Chicken Bone as Chitin Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Zahraa A. Abdul Muhsin ◽  
◽  
Ahmed Saad Aldhamin ◽  
Shafik S. Shafik ◽  
Shafik S. Shafik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chicken Bone ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
State Of Research

Chitin extraction has been the interest of many researchers using it as biopolymer in many applications. Many approaches have been adopted in chitin extraction. The aim of this work isto prepare chitin from chicken bone, proposing a new approach, using all chicken bone as source of chitin and recycling this waste instead of accumulation as refuse. A chemical method was used in extractingchitin (deproteinization and demineralization).The obtained chitin was characterized byFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF).The best result obtained was in experiment E5,which are close to the standard results, but chitin extraction was 16.25% of the total weight of the chicken bone used in the experiment. Which is considered a high percentage compared to the state of research on chitin extraction from chicken feat.

Study of mixed crystals of the barium-strontium sulphate system using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 3603-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Křivý ◽  
J. Moravec ◽  
O. Vojtěch
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mixed Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Barium Strontium

scholarly journals Valorization of Byproducts of Hemp Multipurpose Crop: Short Non-Aligned Bast Fibers as a Source of Nanocellulose

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Sara Dalle Vacche ◽  
Vijayaletchumy Karunakaran ◽  
Alessia Patrucco ◽  
Marina Zoccola ◽  
Loreleï Douard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Seed Maturity

Nanocellulose was extracted from short bast fibers, from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants harvested at seed maturity, non-retted, and mechanically decorticated in a defibering apparatus, giving non-aligned fibers. A chemical pretreatment with NaOH and HCl allowed the removal of most of the non-cellulosic components of the fibers. No bleaching was performed. The chemically pretreated fibers were then refined in a beater and treated with a cellulase enzyme, followed by mechanical defibrillation in an ultrafine friction grinder. The fibers were characterized by microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction after each step of the process to understand the evolution of their morphology and composition. The obtained nanocellulose suspension was composed of short nanofibrils with widths of 5–12 nm, stacks of nanofibrils with widths of 20–200 nm, and some larger fibers. The crystallinity index was found to increase from 74% for the raw fibers to 80% for the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose retained a yellowish color, indicating the presence of some residual lignin. The properties of the nanopaper prepared with the hemp nanocellulose were similar to those of nanopapers prepared with wood pulp-derived rod-like nanofibrils.

Energy Band Gap Studies of CdS Nanomaterials

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinu Patidar ◽  
K.S. Rathore ◽  
N.S. Saxena ◽  
Kananbala Sharma ◽  
T.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Energy Band ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simple Chemical

The CdS nanoparticles of different sizes are synthesized by a simple chemical method. Here, CdS nanoparticles are grown through the reaction of solution of different concentration of CdCl2 with H2S. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms nano nature of CdS and has been used to determine the size of particle. Optical absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the energy band gap of these nanomaterials by using Tauc relation. Energy band gap ranging between 3.12 eV to 2.47 eV have been obtained for the samples containing the nanoparticles in the range of 2.3 to 6.0 nm size. A correlation between the band gap and size of the nanoparticles is also established.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction-tools for probing lipopolysaccharide and lipid a membranes from gram-negative bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Naumann ◽  
Christian Schultz ◽  
Jens Born ◽  
Fritz Rogge ◽  
Harald Labischinski
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Flexible Ligand Coordination Polymer [Co3(bpd)5.5(NCS)6(NH3)]n⋅2H2O(bpd= 1,4-bis (4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene)

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Yu Qi Liu ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xiao Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Ligand Coordination ◽  
Point Symbol

A novel metalorganic coordination polymer, namely [Co3(bpd)5.5(NCS)6(NH3)]n2H2O (1) (bpd=1,4-bis (4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 presents 2D[3,4,-connected 3-nodal net with the point symbol (4268210)(4462)(8210). In addition, four identical 2D single nets is interlocked with each other in parallel, thus directly leading to the formation of a polycatenated layer (2D2D).

ChemInform Abstract: Structure of KNaReH9 by Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopy.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
N. T. STETSON ◽  
K. YVON
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abstract Structure

scholarly journals Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1257-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Klekotka ◽  
Magdalena Rogowska ◽  
Dariusz Satuła ◽  
Beata Kalska-Szostko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Chemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical

Ferrite nanoparticles with nominal composition Me0.5Fe2.5O4 (Me = Co, Fe, Ni or Mn) have been successfully prepared by the wet chemical method. The obtained particles have a mean diameter of 11–16 ± 2 nm and were modified to improve their magnetic properties and chemical activity. The surface of the pristine nanoparticles was functionalized afterwards with –COOH and –NH2 groups to obtain a bioactive layer. To achieve our goal, two different modification approaches were realized. In the first one, glutaraldehyde was attached to the nanoparticles as a linker. In the second one, direct bonding of such nanoparticles with a bioparticle was studied. In subsequent steps, the nanoparticles were immobilized with enzymes such as albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase and trypsin as a test bioparticles. The characterization of the nanoparticles was acheived by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of the obtained biocomposites was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results show that in some cases the use of glutaraldehyde was crucial (albumin).

A new approach to the determination of crystallinity of polymers by X-ray diffraction

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Chung ◽  
R. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behavior of  HYP2O7·3H2O Electrical Properties of  HYP2O7

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Rahzelli Zrelli ◽  
Fathia Chehimi-Moumen ◽  
Dalila Ben Hassen-Chehimi ◽  
Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soft Chemistry ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract The synthesis of the diphosphate HYP2O7·3H2O was made via soft chemistry route from evaporation of aqueous solution at room temperature. The obtained compound, was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed a high purity phase. IR spectrum of this diphosphate revealed usual signals related to P2O7 diphosphate group and water molecules. The thermal decomposition of the synthesized product by DTA / TG proceeded through four stages leading to the formation of the Y2P4O13 as a final product. On the other hand, its decomposition by CRTA took place in three stages leading to the formation of the anhydrous diphosphate HYP2O7 as a final product. X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify these materials. Furthermore the electrical properties of the HYP2O7 were investigated through impedance complex analysis. Modest conductivity has been observed in this material at relatively medium temperature range. Activation energy of 0.67 and 1.44 eV, was deduced from the corresponding Arrhenius plot.The optical band gap of the title compound is calculated and found to be 2.71 eV.

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