The mean treatment length was 2.4 years. The mean retention phase was 3.3 years. The mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores were 29.8 (T1) and 6.3 (T2). The mean T1–T2 difference was 23.6. The mean T2–T3 difference was −0.39.Conclusions: Within the study, 7.1% presented absolute stability and 68.6% presented relative stability. Lower anterior segment alignment and overbite were the most unstable occlusal features and tended to worsen. Fixed retainer (odds ratio [OR] 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.98) as a protective factor and years without retention (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.68) as a risk factor are predictor variables of instability in the case of lower anterior segment alignment. The PAR value at the end of treatment (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08–1.54) and extractions (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.05–21.6) before treatment are predictors for midline instability.

scholarly journals A genetic method for dating ancient genomes provides a direct estimate of human generation interval in the last 45,000 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (20) ◽  
pp. 5652-5657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Moorjani ◽  
Sriram Sankararaman ◽  
Qiaomei Fu ◽  
Molly Przeworski ◽  
Nick Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Direct Estimate ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Neanderthal Admixture ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Estimates

The study of human evolution has been revolutionized by inferences from ancient DNA analyses. Key to these studies is the reliable estimation of the age of ancient specimens. High-resolution age estimates can often be obtained using radiocarbon dating, and, while precise and powerful, this method has some biases, making it of interest to directly use genetic data to infer a date for samples that have been sequenced. Here, we report a genetic method that uses the recombination clock. The idea is that an ancient genome has evolved less than the genomes of present-day individuals and thus has experienced fewer recombination events since the common ancestor. To implement this idea, we take advantage of the insight that all non-Africans have a common heritage of Neanderthal gene flow into their ancestors. Thus, we can estimate the date since Neanderthal admixture for present-day and ancient samples simultaneously and use the difference as a direct estimate of the ancient specimen’s age. We apply our method to date five Upper Paleolithic Eurasian genomes with radiocarbon dates between 12,000 and 45,000 y ago and show an excellent correlation of the genetic and 14C dates. By considering the slope of the correlation between the genetic dates, which are in units of generations, and the 14C dates, which are in units of years, we infer that the mean generation interval in humans over this period has been 26–30 y. Extensions of this methodology that use older shared events may be applicable for dating beyond the radiocarbon frontier.

scholarly journals Do various degrees of tooth decalcification affect orthodontists', general dentists' and laypersons' ratings of smile esthetics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Iyad Al-Omari ◽  
Zaid Al-Bitar ◽  
Ahmad M. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the effect of various degrees of decalcification after orthodontic treatment (white spot lesions) on orthodontists', general dentists', and laypersons' ratings of smile esthetics. Materials and Methods Eight photographs representing incrementally altered tooth decalcification lesions of maxillary anterior teeth ranging from mild to severe were shown randomly to the study participants. Photographs were rated by a matched sample of orthodontists (N = 42), general dentists (N = 52), and laypeople (N = 58). A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess perceptions of smile esthetics. Results The three groups of raters could distinguish between different decalcification levels. Raters gave more negative scores as the decalcification level increased. Conclusions The three groups of raters were able to distinguish between various degrees of decalcification lesions. General dentists were the most critical of all groups when rating decalcification lesions.

scholarly journals The difference of jurists in the development of the Quran Alkarim

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Dr. Naseer kareem Kazem Al Saadi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference

The study of the reasons for the difference of jurists in the development is an attempt to alleviate the tension caused by the difference between them, as well as being the presentation of the culture of opinion and opinion of the other, not every difference between scientists leads to the boycott and quarrel among the common people, is a sincere invitation to show that we disagree with The dispute, we want to clarify that there are natural reasons are called for the difference, such as issues follow the character of the jurist, through the nature of the language that the Koran came down, which led to differences of scholars in the extraction of the Koran

Log Transformation and the Effect on Estimation, Implication, and Interpretation of Mean and Measurement Uncertainty in Microbial Enumeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anli Gao ◽  
Perry Martos
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Bacterial Enumeration ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract Background: Estimation of measurement uncertainty (MU) has been extensively addressed in documents from standard authorities. In microbiology, bacterial counts are log transformed to get a more normal distribution. Unfortunately, the difference between using original and log-transformed data appears to not have been investigated even in publications focusing on MU estimation. Method: Statistical formulae inferencing and estimation of MU using real bacterial enumeration datasets. Results: Both mean and SD calculated from original data carry the same scale and unit as the original data. However, the mean of log-transformed data becomes a geometric mean in log, and the SD becomes the logarithm of a ratio. Furthermore, calculation of RSD obtained by dividing the SD by the mean is meaningless and misleading for log-transformed data. The ratio, the antilog of the SD of log-transformed data, copes with multiplicative and divisive relationships to geometric mean (without log), instead of the arithmetic mean. The ratio can be converted to an analog ratio, which is similar or almost identical to the RSD of the untransformed data, especially when the within-subject variation is small. When MU is estimated from multiple samples with different measurands, the calculated RSD of original data is independent of the mean and can be pooled; however, for log-transformed data, the SD can be combined to estimate the common uncertainty. Conclusions: Calculation and use of RSD of log-transformed data are meaningless and misleading. Procedures outlining the estimation and interpretation of MU from log-transformed data require re-evaluation.

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