scholarly journals Effect of pollinator size on seed set in Lamium album var. barbatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Hattori ◽  
Yoko Tamada ◽  
Takao Itino
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Corolla Length ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Lamium Album

Background and aims – Previous researchers have demonstrated that geographic variation in pollinator community composition can generate diversity in the floral traits of animal-pollinated plants. Our study focused on the bumblebee-pollinated white dead-nettle Lamium album var. barbatum. Geographic variation in corolla length of this species is known to be correlated with regional pollinator size. The aim of this study is to clarify whether size-matching between flower and pollinator affects seed set in L. album.Material and methods – In the present study, we investigated two L. album populations on Mount Norikura, central Japan. We determined the pollinator community composition and corolla length during the flowering period of L. album and recorded seed set after a single visit by different pollinator categories.Key results – We observed that the main pollinators of L. album were bumblebee queens and workers. Bumblebee queens visited flowers more frequently than workers during peak flowering. Furthermore, size-matching between flowers and bumblebee queens, but not workers, strongly promoted seed set. These results suggest that L. album flower size is adapted to bumblebee queens, the main pollinator during peak flowering season in our study sites.

Variation in maturity, stolon development and frost resistance of Glycine javanica

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
HJ Kiers
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Discontinuous Variation ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Maturity Type ◽  
Stolon Development

Introductions of G. javanica showed wide variation in flowering time, seed set, seed yield, stolon development, and frost resistance at Lawes in south-eastern Queensland. The discontinuous variation in flowering time of 50 introductions over 103 days at Lawes has enabled very early, early, midseason, and late maturity types to be defined. These maturity classes hold equally well when applied at 'Lansdown' in north Queensland. With the exception of C.P.I. 25336, only very early and early introductions set seed in large areas of south-eastern Queensland where frosts are experienced in June and July. C.P.I. 25336, an early variety with an extended flowering period, did not set seed before the first heavy frost on June 24, 1961. The association of maturity type, stolon development, and frost resistance with the country of origin of the introductions is mentioned and the significance of these characters in adapting G. javanica to Australian conditions is discussed.

Comparative Study of Airborne Pollen from the Northern to the Southern of Tunisia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hadj Hamda ◽  
A. Ben Dhiab ◽  
M. Msallem ◽  
A. Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Study Sites

Aerobiology is a multidisciplinary science dealing with biological particles in the atmosphere generated by natural activities during flowering season. Airborne pollen is now the main studied biological structure which is used as a reliable tool to study plant phenology, plant distribution changes and prediction of crop production. The main aims of this work is to determine the distribution of the different spring flowering species from the North to the South of Tunisia and to establish the pollen spectrum of three regions Mornag (North), Menzel M’hiri (Centre) and Chaal (South) in 2017. Airborne pollen data were collected using three volumetric Hirst-type spore traps placed in Mornag (36°39N; 10°16E), Menzel M’hiri (35°38N; 10°41E) and Chaal (34°34N; 10°19E) during olive flowering season. The highest pollen index was recorded in the north (Mornag, 6487.1) corresponding mainly to 18 different pollen types emitted by anemophilous species with an important presence of Cupressus pollen type having the highest contribution. Lower pollen amounts were recorded in Menzel M’hiri (5983.8) and Chaal (925.3). Olea eurpoeae was the most presented pollen type in these regions. However comparing the different study sites we can note a large distribution of some taxa from north to the south. The main common taxa were Olea europaea, Cupressaceae, Poaceae and Amaranhaceae. Their atmospheric concentrations varied also between the regions. Individual pollen index showed a sharp heterogeneity between the taxa in the same region in one hand and between the study sites in the other hand, thus a statistical analysis was performed to define the main group of taxa according to their individual pollen index. Flowering phenology of the main common taxa was also established.

scholarly journals Diversity of Wild Bees along Elevational Gradient in an Agricultural Area in Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Widhiono ◽  
Eming Sudiana ◽  
Darsono Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Study Sites

Increases in mean temperature affect the diversity and abundance of wild bees in agricultural ecosystems. Pollinator community composition is expected to change along an elevational gradient due to differences in the daily ambient temperature. This study investigated the diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agricultural area along an elevational gradient in Central Java, Indonesia. Wild bees were collected using a sweep net in 40 green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation sampling locations at seven different elevations (8, 108, 224, 424, 644, 893, and 1017 m above sea level). Species diversity was determined using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. We identified 932 individuals from 8 species of wild bee belonging to 3 families. The family Apidae was predominant, with 6 species, while only 1 species was found from each of Megachilidae and Halictidae. Across the study sites, diversity increased with increasing elevation (H′= 1.4,D= 0.25, andE= 0.78 at low elevation toH′= 2.04,D= 0.13, andE= 0.96 at high elevation), and higher numbers of species were found at middle and high elevations. Species richness and abundance increased linearly with increasing elevation, and species diversity was highest at middle elevations.

scholarly journals Flowering phenology of Catopsis compacta (Bromeliaceae), a dioecious epiphyte in an oak forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Jeanett Escobedo-Sarti ◽  
Demetria Mondragón
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Sexual System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
One Year

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Knowledge of the flowering phenology of species with an epiphytic habit and a dioecious sexual system is scarce.</p><p><strong>Questions:</strong> We studied the flowering phenology of a population of the dioecious epiphytic bromeliad, <em>Catopsis</em> <em>compacta</em>, in an oak forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, to answer the following questions: 1) what type of flowering period is exhibited by this population of <em>C. compacta</em>? 2) what is the degree of synchrony between the male and female flowering periods? and 3) what is the flowering synchrony index of the population?</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In February 2006, in a 20 m × 20 m plot, we marked and measured 151 individuals of <em>C. compacta</em> ≥ 10 cm in height (minimum reproductive size). We recorded the number of flowers and fruits present in each individual every month for one year.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Our results showed that the flowering period in both sexes lasted for three months (May–July). Only 23 marked individuals flowered (15.23 %): of these 12 (52.17 %) were female and 11 (47.83 %) were male. The index of synchrony between females and males was 0.958 ± 0.013 and the flowering synchrony index of the population was 0.833 ± 0.189.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The high flowering synchrony between the sexes, together with a flowering season that coincided with the period of highest rainfall when the number of arthropods (potential pollinators) is the highest, could favor breeding and, therefore, reproductive success.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating Native Bee Communities and Nutrition in Managed Grasslands

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
D S Stein ◽  
D M Debinski ◽  
J M Pleasants ◽  
A L Toth
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Bee Abundance

Abstract Native pollinators are important for providing vital services in agroecosystems; however, their numbers are declining globally. Bees are the most efficient and diverse members of the pollinator community; therefore, it is imperative that management strategies be implemented that positively affect bee community composition and health. Here, we test responses of the bee and flowering plant communities to land management treatments in the context of grasslands in the upper Midwestern United States, a critical area with respect to bee declines. Twelve sites were selected to examine floral resources and wild bee communities based on three different types of grasslands: tallgrass prairie remnants, ungrazed restorations, and grazed restorations. Total bee abundance was significantly higher in ungrazed restorations than remnants, but there were no significant differences among grasslands in community composition or Shannon diversity. Across the three grassland types we also examined mass and lipid stores as nutritional health indicators in three sweat bees (Halictidae), Augochlora pura, Agapostemon virescens, and Halictus ligatus. Although there were no differences in lipid content, total average bee mass was significantly higher in Ag. virescens collected from ungrazed restorations as compared to remnants. Floral abundance of native and non-native species combined was significantly higher in grazed restorations compared to remnants and ungrazed restorations. However, ungrazed restorations had higher abundance and richness of native flowering ramets. These data suggest that bee abundance and nutrition are driven by high abundance of native flowering plant species, rather than total flowering plants.

scholarly journals Cultural Divergence Within Novel Song in The Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile Atricapillus)

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Gammon ◽  
Myron C. Baker ◽  
John R. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Acoustic Structure ◽  
Fort Collins ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Riparian Corridor

Abstract Geographic variation in learned vocalizations is commonly attributed, in part, to imperfect song learning, but rarely has this been documented. Additionally, we know little about how spatial structure of populations affects geographic divergence in song. Using novel fee-bee song in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Fort Collins, Colorado, we investigated both of those concepts by recording songs from juveniles at the time of natal dispersal and from adults at study sites along a continuous riparian corridor and in small isolated populations north of Fort Collins. Acoustic differences within juveniles' songs corresponded to acoustic differences distinguishing the songs of adults from separate study sites. We also found more acoustic divergence among the small isolated populations than among the continuously distributed riparian populations, and we found that the song-type grouping most similar in acoustic structure to the stereotyped continental fee-bee diverged the least. These findings suggest that song variants introduced by developing juveniles can indeed account for geographic variation and that song diverges more in small isolated populations. Divergencia Cultural en los Cantos Aprendidos en Poecile atricapillus

scholarly journals Comparative reproductive biology of the six species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Hong Kong, South China

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai-chit Ng ◽  
Richard T Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Visitation Rate

Six rhododendron species grow wild in Hong Kong: Rhododendron farrerae Tate and Rhododendron simsii Planch. are common and widespread, Rhododendron moulmainense Hook. f. is restricted, and Rhododendron championiae Hook. f., Rhododendron hongkongense Hutch., and Rhododendron simiarum Hance are rare. The length and timing of the flowering period varied between species, but peak flowering for all was between late February and early May, when weather is variable and unpredictable. All species were more or less self-sterile, had sucrose-dominated nectar, and were visited by diverse insects, of which Apis cerana, Bombus eximius, and Xylocopa spp. are the major pollinators. Seeds of all species, except R. simiarum, had a light requirement for germination. There were large differences between species in the pollen/ovule ratio (176-1343), daily nectar production (0.9-38.7 µL per flower), large bee visits (0.35-4.28 per flower per 100 h) and total visits (0.92-14.53), mean seed production per flower (2-135) and per plant (100 - 14 800), and mean seed weight (0.11-0.45 mg). The large-bee visitation rate was significantly correlated across species with mean daily nectar production and mean seed set. The two common species had the smallest flowers, lowest nectar production, lowest pollen/ovule ratios, fewest large bee visitors, and produced fewest seeds.Key words: breeding system, China, pollination, rarity, Rhododendron, seeds.

Prostanthera junonis Conn (LAMIACEAE); is recovery possible?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Tierney ◽  
C. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Recovery Planning ◽  
South Wales

Prostanthera junonis is an endangered plant from the Somersby plateau west of Gosford, New South Wales. Most populations occur in sites modified by clearing or adjacent to developments. This paper examines the current status and recovery efforts for this species in the light of research to date. Studies undertaken indicate that the species has the reproductive ecology expected of a colonising species. Autogamy, a low pollen/ovule ratio, higher seed set in open sites compared with densely vegetated sites, clonal growth, a long flowering period and flowering by young plants were recorded for the species. It is predicted that these reproductive traits should help the population recover from clearing. Comments on recovery planning are made.

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