Impacto do estado nutricional na composição corporal e força muscular de idosas inseridas em um programa de treinamento com pesos

Overweight among older adults has increased considerably, and resistance training (RT) is a very attractive intervention strategy for positive changes associated with its practice. The aim was to evaluate the impact of nutritional status on body composition and muscle strength of older women in a RT program. Forty-eight older women were divided into three groups: eutrophic (EUT, BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m²), overweight (OVE, BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m²) and obese (OBE, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). RT was performed for 12 weeks, one set of 10 to 15 repetitions, eight exercises, three weekly sessions. Body composition assessments (muscle mass, fat mass and trunk fat), strength and muscle quality were performed. Interaction for muscle mass in EUT had significant effect (+ 4.0%) when compared to OVE (+ 1.4%) and OBE (+ 1.4%). Time effect was observed for muscle strength (EUT = + 10.6%, OVE = + 7.5% and OBE = + 11.0%), muscle quality (EUT = + 6.1%, OVE = + 6.3% and OBE = + 9.8%), trunk fat (EUT = - 3.3%, OVE = - 0.7% and OBE = - 0.7%) and fat mass (EUT = - 3.0%, OVE = - 1.5% and OBE = - 0.5%). The results suggest that RT is effective for improving strength, muscle quality, muscle mass, trunk fat and fat mass of older women, but nutritional status may be determinant in muscle mass changes.

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The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Women ◽

10.3390/women1030014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 143-168

Author(s):

Lynda B. Ransdell ◽

Heidi A. Wayment ◽

Nanette Lopez ◽

Cori Lorts ◽

Anna L. Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Dietary Manipulation ◽

The Impact

As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.

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Loss of adipose tissue mass during chemotherapy predicts reduced survival in patients with colorectal cancer treated with palliative intent

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000097x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Erin Stella Sullivan ◽

Louise E. Daly ◽

Éadaoin B Ní Bhuachalla ◽

Samantha J. Cushen ◽

Derek G. Power ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Palliative Chemotherapy ◽

Poor Survival ◽

Palliative Intent ◽

The Impact ◽

Baseline Bmi

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), however little is known about changes in body composition during chemotherapy and its impact on survival. The aim of this study was to examine in patients with CRC: (1) The prevalence of abnormal body composition phenotypes, (2) The impact of baseline body composition on overall survival, (3) Changes in body composition throughout treatment and its impact on overall survival.A prospective study of adult CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy between 2012–2016 was conducted. Longitudinal changes in body composition were examined using computed tomography (CT) images at two timepoints (interval 7 months, IQR: 5–9 months) using paired t-tests. Sarcopenia and low muscle attenuation (MA) were defined using published cut-offs. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios, adjusted for known prognostic covariates – stage, age, sex, performance status & systemic inflammation.In total, 268 patients were recruited (66% male, mean age 63 years) and 51% were undergoing chemotherapy with a palliative intent. At baseline, 4% were underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m2), 38% had a normal BMI, and 58% were overweight/obese. Despite this, 38% had cancer cachexia, 34% were sarcopenic and 43% had low MA. Neither sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity nor cachexia at baseline predicted survival. Over 100 days, 68% were muscle stable (± 1 kg), while 25% lost > 1 kg and 7% gained > 1 kg. Fat mass remained stable ± 1 kg in 49%, while 28% lost > 1 kg and 23% gained > 1 kg. When adjusted for known prognostic covariates, baseline BMI (20–25 kg/m2) in those having palliative chemotherapy was independently associated with reduced survival compared to those with BMI indicating overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) [HR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.04–3.14), p = 0.037]. In those undergoing chemotherapy with palliative intent, a loss of > 6.4% subcutaneous fat (Q1 SAT) over 100 days was predictive of poor survival versus those with small losses, remaining stable or gaining SAT (Q2-4), independent of changes in muscle mass [HR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.07–4.62), p = 0.033].Patients with CRC, particularly those treated with a palliative intent, experience significant losses in muscle and fat mass during chemotherapy. Loss of SAT mass during palliative chemotherapy is prognostic of poor survival, independent of changes in muscle mass. Baseline BMI in the overweight range confers a survival advantage. Nutritional strategies to prevent or attenuate weight loss during chemotherapy are advisable especially in the context of advanced CRC.

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Effects of Resistance Training and Soy Isoflavone on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2010/156037 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fábio Lera Orsatti ◽

Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas ◽

Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽

Nailza Maesta ◽

Cláudio Lera Orsatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Double Blind ◽

Soy Isoflavone

Objective. To investigate the independent and additive effects of resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone (ISO) on body composition in postmenopausal women (PW).Method. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blind (soy), randomized (ISO versus placebo) × (RT versus No RT) design. A total of 80 PW, aged 45–70 years, were randomly (71 completed 9-months intervention): RT + ISO (n=15), No RT + ISO (n=20), RT + placebo (n=18), and No RT + placebo (n=18). ISO received 100 mg a day of isoflavone; and to RT attended supervised resistance training sessions. At baseline and 9-months, fat and muscle mass were estimated by DXA. ANOVA and testtwere used.Results. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (35.2%) and muscle mass (1.4%). Exercising attenuated gains in fat trunk and % body fat (P<.05). Significant decreases in muscle mass (−1.8%) and increases in fat mass of the whole-body (1.6%) and trunk (9.7%) was found in no-RT groups (P<.05). In ISO groups, there were no differences in body composition and muscle strength. ISO and RT had no additive effects.Conclusion. In PW: RT improved muscle mass and strength and attenuated gain of fat mass; ISO did not alter body composition and muscle strength; there were no additive effects of RT and ISO.

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The relationship between changes in serum myostatin and adiponectin levels in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00808-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nana Takao ◽

Satoshi Kurose ◽

Takumi Miyauchi ◽

Katsuko Onishi ◽

Atsuko Tamanoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Post Intervention

Abstract Background An effective strategy for weight loss in patients who are overweight or obese is to reduce body fat mass while maintaining skeletal muscle mass. Adiponectin and myostatin are affected through changes in body composition due to weight loss, and examining their dynamics may contribute to strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle mass through weight loss. We aimed to examine the relationships among myostatin, adiponectin, and body composition, depending on the extent of weight loss, in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program. Methods We examined 66 patients with obesity (age: 46.8 ± 14.0 years, body mass index: 34.3 [31.0–38.4] kg/m2) attending a hospital weight loss program. We categorized the patients into two groups, namely an L group (those with a weight reduction of < 5% from baseline) and an M group (those with a weight reduction of > 5% from baseline). All patients underwent blood tests and were assessed for body composition, insulin resistance, adipocytokine and myokine levels, exercise tolerance, and muscle strength at baseline and post-intervention. Results Serum myostatin and adiponectin levels increased post-intervention in both groups. Body weight and %fat decreased, and the rate of lean body mass (%LBM) increased in both groups. Exercise capacity and muscle strength improved in the M group only. Change in (⊿) myostatin correlated with ⊿%fat, ⊿%LBM, and ⊿adiponectin. ⊿adiponectin (β = − 0.262, p = 0.035) was an independent predictor of ⊿myostatin. Conclusions Myostatin and adiponectin might cross-talk and regulate changes in skeletal muscle and fat mass with or without successful weight loss. These findings indicate that evaluating serum myostatin and adiponectin levels in clinical practice could be used to predict the effects of weight loss and help prevent skeletal muscle mass loss.

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Benefits of Adding an Aquatic Resistance Interval Training to a Nutritional Education on Body Composition, Body Image Perception and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Older Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2712

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Bernardo J. Cuestas-Calero ◽

María Martínez-Olcina ◽

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Composition ◽

Older Women ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Interval Training ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Image Perception ◽

Body Image Perception

The human population is increasing due to lengthening life expectancy, but the quality of life and health of people is moving in the opposite direction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how aquatic resistance interval training can influence body composition, body image perception and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in older women participants in a nutrition education program and to study the relation between these variables. Thirty-four participants aged 69 ± 4 years were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (aquatic resistance interval training plus nutritional intervention) and control (nutritional intervention). The intervention consisted of resistance training in an aquatic environment carried out for 14 weeks (three sessions per week; 60 min each). Body composition, body image perception and adherence to MD diet were evaluated at baseline and 14 weeks. No significant differences were found between groups regarding body image perception and adherence to the MD. There was a significant increase in muscle mass (kg) (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001) in the intervention group when compared to the control group. The addition of aquatic resistance interval training to a nutritional intervention was not sufficient to change body image perception and adherence to MD but produced improvement in body composition (through an increase in muscle mass and decrease on fat mass) in older women.

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Body composition and health behaviors among older women attending regular fitness classes: a pilot study

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Agata Mroczek ◽

Iwona Dobrowolska ◽

Magdalena Golachowska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Lower Body ◽

Senior Women

Background: The average lifespan is increasing worldwide, although the healthspan and quality of life is not. Many older adults either have a chronic disease, excessive body mass, or do not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations as for nutrition and physical activity. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition among senior women and health behaviors in the five domains of nutrition, body care, rest, safety and physical activity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 36 women attending fitness classes. The Positive Health Behavior Questionnaire was used as the qualitative measurement and participant height, weight and body composition were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR ), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. Results: Significant correlations (p≤0.05) were found between attending organized physical activities and higher muscle mass and higher BMR. Moreover, (a) sleeping at least six to seven hours at night correlated with a lower BMI and lower body fat mass; (b) spending at least 20–30 minutes a day resting correlated with lower visceral fat; (c) devoting at least 30 minutes daily to moderate or heavy physical exertion correlated with lower body fat mass, percent of body fat and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: The study shows strong relationships between physical activity, dietary patterns, rest, length of sleep, BMI, adiposity and muscle mass of physically active senior women. The results suggest it is necessary to actively promote and support older women in implementing healthy behaviors consistently in their life.

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Body composition associations with muscle strength in older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250439

Author(s):

Anne N. Hiol ◽

Pamela R. von Hurst ◽

Cathryn A. Conlon ◽

Owen Mugridge ◽

Kathryn L. Beck

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Aging is associated with decreases in muscle strength and simultaneous changes in body composition, including decreases in muscle mass, muscle quality and increases in adiposity. Methods Adults (n = 369; 236 females) aged 65–74 years living independently were recruited from the cross-sectional Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study. Body fat percentage and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (sum of lean mass in the arms and legs) were assessed using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Hologic, QDR Discovery A). The ASM index was calculated by ASM (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Isometric grip strength was measured using a hand grip strength dynamometer (JAMAR HAND). Results Linear regression analyses revealed that muscle strength was positively associated with the ASM index (R2 = 0.431, p < 0.001). When exploring associations between muscle strength and muscle mass according to obesity classifications (obesity ≥30% males; ≥40% females), muscle mass was a significant predictor of muscle strength in non-obese participants. However, in participants with obesity, muscle mass was no longer a significant predictor of muscle strength. Conclusions Body fat percentage should be considered when measuring associations between muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults.

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Effects of nutrition supplementation and physical exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-0643 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuo Li ◽

Min Cui ◽

Kang Yu ◽

Xiaowei Zhang ◽

Chunwei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Nutrition Supplementation ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Impact

This study aims to determine the impact of nutrition supplementation (whey protein, fish oil, vitamin D) and physical exercise (resistance and aerobic exercise) on muscle mass, muscle strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly. Participants (n=241) with sarcopenia (aged≥60y) enrolled from two centers were randomized into groups undergoing nutrition supplementation (Nutr), physical exercise (Ex), nutrition combined with exercise (Nutr+Ex), or routine consultation for 12 weeks. Muscle-related indicators, grip strength as well as fat-related indicators were compared pre- and post-intervention. The per-protocol analysis showed all indicators were significantly different between groups (P<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons showed that compared with controls, appendicular muscle mass and grip strength were significantly higher in Nutr (P<0.001, 95%CI:0.578,1.475; P<0.001, 95%CI:3.614~9.118), Ex (P=0.010, 95%CI: 0.157,1.153; P<0.001, 95%CI: 2.904,8.732), Nutr+Ex (P<0.001, 95%CI: 0.564,1.471; P<0.001, 95%CI: 3.441,8.907), while fat mass was significantly lower in the Nutr (P<0.001, 95%CI: -4.676,-2.358)) and Nutr+Ex (P<0.001, 95%CI: -4.717,-1.790). When compared with Ex, fat mass decreased significantly in Nutr (P=0.001, 95%CI: -4.856,-1.359)) and Nutr+Ex (P=0.005, 95%CI: -4.810,-0.878). The findings indicate that nutrition supplementation and physical exercise could improve muscle mass, strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly. Nutrition supplementation might be better at decreasing fat mass in this population. Trial registration number: NCT02873676. Novelty: ● Nutrition supplementation improved muscle mass, strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly. ● Aerobic and resistance exercise improved muscle mass and strength in sarcopenic elderly. ● Combined nutrition supplementation and physical exercise improved muscle mass, strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly.

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Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics in Middle-Aged and Elderly Sarcopenia Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/6973469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Qinghua He ◽

Xiuzhi Wang ◽

Caizhe Yang ◽

Xiaoming Zhuang ◽

Yanfen Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Increased Risk

Sarcopenia is considered to be a new complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) leading to increased risk of adverse outcome. We performed a survey to evaluate glucose metabolism and nutritional status in sarcopenia patients with T2DM. Diabetic participants aged ≥50 years were grouped into a probable sarcopenia group with low muscle strength ( n = 405 ) and a nonsarcopenia group with normal muscle strength ( n = 720 ) according to the revised recommendations from EWGSOP2 (2018). Compared to the controls, the probable sarcopenia participants were older and had lower waist-to-hip ratio and BMI, longer diabetes duration, higher fasting plasma glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and lower bone mineral content, lower fatless upper arm circumference, lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and muscle quality in both genders. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed increased age, male, low BMI, and increased HbA1c, combined with diabetic nephropathy and decreased serum albumin levels, were risk factors associated with low muscle strength in diabetes patients. In conclusion, diabetic patients with sarcopenia had worse glucose metabolism and nutritional status, decreased renal function and reduced muscle quality ,and muscle mass with a greater likelihood of osteoporosis, who need an overall health management to improve outcomes. This clinical trial registration is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EOC-15006901.

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Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and alpha-linolenic acid are associated with physical capacity measure but not muscle mass in older women 65–72 years

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02773-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Isanejad ◽

Behnam Tajik ◽

Anne McArdle ◽

Marjo Tuppurainen ◽

Joonas Sirola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Function ◽

Older Women ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract Purpose The aim was to investigate the cross-sectional association of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) intake with multiple physical functions, muscle mass and fat mass in older women. Method Study subjects were 554 women from the Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Fracture Prevention Study, with dietary intake assessed with 3-day food record. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function measures included walking speed 10 m, chair rises, one leg stance, knee extension, handgrip strength and squat. Short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was defined based on the European working group on sarcopenia criteria. Results The multivariable adjusted models showed statistically significant associations for dietary ALA with higher SPPB (β = 0.118, P = 0.024), knee extension force at baseline (β = 0.075, P = 0.037) and lower fat mass (β = − 0.081, P = 0.034), as well as longer one-leg stance (β = 0.119, P = 0.010), higher walking speed (β = 0.113, P = 0.047), and ability to squat to the ground (β = 0.110, P = 0.027) at baseline. Total dietary omega-3 PUFA was associated with better SPPB (β = 0.108, P = 0.039), one-leg stance (β = 0.102, P = 0.041) and ability to squat (β = 0.110, P = 0.028), and with walking speed (β = 0.110, P = 0.028). However, associations for dietary EPA and DHA with physical function and body composition were not significant. Conclusion Dietary omega-3 and ALA, but not EPA and DHA, were positively associated with muscle strength and function in older women. The intake of omega-3 and its subtypes was not associated with muscle mass. Longitudinal studies are needed to show whether omega-3 intake may be important for muscle function in older women.

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