scholarly journals Flexural Strength of E-glass-reinforced PMMA

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merin Mathew ◽  
Kamalakanth Shenoy ◽  
KS Ravishankar
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Background Poly (methyl 2-methylpropenoate) (PMMA) is one of the most widely accepted biomaterials due to its acceptable advantageous but the limitations associated with these materials make them far from being ideal. So, the present study is to achieve desirable flexural strength by reinforcing PMMA with E-glass fiber. Aim Determination of flexural strength of PMMA by varying the weight percentage of glass fiber (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%), and by varying the aspect ratio (3 mm/20 µm, 6 mm/20 µm, 12 mm/20 µm) of glass fiber. Materials and methods Specimens prepared using a standard rectangular mold of 62 mm length, 10 mm breadth and 2.5 mm thickness. A total of 60 samples prepared (6 samples in each group) polymer—monomer ratio 2.4:1 by weight used to prepare samples. Flexural strength is tested using universal testing machine Instron. The microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy performed in order to understand the fiber matrix bonding. Detailed statistical analysis done by one-way ANOVA. Results Highest flexural strength is observed for the PMMA reinforced with 6 mm/20 µm fiber 2.5 wt%. How to cite this article Mathew M, Shenoy K, Ravishankar KS. Flexural Strength of E-glass-reinforced PMMA. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):24-28.

Ceramic Bonding to Biocompatible Titanium Alloys Obtained by Powder Metallurgy

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 605-611
Author(s):  
M.C. Bottino ◽  
D.K. Oyafuso ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Coelho ◽  
Elisa B. Taddei ◽  
Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
One Way Anova

The shear bond strength between a ceramic material (Titankeramik®, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and two biocompatible titanium alloys was investigated. Ti-13%Nb-13%Zr (TNZ) and Ti-35%Nb-7%Zr-5%Ta (TNZT) alloys were obtained based on the blended elemental technique followed by a sequence of cold uniaxial and isostatic pressing and sintering. Characterization involved microstructural analysis (SEM) and crystalline phase identification (XRD). Subsequently, samples were machined to 4 x 4 mm with a base of 5 x 1 mm. The base metals were blasted with Al2O3 particles followed by the application of a coupling agent and opaque ceramic. After ceramic firing, the specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine (0,5mm/min). XRD revealed the presence of α and β-phases for TNZ, and peaks related to β phases and Nb and Ta for the TNZT alloy. SEM evaluation (TNZ) depicted remaining pores and biphasic microstructure formation. SEM micrographs of the TNZT alloy revealed good densification and a homogeneous β structure. Shear bond strength data (MPa) were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, α=.05) revealing that TNZT (37.6 ± 2.91) presented significant higher values (p=0.0002) compared to TNZ (26.03 ± 2.92). In conclusion, it seems that Ti alloy composition plays a significant role on ceramic bonding.

scholarly journals Effect of the Degree of Conversion on Mechanical Properties and Monomer Elution from Self-, Dual- and Light-Cured Core Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5642
Author(s):  
Branislava Petronijevic Sarcev ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Dubravka Markovic ◽  
Ivan Sarcev ◽  
Marija Vukcevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
One Way Anova

The objective of this work was to measure and correlate the degree of conversion (DC), mechanical properties and monomer elution from self-, dual- and light-cured core composites. Five samples of each of the following materials were prepared for each test: Clearfil (Core, Photo Core, Automix), Bisco (Core-Flo, Light-Core and Bis-Core). DC was determined using FTIR, compressive and flexural strength and modulus of elasticity using a universal testing machine and microhardness using Vickers hardness. Elution was measured using HPLC. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to statistically analyze the data. DC of Clearfil-Dual (70.1%) and Clerafil-Photo (66.8%) were higher than Clearfil-Self (55.4%) and all Bisco materials (51.4–55.3%). Flexural strength of Clearfilwas higher than that of Bisco composites. The Microhardness of Clearfil-Dual (119.8VHN) and Clearfil-Photo (118.0VHN) were higher compared to other materials. The greatest elution was detected from self-cured materials. DC positively correlated to microhardness and compressive/flexural strength and negatively to BisGMA elution. Clearfil-Photo and Automix showed higher conversion, lower monomer elution and, generally, better mechanical properties. Self-cured composites should not be recommended for routine clinical use as their performance was inferior to dual- and light-cured composites. Microhardness may be used as an indicator of elution.

scholarly journals Effect of glass fiber non-dental’s length and position on the flexural strength of FRC

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Adella Syvia Maharani ◽  
Widjijono Widjijono ◽  
Endang Wahyuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tension Zone ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Fiber Position ◽  
Composite Samples

Glass fiber non-dental has a similar composition to E-glass fiber dental that commonly used as fiber reinforced composite (FRC) materials in resin bonded prosthesis. Fiber effectiveness can be determined by the length and the position. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glass fiber non dental’s length and position on the flexural strength of FRC in resin bonded prosthesis. This study has been done used 36 FRC samples with beam shaped (15 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm). Fiber reinforced composite  samples were consisted of 9 groups (a combination between length: 4 mm, 6 mm, and 12 mm and position: compression, neutral, tension zone). The flexural strength was tested by universal testing machine and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The result showed that the lowest (compression, 4 mm) and the highest (tension, 12 mm) flexural strength were 104.30 ± 13.90 MPa and 166.18 ± 8.59 MPa. The two-way ANOVA test showed that variation of position, length, and interaction between placement-length had a significant effect on the flexural strength (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study was fiber position on compression zone with 4 mm length had the lowest flexural strength. In addition, fiber position on tension zone with 12 mm length had the highest flexural strength. 

scholarly journals Flexural strength comparison of self-synthesised porcelain with the sintering temperature of 1150 degree Celsius and 1200 degree Celsius

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Joseph Gunawan ◽  
Dede Taufik ◽  
Veni Takarini ◽  
Zulia Hasratiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Strength Formula

Introduction: Porcelain must have sufficient flexural strength to withstand mastication forces. The flexural strength of porcelain can be influenced by the maturity level of porcelain related to the temperature and sintering time. The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength of Indonesian natural sand self-synthesised porcelain with different sintering temperatures. Methods: Self-synthesised porcelain powder, with the composition of 65% Pangaribuan felspar, 25% Belitung silica, 5% Sukabumi kaolin, and 5% potassium salt, were condensed into 10 samples with the size of 7cm x 2cm x 0.4cm. A total of 5 samples were each burned at the temperature of 1150°C and 1200°C. Flexural strength test was performed using the Universal Testing Machine (Netzsch™) with the lowest load of 7.5 kg, and the data obtained was calculated using the bending strength formula. Result: The average flexural strength of self-synthesised porcelain at the sintering temperature of 1150°C was 26.678 MPa, while at the temperature of 1200°C was 39.038 MPa. Conclusion: This study concluded that Indonesian natural sand self-synthesised porcelain had a lower flexural strength at the sintering temperature of 1150°C than at the temperature of 1200°C.Keywords: Flexural strength, self-synthesised porcelain, sintering temperature.

scholarly journals Flexural Properties and Elastic Modulus of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials: Evaluation after Exposure to Acidic Drink

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Scribante ◽  
Marco Bollardi ◽  
Marco Chiesa ◽  
Claudio Poggio ◽  
Marco Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Acidic Beverages

Background. Acidic beverages, such as soft drinks, can produce erosion of resin composites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mechanical properties of different esthetic restorative materials after exposure to acidic drink. Methods. Nine different composites were tested: nanofilled (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE), microfilled hybrid (G-ænial, GC Corporation), nanohybrid Ormocer (Admira Fusion, Voco), microfilled (Gradia Direct, GC Corporation), microfilled hybrid (Essentia, GC Corporation), nanoceramic (Ceram.X Universal, Dentsply De Trey), supranano spherical hybrid (Estelite Asteria, Tokuyama Dental Corporation), flowable microfilled hybrid (Gradia Direct Flo, GC Corporation), and bulk fill flowable (SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply De Trey). Thirty specimens of each esthetic restorative material were divided into 3 subgroups (n=10): specimens of subgroup 1 were used as control, specimens of subgroup 2 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 week, and specimens of subgroup 3 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 month. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured for each material with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results. After distilled water immersion, nanofilled composite showed the highest value of both flexural strength and elastic modulus, but its flexural values decreased after acidic drink immersion. No significant differences were reported between distilled water and acidic drink immersion for all other materials tested both for flexural and for elastic modulus values. Conclusions. Even if nanofilled composite showed highest results, acidic drink immersion significantly reduced flexural values.

The Effect of Thermoforming on Tear Strength of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Mouthguard Material in Various Thicknesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Phakphum Srinuan ◽  
Jeerapatr O. Baiyokvichit ◽  
Rasana Boonpeng ◽  
Tanapol Wongwisatekit ◽  
Pacharaporn Pattanasukwasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermoforming Process ◽  
One Way Anova

The effect of thermoforming on the tear strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material (Bioplast®) has not been widely investigated. The present study compared the tear strengths of non-processed and processed EVA specimens in various thicknesses. Two groups of EVA sheet (non-processed and processed) in three different thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm were used in specimen fabrication. The processed EVA sheets were achieved by forming the EVA sheet on the cylindrical stone model with the pressure-molding device (Biostar®). Twelve of tear strength specimens of non-processed and processed group in each thickness were prepared following the modified ASTM D 624-00 guideline. The tear strength test was conducted using universal testing machine (Lloyd® 1K series) with the speed of 500 mm/min. The mean thickness and tear strength of the non-processed and processed specimens in each thickness were compared using independent T-test. The differences in the mean tear strength for each thickness of non-processed and process specimens were determined using one-way ANOVA. The mean tear strength and mean thickness of processed EVA specimens was significantly lower than the non-processed EVA specimens for every thickness (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean tear strength of EVA specimens among each thickness in both non-processed and processed groups. It can be concluded that the thermoforming process has the significant effect on the tear strength of the EVA mouthguard material formed by pressure molding device in every thicknesses. The tear strength of processed specimens were significant lower than the non-processed. Thus, it is more relevant for testing properties of the processed mouthguard material that the mouthguard material before processing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different in Vitro Testing Methods for Mechanical Properties of Veneer Ceramics/ Евалуација На Тестовите In Vitro За Одредување На Механичките Особини На Порцеланските Маси За Фасетирање

PRILOZI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Mijoska ◽  
Mirjana Popovska
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Biaxial Test ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Dental Ceramic ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Biaxial Tests

Abstract Metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prosthetic restorations in the patient mouth are often damaged by esthetic and functional problems that reduce their success and longevity. Аim: To evaluate methods for testing mechanical characteristics of dental ceramics through analysis of different testing methods. Material and methods: Dental ceramic materials are tested with in vivo and in vitro methods for their most important mechanical characteristics: hardness, toughness, flexural strength and abrasion. In vitro testing methods are faster and more efficient, without subjective factors from the patient according to ISO standards. Testing is done with universal testing machines, like Zwick 1445, Universal Testing Machine (Zwick DmbH & Co.KG, Ulm, Germany), Instron 4302 (Instron Corporation, England), MTS Sintech ReNew 1123 or in oral chewing simulators. Results: According to the testing results, flexure strength is one of the most important characteristic of the dental ceramic to be tested, by the uniaxial and biaxial tests. Uniaxial tests three-point and four-point flexure are not most appropriate because the main stress on the lower side of the tested specimens is tension that causes beginning fractures at the places with superficial flow. Uniaxial results for flexural strength are lower than actual force, while with biaxial test defects and flows on the edges of tested specimens are not directly loaded. Conclusion: Biaxial flexural method has advantages over uniaxial because of real strength results, but also for simple shape and preparing of the testing specimens.

scholarly journals Effects of various liquid-to-powder ratios on the compressive strength of calcium enriched mixture: Original research

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Forough Reyhani ◽  
Sheida Hosseinian Ahangarnezhad ◽  
Negin Ghasemi ◽  
Amin Salem Milani
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cem Cement ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova

Background. Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement has been introduced and marketed as a biomaterial for use in furcal perforation repair and apexogenesis procedures, in which the compressive strength that indicates the material’s resistance against crushing is of utmost importance. This study evaluated the effect of various liquid-to-powder ratios on CEM cement’s compressive strength. Methods. One gram of the cement was mixed with 0.5, 0.34, and 0.25 mL of demineralized water and transferred to stainless steel molds (6 and 4 mm in height and diameter, respectively). Five cells in the mold were considered for each group. The compressive strength test was conducted using the universal testing machine after incubating for seven days under 95% humidity at 37°C. One-way ANOVA was applied for data analysis at P≤0.05 significance level. Results. The mean compressive strength in the liquid-to-powder ratios of 0.5, 0.34, and 0.25 were 3.4456, 3.2960, and 3.3485, respectively, with no significant differences between them. Conclusion. Under this study’s limitations, changing the liquid-to-powder ratio did not affect CEM cement’s compressive strength.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Komposisi Glass Fiber Non Dental dan Penambahan Silane terhadap Kekuatan Geser Fiber Reinforced Composite sebagai Retainer Ortodonsi

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam ◽  
Siti Sunarintyas ◽  
Nuryono Nuryono
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Post Test

Retainer dibutuhkan untuk membantu menstabilkan posisi gigi geligi selama proses reorganisasi jaringan periodontal berlangsung. Retainer FRC ortodonsi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif material estetika serta aman bagi pasien alergi terhadap nikel. E-glass fiber lebih sering digunakan sebagai retainer ortodonsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh komposisi glass fiber non dental dan penambahan silane terhadap kekuatan geser FRC sebagai retainer ortodonsi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 9 kelompok perlakuan dengan 3 jenis glass fiber yang berbeda yaitu glass fiber non dental A (LT, Cina), B (CMAX, Cina) dan C (HJ, Cina). Masing-masing glass fiber diberi perlakuan yang bervariasi yaitu tanpa penambahan silane, penambahan silane 1x dan 2x. Subjek penelitian direndam dalam akuades dan disimpan pada suhu 37ºC selama 24 jam sebelum dilakukan uji kekuatan geser dengan menggunakan alat Universal Testing Machine. Hasil penelitian dianalisis variansi dua jalur dan post hoc Tukey untuk mengetahui perbedaan statistik masing-masing kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa glass fiber non dental A dengan penambahan 2x silane memiliki rerata kekuatan geser tertinggi (12,72±2,02 MPa) sedangkan glass fiber non dental B tanpa penambahan silane memiliki rerata kekuatan geser terendah (6,96±1,69 MPa). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara komposisi fiber maupun penambahan silane terhadap kekuatan geser FRC (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada letak kegagalan FRC (p>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa komposisi SiO2 dan Al2O3 yang tinggi pada glass fiber non dental serta penambahan silane dapat meningkatkan kekuatan geser FRC. The Effect of Non Dental Glass Fiber Composition and Silane Addition on The Shear Bond Strength of Fiber Reinforced Composite as An Orthodontic Retainer. Retainers are required to stabilize the position of the teeth to permit reorganization of periodontal tissue. FRC orthodontic retainer was developed as an alternative material aesthetic and safe for nickel allergic patients. E-glass fiber is commonly used as an orthodontic retainer. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of non dental glass fiber composition and silanes addition on the shear bond strength of the FRC as an orthodontic retainer. This study consisted of 9 treatment groups with three different types of non dental glass fiber, namely non dental glass fiber A (LT, China), B (CMAX, China) and C (HJ, China). Each glass fiber was given a variation treatment, without silanes, one time and two times of silanes addition. All the samples were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours and subsequently tested for shear strength by using Universal Testing Machine.The groups were submitted to two way ANOVA analysis of variance with Tukey post test to verify the statictical difference between groups. The results showed that a non dental glass fiber A with two times of silanes addition has the highest shear bond strength (12,72±2,02 MPa), meanwhile a non dental glass fiber B without silane addition has the lowest shear bond strength (6,96±1,69 MPa). There were significant differences between the composition of glass fiber and the addition of silane toward the shear bond strength of FRC (p<0,05). No significant differences in debonded locations of FRC (p>0,05). Based on the results of this study concluded that the composition of the high SiO2 and Al2O3 in the non dental glass fiber  and the silanes addition can increase the shear bond strength FRC.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Data from Universal Testing Machine

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri ◽  
Siti Atiqa Al Zahra Mat Darus
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Z Score ◽  
P Values ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Difference

The tensile strength and flexural strength are the most important mechanical properties as they provide the value of maximum tensile stress and flexural stress. The objective of this study is to analyze statistically the tensile strength and flexural strength data obtained from a universal testing machine. The tests were conducted upon a thermoplastic, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which was in-house molded by using an injection-molding machine. Three different persons have performed the tensile and flexural tests. Three other laboratories have also been involved in these tests. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values were calculated to express the precision and repeatability of the tests. Later, the standard score (z-score) values were also calculated to aid the comparison of the data. Finally, the single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate statistically significant differences between the means of the tensile strength and flexural strength data of each person and laboratory. From the calculation, the RSD values of all three persons and laboratories were lower than 5%, indicating that the data were consistent. The z-score values of all three persons were within the range from -2 to 2, suggesting that the data were close to average. However, the z-score value for one of three laboratories was not within the range, demonstrating that the data was unusual. The P-values of all three persons were higher than 0.05 (except for flexural strength), implying that the difference between the means of the data was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the P-values of all three laboratories were lower than 0.05, indicating that the difference between the means of the data was statistically significant.

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