scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Calcium Levels in Patients with Epileptic Seizure

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Maheep Sinha ◽  
Shalu Sharma ◽  
Sumit Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Bone Metabolism Markers ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

ABSTRACT Introduction Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by an epileptic seizure. Epileptic seizures occur due to abnormal synchronous activity in the brain. Calcium is an essential component of bone. Hypocalcemia enhances neuronal excitability, and there are many causes of which include hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, and PTH resistance. Materials and methods The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in association with the Department of Neurology of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Fifty patients diagnosed for epileptic seizure and 50 controls, visiting the inpatient department (IPD) and outpatient department (OPD) of Neurology fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. Result The present study showed significantly lower level of serum calcium in patients with epileptic seizure when compared to controls. Conclusion The serum calcium was measured between epileptic seizure and controls. Our present study showed significantly lower value of calcium. It is therefore suggested that there should be regular screening for calcium in patients with epileptic seizure. The serum calcium is biomarker of bone metabolism; so, the correlation can be further studied with some more bone metabolism markers in epileptic seizure patients. How to cite this article Sharma S, Fiza B, Tiwari SK, et al. Evaluation of Serum Calcium Levels in Patients with Epileptic Seizure. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2020;5(2):35–37.

scholarly journals Case series on the on the onset of transient hypo-parathyroidism after thyroidectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3849
Author(s):  
Kannan Rajendran ◽  
S. Saravana Kumar ◽  
Robinson Smile
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Operation ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

Background: Surgery for thyroid disorders is the common operation in general surgery and total thyroidectomy is widely performed both for carcinoma as well as benign bilateral diseases of the thyroid and the most common complication is transient hypocalcaemia. A preliminary study was conducted to assess the risk factors for transient hypocalcaemia in our hospital.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from February 2013 to April 2014 at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry and have included all patients undergone any type of thyroid surgery with a normal pre-operative serum calcium level. After initial clinical assessment, blood samples were drawn for estimation of thyroid function and serum calcium and albumin. Postoperative hypocalcemia was assessed by eliciting Chovstek’s and Troussea’s sign and biochemically estimating serum calcium and albumin at 6,24, and 24 hours intervals and 1st and 3rd months during follow-up. The risk factors involved are also studied like sex, age, type of thyroidectomy, identification of parathyroid, Identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve and their histology.Results: A total of 50 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were included in the study. The hypocalcemia occurred in 28% of patients studied showed that 66.7% of patients developed hypocalcemia at 48-72 hours. There was no statistical significance for the parameters of age or gender, benign and malignant conditions of thyroid. The analysis of type surgery performed showed a significant number of patients developing transient hypocalcaemia after near or total thyroidectomy (p-0.002).Conclusions: The present study, though consisted of a small group of patients has shown that transient hypocalcaemia after near or total thyroidectomy occurs in early post-operative days. Hence, on an average 2-5 days of hospital stay is mandatory. Near total or total thyroidectomy is a risk factor. Early diagnosis and replacement with calcium intra-venous reduce the morbidity and mortality of hypocalcaemia. 

scholarly journals A Hypothesis Regarding how Sleep can Calibrate Neuronal Excitability in the Central Nervous System and thereby Offer Stability, Sensitivity and the Best Possible Cognitive Function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sture Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Function Of Sleep

The function of sleep in mammal and other vertebrates is one of the great mysteries of biology. Many hypotheses have been proposed, but few of these have made even the slightest attempt to explain the essence of sleep - the uncompromising need for reversible unconsciousness. During sleep, epiphenomena - often of a somatic character - occur, but these cannot explain the core function of sleep. One answer could be hidden in the observations made for long periods of time of the function of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is faced with conflicting requirements on stability and excitability. A high level of excitability is desirable, and is also a prerequisite for sensitivity and quick reaction times; however, it can also lead to instability and the risk of feedback, with life-threatening epileptic seizures. Activity-dependent negative feedback in neuronal excitability improves stability in the short term, but not to the degree that is required. A hypothesis is presented here demonstrating how calibration of individual neurons - an activity which occurs only during sleep - can establish the balanced and highest possible excitability while also preserving stability in the CNS. One example of a possible mechanism is the observation of slow oscillations in EEGs made on birds and mammals during slow wave sleep. Calibration to a genetically determined level of excitability could take place in individual neurons during the slow oscillation, so that action potentials are generated during the oscillations “up-phase”. This can only take place offline, which explains the need for sleep. The hypothesis can explain phenomena such as the need for unconsciousness during sleep, with the disconnection of sensory stimuli, slow EEG oscillations, the relationship of sleep and epilepsy, age, the effects of sleep on neuronal firing rate and the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep homeostasis. This is with regard primarily to mammals, including humans, but also all other vertebrates.

Neuronal Excitability in Epileptogenic Zones Regulated by the Wnt/ Β-Catenin Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Elisa Taddei ◽  
Jorge Acosta ◽  
Verónica Custodio ◽  
Carlos Paz
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
System Development ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that involves abnormal and recurrent neuronal discharges, producing epileptic seizures. Recently, it has been proposed that the Wnt signaling pathway is essential for the central nervous system development and function because it modulates important processes such as hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic clefting, and mitochondrial regulation. Wnt/β- catenin signaling regulates changes induced by epileptic seizures, including neuronal death. Several genetic studies associate Wnt/β-catenin signaling with neuronal excitability and epileptic activity. Mutations and chromosomal defects underlying syndromic or inherited epileptic seizures have been identified. However, genetic factors underlying the susceptibility of an individual to develop epileptic seizures have not been fully studied yet. In this review, we describe the genes involved in neuronal excitability in epileptogenic zones dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

scholarly journals A Variant Articular Facet on Left Second Rib

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Simmi Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Constant Component ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Articular Facet ◽  
Systemic Disorder ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

ABSTRACT During routine scanning of bones in the Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India, an unusual second rib belonging to left side was found having an oval facet, almost centrally placed along the inner border of the shaft. In the absence of the corresponding skeleton, it can be hypothesized that the left first rib or an extra rib articulated with the second rib at this facet. Such structural anomalies of ribs are quite rare and need to be documented. If present, they may lead to compression of neurovascular structures crossing the ribs leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. An incidence of 0.3% of synostosis of first and second ribs has been reported in the literature. Search of literature reveals that there are 22 known syndromes in which fused ribs are a constant component. Such a variant second rib as found in the present case could lead to neurovascular compression and a possible indicator of underlying systemic disorder. How to cite this article Mehra S. A Variant Articular Facet on Left Second Rib. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):29-30.

scholarly journals Inpatient satisfaction level survey at a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Shivani Shekhawat ◽  
Swati Garg ◽  
Drishti Jain ◽  
Urvashi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important measure of quality of services in a healthcare organization. Other than the medical care issues, the satisfaction and experience involves personal relationships, attention to pain and health education, and the status of hospital environment. Patient's opinion is an important because dissatisfaction suggests opportunities for improvement of health services in the hospital. This study was done with the aim to assess the satisfaction levels in inpatients of a tertiary care hospital and to compare interdepartmental satisfaction scores in the same hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was done in inpatients of the department of general medicine, general surgery and obstetrics & gynaecology wards of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur for two consecutive days. A total of 150 adult female patients were included in the study. Structured questionnaire was developed from previously used survey tools, and validated in present patients group, and patient satisfaction was checked.Results: The demographic data of patients showed that majority of respondents were belonged to age group 20-30 years (50.7%) followed by less than 20 years (20%), more than 40 years (15.3%) and 30-40 years (12%). About 29.33% respondents were uneducated followed by primary level (25.33%), senior secondary level (24%) and graduation (21.33%). 90% respondents belonged to Hindu religion. 36.6% of the respondents were either technicians or doing a clerical job. Almost equal numbers (33.3%) were unemployed and 30% belonged to the labour class. Only 15 patients (10%) were either professionals or on managerial posts.Conclusions: This study highlighted overall patient satisfaction was good regarding the quality of health care services of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. Areas where patient satisfaction was found to be lowest were patience shown by the nursing staff while communicating with patients and hospital ambiance in terms of peacefulness, both of these are important aspects of health care and there is imperative need to address these problems effectively and urgently in order to improve quality of care.

scholarly journals Sirenomelia with Potter's facies - a case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
Siva Sree Ranga MK ◽  
Arun Kumar S Bilodi ◽  
Rijied Thompson Swer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Epicanthal Fold ◽  
Anal Orifice ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Research Institute

AbstractA specimen of Sirenomelia from the department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry is presented here. This specimen was examined in detail and X-Ray was taken. On examination, the specimen showed i) Fused lower limb like a stump, ii) Undifferentiated genital organs, iii) Widely spaced nipples, iv) Receded chin and webbed neck, v) Low set large ears, vi) Epicanthal fold, vii) Flattened nose, viii) Absence of anal orifice. Fused lower limbs with associated undifferentiated genital organs and absence of anal orifice was found interesting to study and reported here as a case. The presence of Fused lower limb like a stump is suggestive of Sirenomelia and presence of i) Widely spaced nipples ii) Receded chin and webbed neck, iii) Low set large ears, v) Epicanthal fold, vi) Flattened nose is suggestive of Potter's Facies. It is presented here due to rarity of occurrence of such anomaly.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN [6-18 YEARS] IN RAJASTHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Chahar ◽  
Sunita Saharan ◽  
M.K. Kakkar ◽  
O. P. Chahar
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Watching Tv

Background: To study the risk factor of obesity and overweight among school children in Rajasthan Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with department of Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, RIICO Industrial Area, Sitapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan) from January 2018 to June 2019. Results: Out of total 70 overweight and obese candidates, 28 (40 %) candidates watched TV less than 1 hours while remaining 42 (60 %) watched TV more than 2 hours. Statistical significance was found between BMI and hours of watching TV (p = 0.001).According to outdoor activity 52 (74.3%) candidates have outdoor activity less than 1 hour while remaining 18 (25.7%) spent more than 1 hours for outdoor activity. Prevalence of overweight and obese was more in urban school in comparison to rural school because of less outdoor activity and intake of frequent fast food and prolonged TV watching. Conclusions:  Duration of physical activity, consumption of fast food and watching TV had a significant association with BMI. Keywords: Childhood obesity, overweight, school children

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