scholarly journals The Cost of Inter-Ethnic Conflicts in Ghana’s Northern Region: The Case of the Nawuri-Gonja Conflicts

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Debrah ◽  
◽  
Seidu Alidu ◽  
Isaac Owusu-Mensah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANIZED FOREST IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Cesar Fiedler ◽  
Alexandre Arantes de Campos ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Antônio Henrique Cordeiro Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Waste Removal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

ABSTRACT Mechanization in forestry implantation demands high energy, time, and high operational and production costs. Thus, studies related to the influence of variables on the efficiency of these activities are essential to reduce costs and optimize operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and cost performance of mechanized forest implantation operations in Eucalyptus sp. Data were collected from eucalyptus plantations located in the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The analysis of operational performance determined the distribution of operating times, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency, and productivity of the machines. The cost analysis estimated the operating costs in forestry implantation activities. The forest planting operations were: waste removal, subsoiling, digging with fertilization, planting, chemical weeding, and covering fertilization. According to the results, planting (39.20%) and waste removal (15.99%) represented the longest operating cycle times, the shortest production times (51.48% and 53.64%), and finally the longest maintenance times (32.95% and 29%). Chemical weeding and subsoiling showed the lowest maintenance times (4.64% and 3.47%). The cover fertilization was the operation that presented the highest productivity (2.99 ha he-1), and the removal of residues had the lowest (0.97 ha he-1). The highest costs per effective hour (R$13.57 he-1) and lowest production costs (R$81.59 ha-1) occurred at planting. Subsoiling had the highest production cost (R$112.80 ha-1). The lowest operating cost was obtained in the fertilizing operation. Operating costs had the greatest weight in labor, fuel, and maintenance and repairs.

scholarly journals AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MONTHLY TURNOVER AND COST STRUCTURE OF RUBBER INDUSTRY IN KERALA

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Dr. Adarsh
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Overhead Cost ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Industrial Units

The present paper is an attempt to examine the monthly turnover and the cost structure of Rubber Industry in Kerala. The study of monthly turnover and the cost structure of Rubber Industry in Kerala are very important and much significant for the Rubber industry in Kerala. The researcher prepared a questionnaire keeping in mind all the important aspects related to indigenous rubber and import of rubber. The present study is based on primary data. Primary data was collected from the Rubber industrial units (Sole Proprietor, Firm and Company) from three regions of Kerala i.e., Southern Region, Central Region and Northern Region through a structured questionnaire. Questionnaire was constructed after consulting the experts in the field of Rubber industry. Based on their suggestion, some items were deleted and some items were modified. The responses of the users were, by and large, encouraging. They responded freely in highlighting different aspects of rubber industry. To conclude, there is significant difference in the monthly turnover for different Rubber Industrial Units in Kerala. In other words, we can say that as nature of ownership changes, there is a change in monthly turnover. Likewise, the percentage share of different components of cost namely overhead cost and fixed cost of Rubber Industry in Kerala based on ownership is different and it is found more for sole proprietorship and firm respectively. The percentage share of different components of cost of Rubber Industry in Kerala based on operation is same. KEY WORDS: Monthly turnover, Cost structure, Rubber Industry, Overhead cost, Fixed cost.

scholarly journals Production of Cellular Concrete Blocks Espumígeno Using Coconut Fatty Acids and Wastes of Foundry-Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rudimar Pedro ◽  
◽  
Lauren da Cunha Duarte ◽  
Tauhana Eineck ◽  
Fernanda Vilasbôas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cellular Concrete

The northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is an important polo industrial metal / mechanical, with an extensive and varied portfolio of equipment, principally the manufacture of agricultural implements. In the foundry parts used in the manufacture of agricultural machinery, a large amount of sand is used, generating waste according to the NBR 10004/2004 standard, which deals with the classification of solid waste as its potential risks to the environment and health class II THE. This class includes non-hazardous waste and non-inert. Except in cases of waste containing large amounts of “molds machos’’, in this case framed as ‘’dangerous’’ class I. Its environmentally correct disposal in controlled or sanitary landfills represents an important expense in the cost table and requires careful management for the industries that are directly responsible for incidents and accidents and co-responsible for possible environmental liabilities futures, even with referral to paid landfills. Specifically, this paper seeks search a method of using foundry waste and its blanketing, more precisely, the Sands used in the manner of manufacture of cast piece, Replacing the natural sand, water, foam produced With the espumigeno coconut fatty acids, cement as a binder in the manufacture of blocks of cellular concrete espumígeno (bcce), and consequent use in civil construction. In this context it seeks the state of the art in the construction of theoretical and practical knowledge about the topic, and also based on the models studied in research and publications by this author, using similar residues

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and rationale of mango cultivation based on some selected areas in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Yeasmin Sampa ◽  
Md Ariful Alam ◽  
Md Abdul Latif ◽  
Md Masbaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Cost

The study was conducted among 104 mango producer through primary data collection to assess the profitability in mango production, demographic and socio-economic condition of farmers in four villages of Northern region of Bangladesh. The study encompasses the comparison of cost and profit of other crop with mango cultivation. Most farmers depend on mango production because the climate is unfavorable for field crop production but very conducive for mango cultivation in Barind ecosystem. Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) was used to measure the problems of mango production. On the basis of PCI formula, out of the 16 problems, insects and diseases infestation was identified as the major problem with PCI 429 followed by dropping of fruits and flowers with PCI 409. Lack of better varieties/ Seedling/ grafts, modern technology and climate change was also three major problems with PCI 387, 193 and 276 respectively. Cost and return analysis of mango production revealed that 10 mango varieties are founds as profitable with the higher working investment and human labor development. Cultivator had to spend 106659 taka for one hectors of land or 120 mango trees and average profit was 299010. Average profit from mango cultivation (299010Tk/ha) was higher than Average profit from onion cultivation (260412Tk/ha).Most farmers (about 87%) practiced intercropping with mango. the cost incurred by Harvesting, Sorting and Grading of mango cultivation was more than other crops. Although respondents certified that Rajshahi district is profitable in respect of mango production further study should be taken place with other variables and characteristics. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 79-90, April 2019

scholarly journals Impacts of Automatic and Parallel Driving Systems on the Productivity of Machine-Tractor Units in the Northern Region of the Republic of Kazachstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Yurij Vladimirovich Polishchuk ◽  
Vladimir Leonidovich Astafyev ◽  
Alexey Ivanovich Derepaskin ◽  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Kostyuchenkov ◽  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Laptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Precision farming systems are being intensively introduced into the agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to developers and dealers, precision farming can reduce the cost of fertilizers, seeds, PPA, fuel and lubricants by 20% on average. At the same time, the efficiency possibilities resulting from the utilization of precision farming systems under certain conditions have not been fully studied. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical, operational and economic indicators of units for sowing, chemical processing, harvesting, and autumn deep tillage using comparative tests in the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For these purposes, comparative tests were conducted for a seeder for sowing wheat; self-propelled sprayer for chemical weeding of wheat and flax; combine harvester for harvesting wheat; and unit for deep, subsurface tillage in Northern Kazakhstan. The comparative tests determined the impacts of GPS navigation systems, automatic and parallel control systems, and seeding control systems on agricultural, energy, operational, technological and economic performance of units.

Asymmetrical Neighbors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enze Han
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Peace Negotiation ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Cost

Asymmetrical Neighbors explains the variations in state building across the borderland area between China, Myanmar, and Thailand. It presents a comparative historical account of the state and nation-building processes in the ethnically diverse and geographically rugged borderland area where China meets Southeast Asia. It argues the failure of the Myanmar state to consolidate its control over its borderland area is partly due to the political and military meddling by its two more powerful neighbors during the Cold War. Furthermore, both China and Thailand, being more economically advanced than Myanmar, have exerted heavy economic influence on the borderland area at the cost of Myanmar’s economic sovereignty. The book provides a historical account of the borderland that traces the pattern of relations between valley states and upland people before the mid-twentieth century. Then it discusses the implications of the Chinese nationalist KMT troops in Burma and Thailand and Burmese and Thai communist insurgencies since the mid-1960s on attempts by the three states to consolidate their respective borderland areas. The book also portrays the dynamics of the borderland economy and the dominance of both China and Thailand on Myanmar’s borderland territory in the post-Cold War period. It further discusses the comparative nation-building processes among the three states and the implications for the ethnic minority groups in the borderland area and their national identity contestations. Finally, the book provides an updated account of the current ethnic conflicts along Myanmar’s restive borderland and its ongoing peace negotiation process.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

New Feasible Concepts of Aberration Correction for Realizing High-Resolution Electron Microscopes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Rotationally Symmetric ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

The imaging performance of the light optical lens systems has reached such a degree of perfection that nowadays numerical apertures of about 1 can be utilized. Compared to this state of development the objective lenses of electron microscopes are rather poor allowing at most usable apertures somewhat smaller than 10-2 . This severe shortcoming is due to the unavoidable axial chromatic and spherical aberration of rotationally symmetric electron lenses employed so far in all electron microscopes.The resolution of such electron microscopes can only be improved by increasing the accelerating voltage which shortens the electron wave length. Unfortunately, this procedure is rather ineffective because the achievable gain in resolution is only proportional to λ1/4 for a fixed magnetic field strength determined by the magnetic saturation of the pole pieces. Moreover, increasing the acceleration voltage results in deleterious knock-on processes and in extreme difficulties to stabilize the high voltage. Last not least the cost increase exponentially with voltage.

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