A scoping review of evaluation methods for health emergency preparedness exercises

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Skryabina, PhD ◽  
Paul Riley, PhD ◽  
Gabriel Reedy, PhD ◽  
Richard Amlôt, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Organizational Capability ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Feedback Perceptions ◽  
Specific Evaluation

Objective: To review and analyze evaluation methods currently utilized in health emergency preparedness exercises (HEPE).Design: This study, part of a larger scoping review that systematically collected and reviewed published evidence related to the benefits of HEPE, provides a further analysis of the evaluation methods utilized in such exercises. We separately analyzed discussion-based and operation-based exercises according to their purpose. This addresses a methodological limitation related to the poorly understood relationship between the purpose and context in which a specific evaluation method is selected to be used.Results: In the reviewed 64 studies, a variety of evaluation methods were utilized for HEPE including observations, participants’ survey, and post-exercise debriefs. At present, the selection and use of these methods is not guided by any methodology, but seems rather arbitrary. No specific evaluation methods were isolated for any exercise type.Conclusions: The purpose of evaluation should guide the selection of evaluation methods for HEPE, and these are not context specific. If evaluation is for accountability purposes, such as to test organizational capability to respond, participant feedback should be collected in addition to objective data on performance in an exercise. Advantages of routinely collecting data from exercise participants to study their reactions (exercise feedback, perceptions, satisfaction with the exercise) and routinely conducting post-exercise debriefs (both hot debrief and cold debrief), are discussed to support evaluation for development or learning purposes in any context.

The Relationship Between Highly Visual Social Media and Young People’s Mental Health: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
The Impact

UNSTRUCTURED Users of highly visual social media (HVSM), such as Snapchat and Instagram, share their messages through images, rather than relying on words. A significant proportion of people that use these platforms are adolescents. Previous research reveals mixed evidence regarding the impact of online social technologies on this age group’s mental wellbeing, but it is uncertain whether the psychological effects of visual content alone differ from text-driven social media. This scoping review maps existing literature that has published evidence about highly visual social media, specifically its psychological impact on young people. Nine electronic databases and grey literature from 2010 until March 2019 were reviewed for articles describing any aspect of visual social media, young people and their mental health. The screening process retrieved 239 articles. With the application of eligibility criteria, this figure was reduced to 25 articles for analysis. Results indicate a paucity of data that exclusively examines HVSM. The predominance of literature relies on quantitative methods to achieve its objectives. Many findings are inconsistent and lack the richness that qualitative data may provide to explore the reasons for theses mixed findings.

Research and Evaluation of Bionics Shape Design Based on Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 621-625
Author(s):  
Nan Chu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation

The paper proposes an ideal approach of shape design by using shape evaluation methods accurately. The paper proposes and tests the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method using a case of two clips based on genetic algorithm and quantitative methods. By using this evaluation method, the shape details of a product could be improved gradually.

Based on the Fuzzy Multi-Objective People Decision Method of Engineering Bidding Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 3147-3151
Author(s):  
Yun Na Wu ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Mandula Naren ◽  
He Ping Wang ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Bidding Price ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Conducting Research

The construction project bidding is a feasible method in engineering transactions and the main competition form of the construction activities under the conditions of the market economy. The bid assessment is an important link of bidding, and whether bid evaluation method is scientific or not, is directly related to the success of the tender. In the engineering construction field, at present the current commonly used evaluation methods are the comprehensive evaluation method and the lowest bidding price evaluation method. Based on fuzzy set theory and multi-objective people decision theory, we introduce fuzzy multi-objective people decision-making evaluation methods. And conducting research to put forward the evaluation index and weight method to determine the bidding decision model. Finally we apply it to actual case to make out the more standardized and scientific bidding evaluation method.

Study on Defogging Effect Evaluation Method in Atomization Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1972-1976
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Fan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
Relative Contrast ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Edge Similarity ◽  
Human Eyes

For the problems of few current defogging effect evaluation methods and limited evaluation methods, it proposes an image clarity effect evaluation method: the method combined with relative contrast and edge similarity. This is because: the contrast degree of fog image and non-fog image is obviously different. While improving image contrast degree, it should also try to make the edge structure of recovery image and reduced image consistent to prevent the recovery image from distorting. The experiment proves that this method can effectively evaluate the clarity effect of each algorithm, and the evaluation result and the subjective feelings of the human eyes are consistent. Compared with the existing evaluation methods, it obtains overall evaluation conclusion and also has a good practicability and reliability.

The use of gamification and incentives in mobile health apps to improve medication adherence: a systematic scoping review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Tran ◽  
Lorraine Smith ◽  
Sarira El-Den ◽  
Stephen Carter
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Published Evidence

BACKGROUND Emerging healthcare strategies to address medication adherence include the use of direct-to-patient incentives or elements adapted from computer games. However, there is currently no published evidence synthesis on the use of gamification and/or financial incentives in mobile applications (apps) to improve medication adherence. OBJECTIVE To explore the use of gamification and/or financial incentives in mobile apps to improve medication adherence. METHODS The following databases were searched for relevant articles published in English up to 24th of September: Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist guided this systematic scoping review. Using a systematic screening process, studies were included if incentives and/or game features were used in mobile apps to address medication adherence. RESULTS An initial 691 potentially relevant articles were retrieved. Using a systematic process, 11 studies were included in this review. Across the studies, gamification alone (n=9) was used more than financial incentives (n=1) alone or a combination of the two (n=1). There was great variability in the development of the apps and underpinning theories. Patient involvement and contributions were not commonly seen in predevelopment but were evident in evaluations of feasibility, acceptance and effectiveness. The studies generally reported improved or sustained optimal medication adherence outcomes with gamification and financial incentives; however, there were significant heterogeneity in the patient population, methodology such as outcome measures and reporting of these studies. CONCLUSIONS To address medication adherence via gamified and incentivised mobile apps, an evidence-based co-design approach and agile methodology should be used during development. Further research in a generalised cohort of patients living with chronic conditions would facilitate the identification of barriers and potential opportunities for the use of gamification and financial incentives in mobile apps for medication adherence.

A Corpus Based Method for Evaluating the Teaching Effect of Electronic Engineering English

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229
Author(s):  
Yong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Standard Value

The existing evaluation methods have the problem of imperfect teaching effect evaluation model, which leads to the low reliability of the evaluation index. This paper designs a corpus based quantitative analysis method for teaching effect evaluation of Electronic Engineering English. Based on the mathematical principle of radial basis function, this paper uses corpus to analyze the distribution characteristics of Electronic Engineering English courses quantitatively, and uses association rules algorithm to build an English teaching effect evaluation model to comprehensively judge the importance of each factor. Experimental results: the average reliability of the two existing evaluation methods is 1.0751 and 0.5455 respectively, and the average reliability of the evaluation method is 0.7983, which shows that the reliability of the evaluation method is closer to the standard value of 0.8, which proves that the evaluation method of Electronic Engineering English teaching effect integrated with quantitative analysis of corpus has better practical application performance good.

scholarly journals What causes prescribing errors in children? Scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L Conn ◽  
Orla Kearney ◽  
Mary P Tully ◽  
Michael D Shields ◽  
Tim Dornan
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Prescribing Error ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Included Review

Objectives(1) Systematically assemble, analyse and synthesise published evidence on causes of prescribing error in children. (2) Present results to a multidisciplinary group of paediatric prescribing stakeholders to validate findings and establish how causative factors lead to errors in practice.DesignScoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, including stakeholder consultation; qualitative evidence synthesis.MethodsWe followed the six scoping review stages. (1) Research question—the research question was ‘What is known about causes of prescribing error in children?’ (2) Search strategy—we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (from inception to February 2018), grey literature and reference lists of included studies. (3) Article selection—all published evidence contributing information on the causes of prescribing error in children was eligible for inclusion. We included review articles as secondary evidence to broaden understanding. (4) Charting data—results were collated in a custom data charting form. (5) Reporting results—we summarised article characteristics, extracted causal evidence and thematically synthesised findings. (6) Stakeholder consultation—results were presented to a multidisciplinary focus group of six prescribing stakeholders to establish validity, relevance and mechanisms by which causes lead to errors in practice.Results68 articles were included. We identified six main causes of prescribing errors: children’s fundamental differences led to individualised dosing and calculations; off-licence prescribing; medication formulations; communication with children; and experience working with children. Primary evidence clarifying causes was lacking.ConclusionsSpecific factors complicate prescribing for children and increase risk of errors. Primary research is needed to confirm and elaborate these causes of error. In the meantime, this review uses existing evidence to make provisional paediatric-specific recommendations for policy, practice and education.

The Applicability of Existing Typical Liquefaction Evaluation Methods of Site Soils Based on Shear Wave Velocities for Bachu Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 1412-1418
Author(s):  
Jiang Hua Shi ◽  
Zhen Zhong Cao ◽  
Zhao Yan Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Yuan ◽  
Lin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Shear Wave Velocities ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Critical Lines

Based on liquefaction survey of 2003 Xinjiang Bachu earthquake of Ms6.8 and in-situ shear wave velocity testing data, the feasibility and applicability of five typical liquefaction evaluation methods which use shear wave velocities as criteria are presented herein. Analysis showed that none of the five liquefaction evaluation methods can provide a satisfactory result in Bachu area. The successful judging rates are only 36% to 64%. The intensity method which is employed to evaluate liquefied and non-liquefied sites in Bachu area provides only 40% successful judging rate, and the method is risky in intensity VII area and conservative in intensity IX area. The critical lines of the five methods deviate greatly from the actual lines. In intensity VII area all the five methods incorrectly misjudge. Further work has to be conducted to research on the soil properties in Bachu area and to establish the regional liquefaction evaluation method in Xinjiang.

Comparison of Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods in LWR Water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Final Report ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

Many studies on the environmental fatigue of structural materials in LWR (Light Water Reactor) water have been carried out over the past 30 years. Early environmental fatigue tests were mainly carried out in Japan in the 1980s, and these results were reported to the ASME in 1988. After that, O. Chopra and W. Shack of ANL (Argonne National Laboratory) also carried out similar fatigue tests and reported that their data corresponded well to Japanese data. In the US, the PVRC (Pressure Vessel Research Council) started the CLEE Committee (Cyclic Life and Environmental Effect, Chair: Sumio Yukawa) for developing the environmental fatigue evaluation method in LWR water under the request from the ASME in 1991. This committee continued for 13 years and closed in 2004 after publishing the final report as WRC (Welding Research Council) Bulletin 487. After 1990 in Japan, the EFD Project (1993–1995) and the EFT Project (1994–2006) were carried out under the collaboration of electric utilities, plant vendors and government. A large number of environmental fatigue data have been generated in these projects, and these were offered to the US through the CLEE Committee. Based on Japanese and US fatigue data, environmental fatigue evaluation methods have been established in both countries that assess the effects of some parameters on fatigue life reduction in LWR water environments. This paper introduces the history of studies on the environmental fatigue in LWR water and the contributions of Sumio Yukawa to these activities. After that, the comparison of three major methods of environmental fatigue evaluation such as PVRC, JSME and MJREG/CR-6909 are reported.

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