scholarly journals Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Gynecology: A Review of Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Amit Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern ◽  
Protein Part

ABSTRACT Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) or Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), is a dimeric protein part of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta subfamily. It plays two important roles in follicle genesis. First, it delays entrance of primordial follicle into pool of follicles in growth and secondly, it decreases the sensitivity of ovarian follicle toward follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The ovary-specific expression pattern in granulosa cells of growing non-selected follicles makes AMH an ideal marker for size of the ovarian follicle pool. This review summarizes recent literature concerning AMH and its role in various gynecological conditions. Methods The literature regarding AMH was searched from various English language journals and published peer-reviewed articles on Pubmed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar till 2014. How to cite this article Kumar N, Singh AK. Role of Antimüllerian Hormone in Gynecology: A Review of Literature. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):51-61.

scholarly journals Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new marker for ovarian function

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny A Visser ◽  
Frank H de Jong ◽  
Joop S E Laven ◽  
Axel P N Themmen
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Differentiation Factors ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor β family of growth and differentiation factors. In the ovary, AMH has an inhibitory effect on primordial follicle recruitment as well as on the responsiveness of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The ovary-specific expression pattern in granulosa cells of growing nonselected follicles makes AMH an ideal marker for the size of the ovarian follicle pool. This review summarizes recent findings concerning AMH and its role as a marker for the quantitative aspect of ovarian reserve as well as ovarian dysfunction.

scholarly journals Characterization of the XTH Gene Family: New Insight to the Roles in Soybean Flooding Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Song ◽  
Babu Valliyodan ◽  
Silvas Prince ◽  
Jinrong Wan ◽  
Henry Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are a class of enzymes involved in the construction and remodeling of cellulose/xyloglucan crosslinks and play an important role in regulating cell wall extensibility. However, little is known about this class of enzymes in soybean. Here, 61 soybean XTH genes (GmXTHs) were identified and classified into three subgroups through comparative phylogenetic analysis. Genome duplication greatly contributed to the expansion of GmXTH genes in soybean. A conserved amino acid motif responsible for the catalytic activity was identified in all GmXTHs. Further expression analysis revealed that most GmXTHs exhibited a distinct organ-specific expression pattern, and the expression level of many GmXTH genes was significantly associated with ethylene and flooding stress. To illustrate a possible role of XTH genes in regulating stress responses, the Arabidopsis AtXTH31 gene was overexpressed in soybean. The generated transgenic plants exhibited improved tolerance to flooding stress, with a higher germination rate and longer roots/hypocotyls during the seedling stage and vegetative growth stages. In summary, our combined bioinformatics and gene expression pattern analyses suggest that GmXTH genes play a role in regulating soybean stress responses. The enhanced soybean flooding tolerance resulting from the expression of an Arabidopsis XTH also supports the role of XTH genes in regulating plant flooding stress responses.

scholarly journals Inhibitor of Differentiation (Id) Genes Are Expressed in the Steroidogenic Cells of the Ovine Ovary and Are Differentially Regulated by Members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Family

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hogg ◽  
Sophie L. Etherington ◽  
Julia M. Young ◽  
Alan S. McNeilly ◽  
W. Colin Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Id Proteins ◽  
Thecal Cells

Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins act during embryogenesis and development to repress gene transcription required for lineage commitment, while promoting cell growth. Growth factors belonging to the TGFβ superfamily of signaling molecules, notably the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activin, can regulate Id expression in these tissues. Id expression and function in adult physiology is less well determined, and we hypothesized a role for Id proteins in the adult mammalian ovary. Immunohistochemistry for Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4 in the sheep ovary revealed consistent expression in granulosa and thecal cells of ovarian follicles throughout development. In atretic follicles, Id proteins were selectively down-regulated in thecal cells (P < 0.0001). Additionally, Id1 was universally up-regulated in the cumulus cells adjacent to the oocyte. Immunohistochemistry for phospho (p)-smad 1/5/8 signaling components (stimulated by BMPs) showed a punctate pattern of expression whereas p-smad 2/3 (stimulated by activin) was ubiquitously expressed in follicles. Neither pathway, however, displayed differential staining in line with Id1 cumulus-specific expression, suggesting a more complex relationship between Id1 expression and TGFβ signaling in these cells. Nevertheless, in vitro, stimulation of ovine granulosa cells with BMP6 or activin A led to a respective increase and decrease in Id1 (P < 0.0001), Id2 (P < 0.0001), Id3 (P < 0.0001), and Id4 (P < 0.05) transcripts, and Id1 gene expression was further manipulated by the oocyte-secreted factors BMP15 and growth differentiation factor 9 (P < 0.001). These data confirm that TGFβ signaling can regulate Id gene expression in the sheep ovarian follicle and suggest a functional role for the Id family in the mammalian ovary.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of rice lectin protein r40g3 determines its dual regulatory role in imparting salinity tolerance while impeding seed development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Salman Sahid ◽  
Riddhi Datta ◽  
Soumitra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Lectin Protein ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

AbstractWhile the role of R40 family of lectin proteins in osmotic stress has long been known, their mechanism of stress tolerance has not yet been explored. Among them, the expression of Osr40g3 was most strongly induced in response to salt stress. Here, we report that Osr40g3 plays a dual role in regulating salinity tolerance as well as seed development in rice. The overexpression of Osr40g3 under control of a constitutive promoter significantly improved salinity tolerance but impaired seed development in transgenic rice. Remarkably, transgenic Arabidopsis ectopically expressing Osr40g3 exhibited enhanced salinity tolerance but produced seeds normally. It was further confirmed that this Osr40g3-mediated impairment in seed development was due to pollen sterility in the transgenic rice while the pistils remained unaffected. The gene further displayed a precise tissue-specific expression pattern which was essential for proper seed development in rice. The constitutive overexpression led to the interaction of Osr40g3 with OsGF14e in the stamens affecting its protein stability. This interaction further interfered with the gibberellic acid metabolism thus leading to pollen sterility. This interaction was, however, highly specific due to the structural distinctiveness of OsGF14e making the phenomenon rice-specific. Nevertheless, in salinity stressed leaves, Osr40g3 interacted with OsEG45 or its ortholog thus leading to salinity tolerance in both rice and Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Human Suffering

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Teodora Duarte Quilao
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Global Databases ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Proquest Dissertation

Abstract Introduction: Suffering is a universal multifaceted phenomenon hard to define and often connected to pain. Suffering is not a homogeneous concept. Instead, suffering is a diffused term that includes innumerable ways of dealing with depression, pain, loss, and adversity. Suffering is described as a response or behavior recognized by introspection or observation of the behavior of the person and his/her environment. Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the role of the advanced nurse practitioners when dealing with the construct of suffering and to present a review of literature related to the human suffering experience. Methods: The CINAHL Complete, PubMed, One Search, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global databases were search using the keywords suffering, experiences, meanings and perceptions of suffering. Search limits included peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from 1980 to 2016. Results: A total of nine qualitative and five quantitative studies were reviewed. Three major themes were identified: the dimensions of suffering (physical, psychological, social, existential and ethical), enduring suffering and measuring human suffering, and perceiving another’s suffering by using reliable and valid instruments.

Teacher and His/Her Role in Teaching English

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Ervin Balla
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Know How ◽  
Ideal Teacher ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Teachers play e key role in the process of teaching. In this article it is tried to focus on some of the most important roles that the teacher of English language plays during the difficult process of teaching. The role of the teacher in class is important. In the class teachers are: leaders of the language, thinkers, administrators, surces experts, vigilants, material furnishers, organizers, performers, estimators, listeners and controllers. At the recent literature is posed the question of the ideal teacher, so what makes a good teacher? According to Medgyes P. All the teachers are extraordinary according to their ways and different from eacher other. According to him the concept of the ideal teacher does not fit to a single concept, because many things have to be taken into consideration. Another image of English teacher is the teacher who is expert of the English language. According to Whitaker the English teacher needs to own the subject and to make the students to follow willingly the subject. He not only should own the subject but he should also know how to explain it.

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