Fundamentals of Chinese Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Shuming
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Intellectual Journey ◽  
Liang Shuming ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Chinese culture, to readers of English, is somewhat veiled in mystery. Fundamentals of Chinese Culture, a classic of great insight and profundity by noted Chinese thinker, educator and social reformist Liang Shuming, takes readers on an intellectual journey into the five-thousand-year-old culture of China, the world’s oldest continuous civilization. With a set of "Chinese-style" cultural theories, the book well serves as a platform for Westerners' better understanding of the distinctive worldview of the Chinese people, who value family life and social stability, and for further mutual understanding and greater mutual consolidation among humanities scholars in different contexts, dismantling common misconceptions about China and bridging the gap between Chinese culture and Western culture. As a translation of Liang Shuming’s original text, this book pulls back the curtain to reveal to Westerners a highly complex and nuanced picture of a fascinating people.

“Head” Related Phrases In Chinese Language And Their Semantics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (08) ◽  
pp. 621-630
Author(s):  
Tair Akimov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Practical Life

Everyone knows that phraseological units are the most popular genre of oral folk art, which was formed as a result of life observations of the ancestors. Learning and analyzing Chinese phraseology allow us to better understand the inner world of the Chinese nation. This article reveals and semantically analyzes aspects of the word “head” that are closely related to Chinese culture. The worldview, deep logical thoughts, feelings, superstitions, lifestyle and environment of the Chinese people are described in phraseological expressions in a concise and clear form. This article discusses the semantics and features of Chinese-language phraseological phrases associated with the word “head”. Chinese-language phrases associated with “head” express meanings such as wisdom and ignorance, process of thinking, cunning,sagacity, and planning. Phraseological units in Chinese linguistics are closely related to practical life and determine such features as philosophical and ideological thinking, logical observation. Taking into account the above, the article provides a comparative analysis of phraseological units related to “head” in Chinese and Uzbek languages. The figurative meanings of the word “head” are being revealed, semantic connections and semantic structure of phrases in the sentence are in the process of learning. Chinese phraseological expressions are poorly studied in Uzbek-Chinese studies. We hope that this work will provide practical assistance to our young people who are learning Chinese.

scholarly journals The Missionary as Cultural Mediator: Alexander Don and the Chinese and European Communities in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Luke Stephen Tysoe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cultural Mediator ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

<p>Missionaries to China, by virtue of their positions and knowledge, frequently became important channels of information between cultures. They transmitted Christianity and Western learning to Chinese people while simultaneously describing China to home audiences through their writings and public speaking. This thesis examines how Alexander Don, Presbyterian missionary to the New Zealand Chinese in Otago from 1879 to 1913, performed similar functions as a "cultural mediator". For most of his career, Don was one of the most significant links between Chinese and European people in New Zealand. He developed a relationship with the Chinese community while simultaneously describing Chinese culture to Europeans in his published reports. While Don's missionary career has been extensively documented, there have been no studies of his significance from the perspective of cross-cultural dialogue and exchange. In this thesis I will discuss the ways that Don acted as a cultural mediator, as well as the factors that impelled him to do so. I will make an in-depth investigation of Don's presentation of Chinese culture to European readers through his mission reports, and how this image changed over the course of his career. The picture Don painted was both motivated and influenced by his mission aims, his growing understanding of Chinese culture, and his developing rapport with Chinese people. In order to demonstrate that Don was unique as a cultural mediator in New Zealand, I will compare him to other sources of information on Chinese culture. It will be shown that he provided very different data and opinions from those conveyed by secular writers and authors, and that his descriptions were generally more detailed than those of other missionaries to the New Zealand Chinese and New Zealand missionaries in China. Don will also be compared to more well-known China missionaries, in order to show that he was similar to them in terms of educating Westerners about the East. Finally, I will weigh the impact of Don's cultural mediation activities. Although he gained few converts, he played a crucial role in improving Sino-European understanding and relations. In the final analysis, Don had a greater impact in these areas than he did in the field of evangelism.</p>

Why are Chinese ethics declining?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-453
Author(s):  
Di Shang ◽  
Guanchu Liu ◽  
Shixiong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Chinese Ethics ◽  
Individual Ethics ◽  
Spontaneous Evolution

Disorder seems inevitable when a social system changes. The Soviet Union’s collapse provided a recent example, and China is now providing a new example. During China’s transformation from a communist society with a centrally planned economy to a market-based socialist society, “ethical decline” has become an increasingly serious issue, and one that has high social and economic costs. Historical experience from many cultures shows that this ethical decline is not inherent to Chinese culture. Chinese ethics are being compromised by partnerships between government officials and businessmen who benefit at the expense of society because of a lack of monitoring of such relationships during China’s radical institutional change. This growing problem poses serious risks to China’s social stability and economic development. To solve the problem, it will be necessary to establish a sound legal framework and more effective monitoring and enforcement, rather than hoping for spontaneous evolution of stronger individual ethics.

scholarly journals Zhongqiu Festival in Hwie Ing Kiong temple, Madiun

Bambuti ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Anitia Octantiar Maunardani ◽  
C. Dewi Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Temple

Abstract. This paper discusses about one of Chinese festival, namely Moon Cake Festival. This festival is celebrated by Chinese people in Madiun, East Java in Hwie Ing Kiong temple. At Hwie Ing Kiong temple the Zhong Qiu festival is still held as a form of maintaining Chinese culture, and inherit to their future generation. Through the ritual id dedicated to Mazupo, the sea guardian deity as a main deity in this temple and also to the moon deity, Chinese people in Madiun maintain the existence of this festival. The ritual is held in night after that people enjoy the moon cake outside the temple. The festival still exist up to now because it is well acculturated with local culture.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Innovation: Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture and Sinicization of Marxism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Jingkang Yu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Chinese Traditional Culture ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture

China’s excellent traditional culture has its own intrinsic value, in the process of Marxism in China, the Chinese communists will Marxist theory and this value combined, not only makes the value of China’s excellent traditional culture to the extreme, but also to their own development added new elements and vitality; Marxism was introduced into China and became Sinicized Marxism. From the perspective of culture, it mainly benefited from the cultural soil and cultural context provided by the excellent traditional Chinese culture, which enabled the Chinese people to understand and disseminate the content of Marxist theory through various forms and channels. The excellent Chinese traditional culture has made its own contribution to the development of Sinicization of Marxism, which also provides a good opportunity for inheriting and developing the excellent Chinese traditional culture.

scholarly journals Bestia Triumphans: Enrique Stanko Vráz in Beijing in 1901

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Iveta Nakládalová
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Boxer Rebellion

This study focuses on a description of the Boxer Rebellion in Beijing, in the first months of 1901, written by E. S. Vraz during his second journey to China. Enrique Stanko Vraz (1860–1932) was a Czech naturalist and explorer, renowned for his travels to Africa, Latin America, and Asia, which he depicted in a series of books addressed to a broader public. His travelogue on Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion is particularly engaging, since it shows the country in the midst of great turmoil and chaos, just after the uprising had reached its climax. It is also extremely interesting from the ethnographical and anthropological perspective, because Vraz not only comments on the activities of the allied forces in China, but he also describes the Chinese people, their customs, Chinese culture and society, and in doing so develops an interpretation of the kingdom, governed by the dichotomy between ‘civilization’ and modernity, on one hand, and ‘barbarism’ and obscurantism, on the other. Vraz’s narrative therefore seems to be inexorably bound to an ethnocentric paradigm, so characteristic of travel writing at the beginning of the 20th century. I argue, however, that this statement is oversimplifying, and that Vraz’s text is self-aware of these antagonisms and therefore defies any straightforward reading.

scholarly journals Life After a Sports Career: the Case of Polish Ex-fencers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kucharska ◽  
Stanisław Witold Kłopot
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Polish Society

Abstract The present study focuses on the issue of the achievement of stability in life by former amateur fencers in the context of post-communist Polish society. The main aim of the study was an analysis of non-sport spheres of life of former fencers, such as occupation, material situation, family life, and health. The sample consisted of 51 former Polish fencers. A diagnostic survey was conducted with the use of the questionnaire technique. It was revealed that the subjects successfully achieved social stability after they retired from sports. However, since they had been amateur athletes, they had been forced to choose appropriate strategies and actions during their sports careers to ensure professional, economic, and family stability in their future lives. Those who experienced difficulties in combining the role of athlete with other social roles were most often forced to give up fencing. The former fencers observe a multidirectional impact of sports on all aspects of their lives.

scholarly journals Motivational Tendency Differences Between the Pre-qin Confucianism and Legalism by Psycholinguistic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Miaorong Fan ◽  
Feng Huang ◽  
Tingshao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Political Methodology ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Among the hundred schools of thought that flourished during the pre-Qin era, Confucianism and Legalism are the most important ones as their thoughts cast a longstanding influence on the Chinese culture—cultural-psychological formation of the Chinese people. Most of the previous researches focused on analyzing the similarities and differences of the thoughts of Confucianism and Legalism, and few of them analyzed their motivational tendencies. This paper conducted a word frequency analysis of pre-Qin Confucian and Legalist classics with CC-LIWC, an independently developed program for classical text analysis, and made comparative research into the motivational tendencies of the two schools of thought in terms of psycholinguistic differentials. According to our research results, the use of words representing power (M = 0.1377, SD = 0.0104, p = 0.014) and reward (M = 0.0151, SD = 0.0042, p = 0.037) is more frequent in Legalist classics than in Confucian classics, whereas the use of words representing affiliation (p = 0.066), risk (p = 0.086), and achieve (p = 0.27) shows no significant difference between Confucian and Legalist classics. This paper believes that both Confucianism and Legalism are mainly motivated by power, which is the most distinct feature of their motivational tendencies, and that Legalism is more motivated by power and reward than Confucianism; both Confucianism and Legalism are outcomes of the monarchy society with the former showing the reserved side of monarchy and the latter showing the uninhibited side of monarchy; an effective political methodology is absent in Confucianism, while utilitarianism constitutes the cornerstone of the political philosophy of Legalism.

الدين في عيون الصينيين المعاصرين وضرورة دعوتهم إلى الإسلام (Islam in the View of Contemporary Chinese and the Need to Invite Them to Islam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
يونس عبد الله ما تشنغ بين الصيني
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Openness ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Global Force ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Populous Country

تعد الصين أكبر دولة في العالم من حيث عدد سكانها إذ وصل العدد إلى ألف وثلاثمائة مليون نسمة، وهو يمثل أقل من ربع سكان العالم. وقد صارت هذه الدولة بعد الانفتاح السياسي والإصلاح الاقتصادي قوة عالمية تغزو العالم كله بمنتجاتها المتنوعة، الأمر الذي جعل العالم كله ينظر إليها بإعجاب وتقدير. ومع هذا التقدم الهائل في الجانب المادي أصبح الفراغ الروحي مشكلة كبيرة تقلق قادة الصين السياسيين ومفكريها، وقد أدى هذا الفراغ الروحي مع توفر وسائل إشباع الرغبات الجسدية إلى انتشار الفساد الأخلاقي على جميع المستويات بالرغم من سيادة الفكر الكنفوسى الواقعي على الثقافة الصينية بشكل عام. ومن هنا يحاول هذا البحث معرفة موقف الصينيين المعاصرين من الدين عامة، ومن الإسلام خاصة مستهدفا إلى التعرف على كيفية توصيل نور الإسلام إلى قلوبهم. والبحث يتكون من مقدمة، وأربعة مباحث، وخاتمة مع توصيات. وقد اعتمد الباحث فى جمع المعلومات على المنهج الوصفى والإستقرائى القائم على الملاحظة والتجربة كما اعتمد فى دراسة الموضوع على المنهج التحليلي والنقدي لبيان ضرورة القيام بدعوة الصينيين إلى الإسلام باعتباره المنقذ الوحيد من الضلال والفساد والهلاك. ومن أهم ما توصل إليه الباحث إثبات فشل المبادئ الشيوعية في توجيه سلوك الإنسان، وتنمية القيم، وتأكيد عظمة الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر في استقامة الإنسان، وتحسين صورته، وتحقيق السعادة الدائمة. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الدين، الصينيون المعاصرون، الدعوة، الانفتاح السياسي، الإصلاح الاقتصادي، الفكر الكنفوسى، المبادئ الشيوعية. Abstract China is the world's most populous country with a population of 1.3 billion, representing a quarter of the world's population. This country after political openness and economic reformation has become a global force that invades the whole world with its diverse products, which has made the whole world admired and appreciated China. With this tremendous progress on the material side, the spiritual vacuum has become a major problem for the political leaders and thinkers of China. This spiritual vacuum, with the means to satisfy physical desires, has led to the spread of moral corruption at all levels, despite the predominant Confucius thought of Chinese culture in general. Hence, this research attempts to explore the position of contemporary Chinese people of religion in general and Islam in particular, aiming to identify how to connect the light of Islam to their hearts. The research consists of an introduction, four questions, and a conclusion with recommendations. The researcher relied on the descriptive and extrapolation method based on observation and experiment. He also adopted the study of the subject on the analytical and critical method of explaining the need to invite the Chinese to Islam as the only savior of misguidance, corruption and destruction. One of the most important findings of the researcher is to prove the failure of the principles of Communism in guiding human behavior, developing values, and confirming the greatness of faith in Allah and the Last Day in the integrity of man, improving man’s image and achieving lasting happiness. Keywords: religion, contemporary Chinese, advocacy, political openness, economic reformation, Confucius thought, Communist principles.  

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