scholarly journals SEPARATION OF STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES FROM Stevia rebaudiana USING DIFFERENT AQUEOUS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Chong Saw Peng ◽  
Mustapha bin Akil ◽  
Norellia binti Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Highperformance Liquid Chromatography

Stevia rebaudiana has recently gained the attention of the food industry as one of the natural sweeteners. The sweet flavour is contributed by the glycoside compounds, especially the rebaudioside A and stevioside, which are the stevia main chemical markers. The aim of the work reported here was to compare the different extraction techniques of stevia leaves using different technologies such as the high pressure and ultrasonic on the extraction of steviol glycosides. In this paper, the extraction techniques yielding the highest glycosides from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana were determined using hot water extraction (HWE), pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The steviol glycoside yields were quantified by two chemical markers, rebaudioside A and stevioside of Stevia rebaudiana using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The result showed that the HWE managed to obtain 1,110 mg of steviol glycosides. The PLE obtained 294 mg steviol glycosides and the UAE obtained 427.5 mg steviol glycosides. As a conclusion, the results suggested the most efficient technique for stevia extraction in this study was the HWE.

scholarly journals Daily Light Integral Influences Steviol Glycoside Biosynthesis and Relative Abundance of Specific Glycosides in Stevia

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Evans ◽  
Veronica A. Vallejo ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry ◽  
Ryan M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Rebaudioside D ◽  
Light Integral

The biosynthesis of steviol glycosides is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. To evaluate the influence of total daily solar radiation or daily light integral (DLI) under long-day conditions on steviol glycoside concentration, we grew Stevia rebaudiana under ambient irradiance or varying levels of shading at different times of the year in both greenhouse and field environments, resulting in DLIs ranging from 3.55 to 20.31 mol·m−2·d−1 in the greenhouse and 10.32 to 39.7 mol·m−2·d−1 in the field. Total steviol glycoside concentration of selected leaves from greenhouse-grown plants increased as DLI increased up to ca. 10 mol·m−2·d−1, remaining constant with further increases in DLI, and was similar across the range of DLIs evaluated in the field. DLI influenced both the concentration and the relative proportions of specific steviol glycosides. Rebaudioside A concentration increased as DLI increased from 3.55 to 8.53 mol·m−2·d−1, remaining similar with further increases in DLI. Rebaudioside D and stevioside concentration of selected leaves from field-grown plants decreased by 22% and 13%, respectively, as DLI increased from 10.32 to 39.7 mol·m−2·d−1, while rebaudioside A and M concentrations remained similar across this DLI range. Collectively, these results indicate that the greatest influence of DLI on steviol glycoside concentration occurs under relatively low DLIs (<10 mol·m−2·d−1). However, higher DLIs can significantly affect the synthesis of minor glycosides of increasing commercial importance including rebaudioside D.

scholarly journals Soil Water Tension Irrigation Criteria Affects Stevia rebaudiana Leaf Yield and Leaf Steviol Glycoside Composition

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Parris ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Michael Qian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Water Tension

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is of interest for the production of steviol glycosides due to their noncaloric sweetening properties. Commercial stevia leaf production to date has focused on rebaudioside A and stevioside. Relatively little is known about the cultural practices necessary for the efficient production of stevia leaf and steviol glycosides. Irrigation management is an important agronomic technique that growers can use to obtain high yield while also pursuing water use efficiency (WUE). This trial investigated the effect that irrigation onset criteria measured as soil water tension (SWT) had on dry stevia leaf yields, steviol glycoside content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios. Two stevia cultivars, SW 107 and SW 129 (S&W Seed Company Inc., Fresno, CA), were subjected to SWT irrigation criteria of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kPa over a 57-day trial period at the Oregon State University (OSU) Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR. Harvested plant material was evaluated for dry leaf yield and content of several steviol glycosides. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant cultivar differences in leaf yield, leaf stevioside and rebaudioside A content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios (P = 0.05). Examining the data by ANOVA, dry leaf yield, stevioside percent, rebaudioside C percent, total steviol glycoside (TSG) percent, rebaudioside C yield, and TSG yield were significantly greater among the wetter (closer to 10 kPa) compared with the drier (closer to 80 kPa) SWT criteria treatments, yet a preferred treatment regime was not clearly evident. When comparing cultivars by regression analysis, there was a highly significant decrease in the stevioside content, and an increase in the ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside from wetter to drier irrigation onset criteria (due to lower stevioside), whereas the rebaudioside A content did not respond significantly to differing irrigation criteria. Increasing dry leaf productivity with wetter irrigation criteria (closer to 10 kPa), directly increased the total rebaudioside A yield also, which in turn could provide increased crop value to the grower. Irrigating near 10 kPa produced higher dry leaf yield and total rebaudioside A yield, than irrigating at drier criteria.

Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Additive Gene

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F2s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model

scholarly journals Dry Leaf and Steviol Glycoside Productivity of Stevia rebaudiana in the Western United States

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Parris ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Michael Qian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Harvest Strategy

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Paraguay, where it was used by the native Guarani peoples for centuries. Although steviol glycosides from stevia are powerful natural noncaloric sweeteners, stevia has been cultivated and commercially available only for the past 50 years. Cultural practices are still in development, and productivity potential in the United States is largely unknown. Currently commercial growers and processors worldwide are seeking to maximize the productivity of rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside. The trials reported here examined the effects of location, harvest strategy, and cultivar on stevia dry leaf yield, steviol glycoside content, and steviol glycoside yield. Six or seven stevia cultivars were grown for ≈5 months at four western U.S. locations, with an irrigation criterion of 20 kPa. Stevia at every location was subjected to two harvest strategies: either one harvest at the end of the season or two harvests, one midseason and another at the end of the season. The main plots at each location were the stevia cultivars, and the split plots were the harvest strategies in a randomized complete block, split-plot design with four replicates. Dry leaf yield, leaf steviol glycoside content, and leaf steviol glycoside yield varied by cultivar, location, and cultivar by location, but not by harvest strategy or interactions of harvest strategy with location or cultivar. Dry leaf yield averaged 4.12 Mg·ha−1 with significant differences by cultivar and location. One of the steviol glycosides, rebaudioside A yield averaged 300 kg·ha−1 with significant differences by cultivar and by interactions of location with cultivar. Leaf productivity was greater at Ontario, OR, than at Hanford, CA, Indio, CA, or Yuma, AZ. Dry leaf yield greater than 7 Mg·ha−1 and rebaudioside A yields greater than 500 kg·ha−1 were observed at Ontario. Stevia perenniated at Hanford and Indio, providing the option of multiyear harvests from a single planting.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Emilie Isidore ◽  
Hamza Karim ◽  
Irina Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
By Products

Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) the main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) and terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) from C. sativa by-products and their biological activities and (ii) the main extraction techniques for their recovery. It includes not only common techniques such as conventional solvent extraction, and hydrodistillation, but also intensification and emerging techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction or supercritical CO2 extraction. The effect of the operating conditions on the yield and composition of these categories of phenolic compounds and terpenes was discussed. A thorough investigation of innovative extraction techniques is indeed crucial for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenes from cannabis toward a sustainable industrial valorization of the whole plant.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽  
Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Hessam Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Extraction Techniques for High Value Compounds from Algae as Food Additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniye Akyil ◽  
Işıl İlter ◽  
Mehmet Koç ◽  
Figen Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Algae have been considered as a source of high value bioactive compounds including pigments, lipids, fatty acids, polysaccharides, antioxidants and minerals. These compounds serve as a source of nutrition for both humans and animals and as additives in food production. Conventional solvent and/or green extraction techniques are mostly applied to extract these compounds from algae biomass. In this review, paper the most frequently used green extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, subcritical water extraction and pulsed electric field extraction were investigated in terms of their process conditions, applications, advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Functional Ingredients from Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Šic Žlabur ◽  
Sandra Voća ◽  
Nadica Dobričević ◽  
Mladen Brnčić ◽  
Filip Dujmić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Abstract The aim of the present study was to reveal an effective extraction procedure for maximization of the yield of steviol glycosides and total phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity in stevia extracts. Ultrasound assisted extraction was compared with conventional solvent extraction. The examined solvents were water (100°C/24 h) and 70% ethanol (at 70°C for 30 min). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of steviol glycosides in the extracts obtained were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging capacity by 2, 2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzothialozine- sulphonic acid) assay were also determined. The highest content of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in stevia extracts were obtained when ultrasound assisted extraction was used. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was correlated with the total amount of phenolic compounds. The results indicated that the examined sonication parameters represented as the probe diameter (7 and 22 mm) and treatment time (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min) significantly contributed to the yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The optimum conditions for the maximum yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids were as follows: extraction time 10 min, probe diameter 22 mm, and temperature 81.2°C.

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