Formation and structure of sulfide deposits on carbon steel under free corrosion potential

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3831 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Al-Qahtani ◽  
Jiahui Qi ◽  
Aboubakr M. Abdullah ◽  
Nick Laycock ◽  
Mary Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Free Corrosion Potential ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Formation Conditions

The corrosion of alloy materials in the H₂S nature has considerably limited the growth of oilfield manufacturing. Those sour corrosion has frequently been paid attention to Iron, and steel corrosion under the H2S scheme have been investigated. Many parameters are affecting the corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in the H₂S natural environment, including a concentration of H2S, pH, and the temperature, which has significant impacts on the electrochemical responses of the bare metal surface, the formation, and the nature of the created sulfide scale. The latter could be either protection or non-protecting, depending on the formation conditions. This work presents a full experimental investigation for the initial corrosion events of iron/steel at the free corrosion potential for different periods of time in H2S saturated solutions of different temperatures where H₂S/N₂ gas was purged into the solutions. The structure, morphology, composition, depth, and ion- concentration of the sulfide film that is established on the pipeline CS (mild carbon steel) in an acidic sour solution was examined using different bulk and surface techniques, e.g., an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopic.

scholarly journals New Aromatic Azo-Schiff as Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibitor in 1 M H2SO4

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2471-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Edan Salman ◽  
Asim A. Balakit ◽  
Ali Ahmed Abdulridha
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency

A new aromatic Schiff base with azo linkage (AS) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The new compound (AS) has been evaluated as carbon steel corrosion inhibitor at different concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mM) and different temperatures (303 – 333 K). The corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurements. The effects of concentration and temperature on the inhibition efficiency were studied by potentiodynamic polarization studies, the results showed that increasing concentration of AS increases the inhibition efficiency while increasing the temperature decreases it, the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency, 93.9% was recorded with 0.08 mM of AS at 313 K in 1 M H2SO4. Weight loss measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency reached 97.1% in the presence of AS (0.08 mM) at 313 K. The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to confirm the results.

scholarly journals Inhibitive effect of N,N'-Dimethylaminoethanol on carbon steel corrosion in neutral sodium chloride solution, at different temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassoune ◽  
Abdelillah Bezzar ◽  
Latéfa Sail ◽  
Fouad Ghomari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Neutral Sodium

Banana Trunk as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Subsea Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzura Ismail ◽  
Anis Nazihah Mat Nawi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
Green Inhibitor ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Predetermined Time

Corrosion is a serious problem in every industry and can cause losses in production leading to large financial losses. International legisation body has drawn offshore chemical into several categoris based on biodegradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Otherwise, the inhibitor is not accept to be used as they are harmful to environment. Therefore, most industries are looking for green inhibitor for An electrochemical test has been carried out to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steel. This research aimed to investigate the potential corrosion of carbon steel in seven different immersion periods ( 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days , 28 days, 35 days) using seawater 3.5 % NaCl. The pH values were set in neutral in static condition. The materials were run for tafel polarization with a scan rate of 0.5mV/sec. Each sample will be tested when achieve a predetermined time. This experiment was carried out to compare the corrosion rate of 3.5% NaCl and with NaCl added 25% inhibitor. Inhibitors used were from banana trunk. The experiments were carried out at four different temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 20°C and 30°C). Before and after testing, the microstructures of each sample were observed by using Optical Microscope (OM). The results show the highest corrosion rate occurring in the shortest period of immersion for 1 day. However, the corrosion rate decreases when the longer period of immersion. The corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl will increase with added 25% inhibitor and decrease for 3.5% NaCl when temperature decreases.

scholarly journals Epoxy pre-polymers as new and effective materials for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acidic medium: Computational and experimental studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Dagdag ◽  
Zaki Safi ◽  
Rachid Hsissou ◽  
Hamid Erramli ◽  
Mehdi El Bouchti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Different Temperatures

Present study is designed for the synthesis, characterization and corrosion inhibition behavior of two diamine aromatic epoxy pre-polymers (DAEPs) namely, N1,N1,N2,N2-tetrakis (oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (DAEP1) and 4-methyl-N1,N1,N2,N2-tetrakis (oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (DAEP2) for carbon steel corrosion in acidic medium. Synthesized DAEPs were characterized using spectral (Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR)) techniques. Viscosity studies carried out at four different temperatures (20–80 °C) increase in temperature causes significant reduction in their viscosities. The anticorrosive properties of DAEPs differing in the nature of substituents, for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was evaluated using several experimental and computational techniques. Both experimental and computational studies showed that inhibitor (DAEP2) that contains electron releasing methyl (-CH3) showed higher protectiveness as compared to the inhibitor (DAEP1) without substituent (-H). Electrochemical results demonstrate that DAEPs act as reasonably good inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium and their effectiveness followed the sequence: DAEP2 (92.9%) > DAEP1 (91.7%). The PDP results show that the diamine aromatic epoxy pre-polymers molecules (DAEPs) act as mixed type inhibitors. Electrochemical study was also supported using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method were significant improvement in the surface morphology of inhibited (by DAEPs) metallic specimens was obtained. Results derived from computational density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulationsand studies were consistent with the experimental results derived from SEM, EIS and PDP electrochemical studies. Adsorption of the DAEPs obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

scholarly journals Inhibitive effect of N,N'-Dimethylaminoethanol on carbon steel corrosion in neutral sodium chloride solution, at different temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassoune ◽  
Abdelillah Bezzar ◽  
Latéfa Sail ◽  
Fouad Ghomari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Neutral Sodium

The inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in neutral sodium chloride solution by N,N'- Dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), at different temperatures, was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results obtained confirm that DMEA is a good organic corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5M of NaCl (concentration encountered in the Mediterranean seawater), over the whole range of temperatures studied. The inhibition efficiency (IE%) increases with increasing DMEA concentration; it reaches highest value for a concentration around 0.125 mol.L-1. Potentiodynamic polarization data show that, the compound studied in this research predominantly act as anodic-type inhibitor. The EIS study reveals that the addition of DMEA decreases the corrosion rate of carbon steel in neutral sodium chloride solution, due to the fact that the inhibitor molecules are strongly adsorbed on the active sites following Langmuir isotherm, thus leading to the formation of a stable protective film on the steel surface which is able to keep the metal/solution interface in a passive state. Furthermore, the values of the activation parameters, i.e. ΔHa and Ea obtained in this study indicate that the adsorption process of DMEA is endothermic and could be mainly attributed to chemisorption, respectively.

scholarly journals To Investigate the Effect of Heat Treatment on Low Carbon Steel Corrosion Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.20) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Azhar Wahab Abdalrhem ◽  
Ali Jaber Naeemah ◽  
Makki Noori jawad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Polarization Measurement ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Low Carbon

This work was to investigating the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in a salt solution of 3.5wt% NaCl after undergoing two different types of heat treatment at 960 ºC in a furnace. The material of low carbon steel was cut into nine small pieces under three groups A, B and C, without heated annealing and hardening heat treatment respectively. The heat treatment was at temperature 960ºC. The hardness of the sample as received will be 203 kg/mm2 while after hardening the hardness was increased. The sample was mounted using hot and cold mounting. The microstructure and surface morphology was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope (OM) after grinding, polishing and etching on the sample. In group A cementite can be observed clearly on pearlite on the surface before corrosion test. After four days soaking in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was observed all cementite and pearlite will be transformed to austenite with the remnants of cementite make the surface unstable hence increases the initial corrosion. After four days soaking when the cementite is oxidized and a thick film of corrosion product covers the material surface. The formation of Martensite due to quenching and rapid cooling in group C sample increases the corrosion rate from 0.072 mpy to 0.302 due to decreased of corrosion potential from -572 mV to -639 mV after four days soaking. The corrosion rate of each sample was measured by using electrochemical polarization measurement and Tafel extrapolation technique. From previous result, it was observed that samples which had undergone annealing mode of heat treatment turned out to be the ones with the best corrosion resistance.  

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF CARBON STEEL CORROSION IN DILUTED AMMONIACAL MEDIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Adriana Samide ◽  
Ion Bibicu ◽  
Mircea Preda ◽  
Olimpia Rusu ◽  
Paul Chirita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Mössbauer Measurements ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
Conversion Electron Spectroscopy

Electrochemical measurements (steady-state current-voltage curves) were coupled with Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques to investigate the corrosion of carbon steel in diluted ammoniacal media. The corrosion current for carbon steel in diluted ammoniacal media was determined from galvanostatic measurements, through extrapolation of the Tafel segments at the corrosion potential. Mossbauer measurements were performed at room temperature in the transmission (TMS) and conversion electron spectroscopy (CEMS) using a conventional constant-accelerating spectrometer with a 57Co-Rh source. The result of the corrosion is the layer appearance (nonstoichiometric iron oxide) on the sample surface.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Al-5Cu-1Li-0.6Mg-0.5Ag-0.5Mn Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Chen ◽  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
Dongyan Ding ◽  
Daihong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Al2cu Phase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microstructural Optimization

Microstructural optimization of Al-Li alloys plays a key role in the adjustment of mechanical properties as well as corrosion behavior. In this work, Al-5Cu-1Li-0.6Mg-0.5Ag-0.5Mn alloy was homogenized at different temperatures and holding times, followed by aging treatment. The microstructure and composition of the homogenized alloys and aged alloys were investigated. There were Al7Cu4Li phase, Al3Li phase, and Al2CuLi phases in the homogenized alloys. The Al7Cu4Li phase was dissolved with an increase in homogenization temperature and holding time. Al2Cu phase and Al2CuLi phase coarsened during the homogenization process. The alloy homogenized at 515 °C for 20 h was subjected to a two-stage aging treatment. Peak-age alloy, which had gone through age treatment at 120 °C for 4 h and 180 °C for 6 h, was mainly composed of α-Al, Al20Cu2Mn3, Al2CuLi, Al2Cu, and Al3Li phases. Tafel polarization of the peak-age alloys revealed the corrosion potential and corrosion current density to be −779 mV and 2.979 μA/cm2, respectively. The over-age alloy had a more positive corrosion potential of −658 mV but presented a higher corrosion current of 6.929 μA/cm2.

Ni/Co/black phosphorus nanocomposites for Q235 carbon steel corrosion-resistant coating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoqun Qiao ◽  
Shichao Wang ◽  
Xiaohu Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Xinzhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Resistant Coating ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Coating

The global iron industry and the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
pp. 205301962098233
Author(s):  
Kevin Mallinger ◽  
Martin Mergili
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Rock Overburden

Iron ore is the most mined metal and the second most mined mineral in the world. The mining of iron ore and the processing of iron and steel increased sharply during the 20th century and peaked at the beginning of the 21st century. Associated processes along the iron ore cycle (mining, processing, recycling, weathering) such as the massive displacement of rock, the emission of waste and pollutants, or the weathering of products resulted in long-term environmental and stratigraphic changes. Key findings link the iron ore industry to 170 gigatons of rock overburden, a global share of CO2 with 7.6%, mercury with 7.4%, and a variety of other metals, pollutants, and residues. These global changes led to physical, chemical, biological, magnetic, and sequential markers, which are used for the justification of the Anthropocene. The potential markers vary significantly regarding their persistence and measurability, but key findings are summarised as TMPs (Technogenic Magnetic Particles), SCPs (Spheroidal Carbonaceous fly ash Particles), POPs (Persistent Organic Particles), heavy metals (vanadium, mercury, etc.), as well as steel input and steel corrosion residues.

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