Efficacy of plant oils against grain discolouration of rice under in vitro condition

Grain discolouration is an important constraint in reducing productivity of rice. Curvularia lunata and Exserohilum rostratum are two important pathogens responsible for it. An in vitro study was undertaken to test the efficacy of different plant oils against these pathogens. It revealed from the experiment using poison food technique that all the plant oils recorded a significant inhibition over control. Among the different concentration (1, 2 and 3%) of plant oils such as Eucalyptus, Neem Pungam, Coconut and Mahua oil were tested. The result revealed that eucalyptus oil (3%) recorded the complete mycelial inhibition of C. lunata (100 %) and E. rostratum (78%) followed by pungam oil (58.8 % of C. lunata), (52% of E. rostratum) and least mycelial growth were recorded by coconut oil (3%). Our findings suggest that the plant oils may be valuable as potential antifungal properties against grain discolouration of rice.

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Efficient and selective catalytic hydroxylation of unsaturated plant oils: a novel method for producing anti-pathogens

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00748-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Senan ◽

Binru Yin ◽

Yaoyao Zhang ◽

Mustapha M. Nasiru ◽

Yong‐Mei Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Functional Method ◽

Plant Oils ◽

Main Process ◽

Catalytic Method ◽

Novel Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Increasing Demand

AbstractWith the increasing demand for antimicrobial agents and the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, the exploitation of plant oils to partly replace antibiotic emerges as an important source of fine chemicals, functional food utility and pharmaceutical industries. This work introduces a novel catalytic method of plant oils hydroxylation by Fe(III) citrate monohydrate (Fe3+-cit.)/Na2S2O8 catalyst. Methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate (ML) was selected as an example of vegetable oils hydroxylation to its hydroxy-conjugated derivatives (CHML) in the presence of a new complex of Fe(II)-species. Methyl 9,12-di-hydroxyoctadecanoate 1, methyl-9-hydroxyoctadecanoate 2 and methyl (10E,12E)-octadecanoate 3 mixtures is produced under optimized condition with oxygen balloon. The specific hydroxylation activity was lower in the case of using Na2S2O8 alone as a catalyst. A chemical reaction has shown the main process converted of plantoils hydroxylation and (+ 16 Da) of OH- attached at the methyl linoleate (ML-OH). HPLC and MALDI-ToF-mass spectrometry were employed for determining the obtained products. It was found that adding oxidizing agents (Na2S2O8) to Fe3+ in the MeCN mixture with H2O would generate the new complex of Fe(II)-species, which improves the C-H activation. Hence, the present study demonstrated a new functional method for better usage of vegetable oils.Producing conjugated hydroxy-fatty acids/esters with better antipathogenic properties. CHML used in food industry, It has a potential pathway to food safety and packaging process with good advantages, fundamental to microbial resistance. Lastly, our findings showed that biological monitoring of CHML-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) inhibited growth of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in vitro study. The produced CHML profiles were comparable to the corresponding to previousstudies and showed improved the inhibition efficiency over the respective kanamycin derivatives.

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RELATIVE POTENCY OF ANTI-DIABETIC COSTUS SPECIOSUSPLANT EXTRACT IN MOUSE FIBROBLAST CELL LINE

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2790 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Bindu ◽

Rama Bhat ◽

Girish ◽

Krishna Prasad

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Relative Potency ◽

Major Pathway ◽

Chemical Structures

Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. PI3K pathway is the major pathway activated by insulin receptor (IR). It induces glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation. Hence metabolic assay was employed to assess glucose uptake based on the property of 3T3-L 1 cells to differentiate into adipocytes which can take up the glucose in medium due to the effect of insulin or insulin like molecules. The results of the current study showed that plants extract probably exerts its anti-diabetic properties by stimulating glucose uptake in adipocytes with significant inhibition of adipogenesis demonstrating reliable relative potency in comparision to the commercial insulin. The ability of existing therapies to target various aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome induces other metabolic abnormalities, chiefly those involved in lipid metabolism. In this preliminary in-vitro study Costusspeciosus plant extract demonstrated to have significant relative potency in comparison to commercial Insulin which can be exploited to treat diabetes using natural herbal extracts Current study leads researchers to elucidate the chemical structures, isolate active ingrediatents in the crude extract for such biological activities in reference to commercial and recombinant insulins.

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In-vitro evaluation of six bio-product against coriander stem gall disease

Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ◽

10.18805/bkap199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Munish Leharwan ◽

Meenu Gupta ◽

Sanjeev Leharwan

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

Cent Concentration ◽

Cow Urine ◽

Stem Gall ◽

Butter Milk ◽

Poison Food Technique

Stem gall of coriander caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger. is a highly devastating seed and soil borne pathogen in coriander and has emerged as one of the major disease causing substantial quantitative and qualitative losses. In the present studies, efficacy of six bio-products, namely, Neemazal, cow urine, butter milk, fresh milk, beejamrit and jeevamrit was screened against mycelial growth inhibition of P. macrosporus under in vitro conditions. Extracts of these bio-products were evaluated at three different concentrations (i.e 10, 20 and 30%) by poison food technique. Results revealed that that among the various bio-products evaluated against test pathogen, irrespective of concentration tested, all the bio-products resulted in significant inhibition in mycelial growth of test pathogen with neemazal giving the complete inhibition [100.00 % (90.00)] followed by fresh milk [30.66 % (28.44)] and butter milk [26.55 % (25.99)], though these treatments were statistically different from one another. Different concentrations (10 to 30 %) of bio-products, irrespective of the treatments showed that 30 per cent concentration of all bio-products was most efficacious in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen giving 69.95 per cent (36.77) growth inhibition. This was followed 20 and 10 per cent concentration of bio-products resulting in 55.58 per cent (32.49) and 45.53 per cent (16.30) growth inhibition, respectively. The result regarding evaluation of bio-products under in vitro conditions against the P. macrosporus showed that Neemazal treatment was most effective at all concentrations and completely inhibited the test fungus followed by 30 per cent fresh milk resulting in the mycelial growth inhibition of 51.60 per cent.

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Rabies Prophylactic and Treatment Options: An In Vitro Study of siRNA- and Aptamer-Based Therapeutics

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 881

Author(s):

Terence Peter Scott ◽

Louis Hendrik Nel

Keyword(s):

Strong Evidence ◽

Post Infection ◽

Treatment Options ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Selection Method ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Effective Prophylaxis

If the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030 is to be achieved, effective mass dog vaccination needs to be complemented by effective prophylaxis for individuals exposed to rabies. Aptamers and short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been successful in therapeutics, but few studies have investigated their potential as rabies therapeutics. In this study, siRNAs and aptamers—using a novel selection method—were developed and tested against rabies virus (RABV) in a post-infection (p.i.) scenario. Multiple means of delivery were tested for siRNAs, including the use of Lipofectamine and conjugation with the developed aptamers. One siRNA (N53) resulted in an 80.13% reduction in viral RNA, while aptamer UPRET 2.03 demonstrated a 61.3% reduction when used alone at 2 h p.i. At 24 h p.i., chimera UPRET 2.03-N8 (aptamer-siRNA) resulted in a 36.5% inhibition of viral replication. To our knowledge, this is the first study using siRNAs or aptamers that (1) demonstrated significant inhibition of RABV using an aptamer, (2) tested Lipofectamine RNAi-Max as a means for delivery, and (3) produced significant RABV inhibition at 24 h p.i. This study serves as a proof-of-concept to potentially use aptamers and siRNAs as rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) replacements or therapeutic options for RABV and provides strong evidence towards their further investigation.

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Perbandingan efektivitas beberapa pelarut terhadap serumen obturans secara in vitro di Makassar

Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana ◽

10.32637/orli.v42i1.35 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Syahrijuita S ◽

Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo ◽

Nani Iriani Djufri ◽

Riskiana Djamin

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Life Purpose ◽

Contact Duration ◽

Effective Contact ◽

One Way Anova

Background: Cerumen obturans is a pahtological condition which is not harmful to the patients but could cause ear numbness sensation, earache, hearing impairment, deafness and decreasing the quality of life. Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of six solvents, which were aquadest, NaCl 0,9%, coconut oil, olive oil, carboglycerin 10% and sodium docusate 0,5% againts cerumen obturans by means of in vitro study and to know the most effective contact duration of a solvent to liquefy cerumen. Method: The study is a laboratory experimental by using 30 specimens of solid cerumen, each weight 40 mg. The cerumen liquefaction was measured by Spectronic 21 spectrophotometer. The effectiveness of the solvents were tested with One Way Anova with alfa <0,05. Result: The spectrophotometer showed significant differentiations of effectiveness of the solvents in the 20th , 25th and 30th minutes, only in aquadest and NaCl 0,9% againts coconut oil dan olive oil. The effective duration of contact by in vitro study was = 20 minutes and tend to increase up till 30 minutes. In the 20th and 25 minutes, NaCl 0,9 % was the most effective solvent, while aquadest was most effective in the 30ththPerbandingan efektivitas beberapa pelarut minutes. Olive oil and coconut oil are less effective solvents. Conclusion: Water-based solvents were found more effective than lipid-based solvents. Key words: cerumen solvents, cerumen obturans, in vitro Abstrak : Latar belakang: Serumen obturans merupakan suatu keadaan patologis yang tidak membahayakan jiwa tetapi dapat mengakibatkan rasa penuh di telinga, nyeri, gangguan pendengaran dan ketulian serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas enam pelarut yaitu aquadest, NaCl 0,9%, minyak kelapa, minyak zaitun, karbogliserin 10% dan sodium dokusat 0,5% terhadap serumen obturans secara in vitro serta untuk mengetahui lama waktu kontak yang paling efektif suatu pelarut terhadap kelarutan serumen. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan 30 spesimen serumen obturans yang telah dipadatkan dengan berat masing-masing 40mg. Kelarutan serumen diukur menggunakan spektofotometer Spectronic 21. Perbandingan efektifitas pelarut diuji dengan menggunakan uji One Way Anova dengan alfa <0,05. Hasil: Didapatkan hasil bahwa efektivitas pelarut yang berbeda bermakna didapatkan pada menit ke-20, ke-25 dan ke-30 hanya antara aquadest dan NaCl 0,9 % terhadap minyak kelapa dan minyak zaitun menggunakan spektofotometer. Waktu kontak yang efektif secara in vitro adalah = 20 menit dan cenderung meningkat sampai batas 30 menit. Pada menit ke-20 dan ke-25, NaCl 0,9% merupakan pelarut paling efektif sedang pada menit ke-30 paling efektif adalah aquadest. Minyak zaitun dan minyak kelapa merupakan pelarut yang efektivitasnya paling rendah. Kesimpulan: Pelarut berbasis air lebih efektif dibanding pelarut berbasis lemak. Kata kunci: Pelarut serumen, serumen obturans, in vitro

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Integration of in silico and in vitro approach to reveal the anticancer efficacy of Virgin Coconut Oil

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v36i.415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Babita Pruseth ◽

Silvi Banerjee ◽

Amit Ghosh

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Anticancer Efficacy ◽

Target Proteins ◽

The Impact

Background: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has antioxidant properties and is being increasingly used as nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. It also has a long history of ethnopharmacological use. Anticancer effect of VCO has been reported in several articles. The main bottleneck of exploring the anticancer efficacy of VCO is the difficulty in identification and validation of target proteins and their regulated pathways. Aim: The work plan was in-silico analysis using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and STRING. CTD curated and integrated data for more than 5700 gene-disease and 2000 chemical-disease relationship. Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) from VCO like Lauric acid, Caprylic Acid, Capric Acid, and Myristic acid can target almost 17 cancer-associated proteins. Method: Using in silico and in vitro approach, an attempt was made to identify the target proteins and their pathways regulated by VCO. Result: We analyze curated and inferred VCO-gene expression data and illustrate the impact of VCO exposure on cancer-related gene network and molecular function. In enriched pathway analysis, it has been evident that all of them are the part of different cancer-associated pathways (Neoplasms, Digestive System Neoplasms, Urogenital Neoplasms, Liver Neoplasms). This response may mimic the biological response to VCO. In silico result was tested by in vitro study and VCO kill the Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (hepG2). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study and several published studies it is proposed that a VCO may have immense potential as a botanical product against cancer.

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In vitro screening of fungicides and tannins against fungal pathogens of jujube fruits

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v27i2.29325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MZ Hoque ◽

AM Akanda ◽

MIH Miah ◽

MKA Bhuiyan ◽

MG Miah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Plain Water ◽

Curvularia Lunata ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Fusarium Semitectum ◽

Poison Food Technique

The aim of this study to identify the effective fungicides for controlling major leaf and fruit diseases of Jujube caused by different fungal pathogens. An in vitro experiment was undertaken to screen ten fungicides and two Tannins against six important fungal pathogens of Jujube fruits which were Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium semitectum and Pestalotiopsis palmarum. Fungicides were Conza 5 EC (Hexaconazole), Folicur 250 EC (Tebuconazole) and Potent 250 EC (Propiconazole), Bavistin DF (Carbendazim), Kasumin 2% liquid (Kasugamycin), Rovral 50 WP (Iprodine), Matco 72 WP (Mancozeb 64% + Metalaxyl 8%), Geneb 80 WP (Mancozeb), Emivit 50 WP (Copper oxychloride) and Evavit 80 WG (Sulphur 80 WG). And two tannins were Chestnut Tannin and Quabracho Tannin. Plain water was used as control. Poison food technique was followed to conduct the experiment. Both Tannins did not show satisfactory inhibition of mycelial growth of any of the six fungal pathogens. The effectiveness of fungicides varied greatly with fungal species. The most effective fungicides were Folicur 250 EC followed by Potent 250 EC, Rovral 50 WP, Conza 5 WP and Bavistin DF. Folicur 250 EC caused 89.52% inhibition of mycelium growth of A. alternata and 100% growth inhibition in other five fungi. In addition, Potent 250 EC inhibited growth of L. theobromae, C. lunata, F. semitectum and P. palmarum by 100% and that of C. gloeosporioides by 91.79%. Complete growth inhibition of F. semitectum and P. palmarum was achieved with Bavistin DF. Furthermore, Conza 5 EC caused 100% growth inhibition in C. lunata and more than 90% in L. theobromae and F. semitectum.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 154-161, 2016

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ANTI-ELASTASE, ANTI-COLLAGENASE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE UNDERUTILIZED RED PITAYA PEEL: AN IN VITRO STUDY FOR ANTI-AGING APPLICATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.19048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramya Vijayakumar ◽

Siti Salwa Abd Gani ◽

Nor Fadzillah Mohd Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽

Aging Properties ◽

Peel Extract

Objective: To investigate the in vitro anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and antimicrobial activities of the red pitaya peel extract for cosmetic application focusing on skin aging.Methods: Extraction was performed by the reflux method for 103 minutes at 56°C with 82% aqueous ethanol solution and the red pitaya peel extract was evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Anti-elastase and anti-collagenase properties were evaluated using the drug discovery kits (neutrophil elastase colorimetric and matrix metalloproteinase-1 colorimetric, respectively). The antimicrobial potential was analyzed using agar well diffusion method against 10 selected microorganisms, and the presence or absence of the inhibition zones was identified.Results: The red pitaya peel extract exhibited remarkable inhibition percentage 87.62±0.05% and 96.92±0.02% for anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities, respectively. Red pitaya peel extract showed significant inhibition against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis B29 with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.0±0.3 mm.Conclusion: The excellent anti-aging properties displayed by the underutilized red pitaya peel extract highlighted its potential as a natural source of anti-aging agent for cosmetic formulations.

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Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine, Coconut Oil, Probiotics, and Ketoconazole onCandida albicansIsolated in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2016/7061587 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Beena Shino ◽

Faizal C. Peedikayil ◽

Shyamala R. Jaiprakash ◽

Gufran Ahmed Bijapur ◽

Soni Kottayi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Childhood Caries

Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is associated with early colonisation and high levels of cariogenic microorganisms. WithC. albicansbeing one of those, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutic agents against it. The study is aimed at isolatingCandidaspecies in children with ECC and at studying the antifungal effect of coconut oil, probiotics,Lactobacillus, and 0.2% chlorhexidine onC. albicansin comparison with ketoconazole.Materials and Methods. Samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs, swabbed on the tooth surfaces from children with ECC of 3 to 6 yrs and streaked on Sabouraud dextrose agar (HI Media) plates and incubated in a 5% CO2enriched atmosphere at 37°C for 24 hours.Candidawas isolated and its susceptibility to probiotics, chlorhexidine, ketoconazole, and coconut oil was determined using Disc Diffusion method.Results. The mean zone of inhibition for chlorhexidine was 21.8 mm, whereas for coconut oil it was 16.8 mm, for probiotics it was 13.5 mm, and for ketoconazole it was 22.3 mm. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (Chi-square value 7.42,Pvalue 0.06).Conclusion. Chlorhexidine and coconut oil have shown significant antifungal activity which is comparable with ketoconazole.

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Comparing the Antifungal Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel versus Different Types of Root Canal Medicaments at Different Time Intervals Using the Agar Diffusion Test: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6550054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mohamed El Sayed ◽

Nikta Ghanerad ◽

Zeinab Shabanpour ◽

Mahin Shabanpoor ◽

Fatemeh Rahimi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Significance Level ◽

Agar Diffusion Test

Aims. The purpose of this study was to compare the antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite gel to those of four intracanal medicaments at various time intervals. Materials and Methods. The agar well diffusion technique was utilized to test the antifungal activity of the following medicaments against Candida albinans (C. albicans): sodium hypochlorite gel, chlorhexidine gel, calcium hydroxide paste, Ledermix, and Diapex Plus. The inhibition zone related to each medicine was measured in millimeter after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation at 37°C. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games–Howell tests, at a significance level of P < 0.05 . Results. Except for Ledermix and Diapex Plus, which had no antifungal action, all of the medicaments showed varied inhibitory zones for C. albicans. At all periods, the NaOCl gel had the most significant inhibition zones, followed by the CHX gel and calcium hydroxide. At all time intervals, the NaOCl gel demonstrated comparable antifungal efficacy. When compared to a 24-hour time interval, the CHX gel showed an increased antifungal activity at the 48-hour and 72-hour intervals. Calcium hydroxide, on the other hand, showed a decrease in its antifungal activity at the 72-hour interval. Conclusion. The antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite gel was the highest among the investigated medicaments. Chlorhexidine gel's antifungal activity improved over time, whereas calcium hydroxide's antifungal activity declined. Diapex Plus and Ledermix did not have any antifungal properties.

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