Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN

Over the past decades ASEAN countries have experienced rapid economic growth accompanied by a dramatic fall in poverty rates, but income inequality has not retreated. This research aims at identifying factors which could contribute to more equally distributed growth in ASEAN. To measure inclusive growth, we use a variable integrating per capita income growth and an equity index. A cross-country panel analysis of the impact of macro-structural factors on inclusive growth and its two components suggests that fiscal redistribution, female labor force participation, productivity growth, FDI inflows, digitalization, and savings significantly drive inclusive growth. A scenario analysis based on our econometric results suggests that the implementation of fiscal redistribution and labor market-oriented structural reforms could help significantly accelerate inclusive growth in ASEAN.

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The impact of credits to the private sector and FDI on the economic growth in ASEAN

Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management ◽

10.32508/stdjelm.v3i4.576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 343-351

Author(s):

Dang Van Cuong

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Private Sector ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Random Effect ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Asean Countries ◽

The Impact

The paper examines the impact of credits to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows on the economic growth of ASEAN countries in the period 1995-2017. The paper also validates the capital spread of FDI inflows to economic growth through credits to private sector. Using fixed effect estimation method (FEM), random effect (REM) and generalized least square (GLS) for panel data, we found that FDI inflows are positvely correlated with the economic growth of the ASEAN countries. This once again confirms the role of FDI in promoting the economic growth as evidenced in previous studies. Meanwhile, credits to private sector exert a negative impact on the economic growth in these countries which is an interesting finding given that few studies yield a similar result. To assess the spillover effect of FDI to growth through credits to private sector, we augment our model with a variable that reflects the interaction between credits to private sector and FDI. This variable is negative and statistically significant, suggesting that FDI is yet to show its positive impact on growth through spreading capital to credits to privatte sector.

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Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fayyaz Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Umar Draz ◽

Lijuan Su ◽

Ilhan Ozturk ◽

Abdul Rauf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Pool Model ◽

Per Capita ◽

Asean Countries ◽

The Impact ◽

Nations Development

The aim of this paper is to reinvestigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on welfare or poverty reduction in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies. We used FDI net inflows per capita and the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index (HDI) as the principal variables ranging from 1990 to 2014. Our analyses confirm the positive and strongly significant relationship between FDI net inflows and poverty reduction in Asia. However, it indicates significant differences between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Generally, we find that FDI has a greater impact on welfare in SAARC countries than in ASEAN countries. Our results hold true for both HDI and real gross domestic product (GDP), and are shown to be robust using both panel and pool model specifications.

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THE ROLE OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ATTRACTION: CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business ◽

10.12955/peb.v1.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Rogneda Groznykh ◽

Oleg Mariev ◽

Sergey Plotnikov ◽

Maria Fominykh

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Political Stability ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact ◽

Foreign Direct Investment Inflows

This study is devoted to the evaluation and scrutiny of political stability as a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to different countries. The primary objective of the research is to estimate the impact and influence of various indicators of political stability on foreign direct investment inflows. The analysis is delivered based on a database on cross-country FDI inflows of 66 FDI-importer countries and 98 FDI-exporter countries, in the period between 2001-2018. This article uses the assumption that the impact of political stability might be different for both the groups of developed and developing countries. As the developed economies have higher political stability, they tend to attract larger amounts of foreign direct investment compared to developing economies, where the political situation can be less stable. Furthermore, the estimation applies the gravity approach, while the main method used for the econometric calculations is the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) regression. The outcome revealed that in most cases the indicators of political stability had a positive impact on the foreign direct investment inflows. However, the results are not constant for all groups of countries. Therefore, if a developed country is an importer of investment, then most of the indicators of political stability become significant and have a positive influence on the foreign direct investment. At the same time, if the importer is a developing country, then for the investor-developed economy, political stability becomes a significant factor. Similarly, if the FDI-exporter is a developing economy, then determinants of political stability are insignificant. Based on these results, possible recommendations for refined government policies can be suggested.

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THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS: CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v7.1348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Rogneda Groznykh ◽

Igor Drapkin ◽

Oleg Mariev

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

This research paper is devoted to analysis of various institutional factors as determinants of foreign direct investment (further – FDI) inflows to different countries. The objective of the research is to estimate the effect of institutions on FDI inflows. The analysis is provided on a database of cross-country FDI inflows on 72 countries FDI-importers and 112 countries FDI-exporters in the period from 2001 to 2016. It is supposed in the paper that the impact of institutional factors might be different for the groups of developed and developing countries; since developed economies have higher institutional indicators, they tend to attract larger amounts of foreign direct investment compared to developing economies, where institutional development is at the lower level. The estimation is based on the gravity approach, which considers the positive effects of countries’ GDP and the negative effect of the distance between them. The main method used for the econometric estimation is the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) regression, which is considered to be one of the adequate methods for estimating such data. During the research the problems of zero-observations and correlation between institutional indicators are solved. The results have shown that higher quality of institutions tends to attract more foreign direct investment to a country. Thus, institutions in developed countries have positive and significant impact on FDI attraction. At the same time, the analysis of developing countries has shown that some institutions have less significant influence on the FDI inflows. Based on the results of the research, possible recommendations for government policy on institutional improvement can be suggested.

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Globalization and the Quality of Asian and Non-Asian Jobs

Asian Development Review ◽

10.1162/adev_a_00020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 163-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert J. Flanagan ◽

Niny Khor

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Labor Rights ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Labor Conditions ◽

Per Capita ◽

Capita Income Growth ◽

The Impact ◽

Trade And Investment

This paper assesses the impact of international trade and investment flows on the evolution of working conditions and labor rights in Asian and non-Asian countries in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Labor conditions improved as globalization increased during this period. We find that real per capita income growth remains a powerful source of improved labor conditions, and the effect of trade on working conditions is mainly indirect through its impact on per capita gross domestic product (GDP). We find no evidence that eliminating trade barriers degrades labor conditions. We do find evidence that persistent differences in labor conditions between Asia and the rest of the world can be explained by differences in growth and international trade. Finally, we find no evidence that countries with poor labor conditions attract disproportionate flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Instead, FDI flows seem mainly influenced by considerations of market size, investment risks, and the share of trade in GDP. After holding those influences constant, Asia receives a comparatively small share of world FDI inflows.

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Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-23-40 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-40

Author(s):

I. V. Prilepskiy

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Exchange Rate Regime ◽

Macroeconomic Policies ◽

Panel Regressions ◽

Financial Account ◽

Currency Exposure ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandates. Significant positive impact of net external currency exposure on exchange rate flexibility and financial account liberalization is only found in the context of static models. This is probably due to the two-way links between incentives for external assets/liabilities accumulation and these macroeconomic policy tools.

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Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

10.26756/th.2020.158 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sally N. Youssef

Keyword(s):

Internal Migration ◽

Low Income ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Migration Studies ◽

Rural Urban Migration ◽

Low Income Women ◽

The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

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The Impact Of The Economic Determinants On FDI Inflows In Developing Countries:, Algeria As A Model In The Period 1990 - 2017

10.35658/1445-010-002-007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Larbaoui manel ◽

Filali Boumediene

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

The Impact

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Evaluating polymer interplay after hot water pretreatment to investigate maize stem internode recalcitrance

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-02015-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amandine Leroy ◽

Xavier Falourd ◽

Loïc Foucat ◽

Valérie Méchin ◽

Fabienne Guillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Structural Features ◽

Hot Water ◽

Condensed State ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Water Pretreatment ◽

Hot Water Pretreatment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Biomass recalcitrance is governed by various molecular and structural factors but the interplay between these multiscale factors remains unclear. In this study, hot water pretreatment (HWP) was applied to maize stem internodes to highlight the impact of the ultrastructure of the polymers and their interactions on the accessibility and recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic biomass. The impact of HWP was analysed at different scales, from the polymer ultrastructure or water mobility to the cell wall organisation by combining complementary compositional, spectral and NMR analyses. Results HWP increased the kinetics and yield of saccharification. Chemical characterisation showed that HWP altered cell wall composition with a loss of hemicelluloses (up to 45% in the 40-min HWP) and of ferulic acid cross-linking associated with lignin enrichment. The lignin structure was also altered (up to 35% reduction in β–O–4 bonds), associated with slight depolymerisation/repolymerisation depending on the length of treatment. The increase in $${T}_{1\rho }^{H}$$ T 1 ρ H , $${T}_{HH}$$ T HH and specific surface area (SSA) showed that the cellulose environment was looser after pretreatment. These changes were linked to the increased accessibility of more constrained water to the cellulose in the 5–15 nm pore size range. Conclusion The loss of hemicelluloses and changes in polymer structural features caused by HWP led to reorganisation of the lignocellulose matrix. These modifications increased the SSA and redistributed the water thereby increasing the accessibility of cellulases and enhancing hydrolysis. Interestingly, lignin content did not have a negative impact on enzymatic hydrolysis but a higher lignin condensed state appeared to promote saccharification. The environment and organisation of lignin is thus more important than its concentration in explaining cellulose accessibility. Elucidating the interactions between polymers is the key to understanding LB recalcitrance and to identifying the best severity conditions to optimise HWP in sustainable biorefineries.

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