The impact of thyroid function on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome 
in obese children and adolescents

Background: Obesity is the main risk factor for essential hypertension (EH) in childhood. The O.Si.Me. study (Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in children and adolescents) evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constitutive traits in a sample of obese children and adolescents living in Campania, southern Italy. Patients and methods: Four hundred and fifteen children and adolescents consecutively referred to the National Health Service participating Outpatient Clinics for minor health problems and found to have a Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score > 2.0 were enrolled in the study. The entire sample was screened for MetS, which was defined as the presence of at least 2 of the following alterations in addition to obesity: fasting hyperglycemia, low levels of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and EH. The present analysis evaluated the clinical characteristics of the O.Si.Me subgroup of EH participants (systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 95 th percentile for age, gender and height) as compared with normotensive participants. Results: The prevalence of EH in the O.Si.Me population was 23.6 % (98/415, 48M and 50F.) and two-thirds of the EH participants met the MetS diagnostic criteria. The EH participants featured serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels significantly higher compared with normotensive ones (11.6±0.6 vs. 9.5±0.4 μIU/ml, p = 0.014; 2.6±0.1 vs. 2.2±0.1, p = 0.028 for insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively). These differences were common to boys and girls and remained significant after correction for age, pubertal stage, body weight, length, BMI, gestational age at birth, duration of breastfeeding and anthropometric parental parameters. Accordingly, children and adolescents with EH had a a relative risk of being insulin resistant (defined as a HOMA-IR ≥2.5) significantly greater compared to those without. Moreover, they exhibited higher serum creatinine levels (53.8±7.1 vs. 35.4±6.8 μmol/l, p=0.025) accounting for gender and body weight. Conclusions: More than a quarter of obese children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EH in the Campania region in southern Italy. These obese boys and girls have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and apparently an initial reduction in renal function compared with obese children and adolescents with normal BP.

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Metabolic Syndrome in Italian Obese Children and Adolescents: Stronger Association with Central Fat Depot than with Insulin Sensitivity and Birth Weight

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.4061/2011/257168 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Claudia Brufani ◽

Danilo Fintini ◽

Ugo Giordano ◽

Alberto Enrico Tozzi ◽

Fabrizio Barbetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Obesity Index ◽

Central Fat ◽

Fat Depot

Aim. To evaluate whether body fat distribution, birth weight, and family history for diabetes (FHD) were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents.Methods. A total of 439 Italian obese children and adolescents (5–18 years) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: prepubertal and pubertal. MetS was diagnosed according to the adapted National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Birth weight percentile, central obesity index (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (ISI), and disposition index were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine variables associated with MetS.Results. The prevalence of MetS was 17%, with higher percentage in adolescents than in children (21 versus 12%). In the overall population, central obesity index was a stronger predictor of MetS than insulin sensitivity and low birth weight. When the two groups were considered, central fat depot remained the strongest predictor of MetS, with ISI similarly influencing the probability of MetS in the two groups and birth weight being negatively associated to MetS only in pubertal individuals. Neither FHD nor degree of fatness was a significant predictor of MetS.Conclusion. Simple clinical parameters like increased abdominal adiposity and low birth weight could be useful tools to identify European obese adolescents at risk for metabolic complications.

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Presence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome determinants in indian obese children and adolescents: according to national cholesterol education program (ncep) (atpiii) criteria

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research ◽

10.24327/ijrsr.2017.0803.0093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 16180-16186

Author(s):

Kulshretha Himani ◽

◽

Gupta Vani ◽

Gupta Vandana ◽

Mishra Supriya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Education Program ◽

National Cholesterol Education Program ◽

Obese Children

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Low insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome in Chinese nondiabetic obese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-016-0275-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shuang Liang ◽

Yanyan Hu ◽

Caihong Liu ◽

Jianhong Qi ◽

Guimei Li

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Growth Factor ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional

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Thyroid Function in Obese Children and Adolescents and Its Association with Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Prospect in Pediatric Diseases Medicine ◽

10.1007/5584_2016_232 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 33-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Małgorzata Rumińska ◽

Ewelina Witkowska-Sędek ◽

Anna Majcher ◽

Beata Pyrżak

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Obese Children

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The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Plantar Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Liliana Catan ◽

Elena Amaricai ◽

Roxana Ramona Onofrei ◽

Calin Marius Popoiu ◽

Emil Radu Iacob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Time Integral ◽

Systems Software ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

The Impact

We aimed to synthesise the results of previous studies addressing the impact of overweight and obesity on plantar pressure in children and adolescents. An electronic search of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus database, with keywords: “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “obesity”; “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “obesity”, “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “overweight”, “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “overweight”. Twenty-two articles were included in the review and the following data were recorded: authors, publication year, type of technology (systems, software) for the determination of plantar pressure, study characteristics. Most of the articles used dynamic plantar pressure determination with only four using static plantar pressure measurement. Using ultrasonography with static plantar pressure determination, the correlation between structural and functional changes in the feet of obese children. In overweight and obese children and adolescents, important findings were recorded: higher contact area, increased maximum force beneath the lateral and medial forefoot, increased pressure–time integral beneath the midfoot and 2nd–5th metatarsal regions. Significantly increased foot axis angle and significantly flatter feet were observed in obese subjects in comparison to their normal-weight counterparts. The obese children presented increased midfoot fat pad thickness, with decreased sensitivity of the whole foot and midfoot.

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