scholarly journals Can You be Biologically Younger than Your Chronological Age? An Overview of Biological Ageing

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Shailaja Moodithaya ◽  
Shruthi Suvarna H I ◽  
Amrit Mirajkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

The ageing of the population is rapidly escalating worldwide irrespective of unpredictable health challenges like climate change, emerging infectious disease, a microbe that develops drug resistance. India is also experiencing rapid socioeconomic progress and urbanization and the result of this demographic transition is population ageing. Even though there is an increase in life expectancy, there is no increase in health span, and thus increased life expectancy leads to ‘expansion of morbidity'. Longer life expectancy with the expansion of morbidity could enforce a challenge to geroscience as well as a substantial health burden and a threat to the national economy.  In normal ageing, chronological age equates to biological age but certain disease conditions accelerate biological age. Similarly, intervention with physical activity, anti-ageing nutraceuticals would slow down the rate ageing process and provide powerful benefits for longevity. The current review article is based on MeSH and free-text terms in databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct.  This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of biological ageing with emphasis on the pathophysiology of ageing, quantification of biological ageing and the anti-ageing strategies. 

Normal Changes of Ageing

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
Peter Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

At a biological level, normal ageing or ‘senescence’ results in limitation of function, increased risk of disease and ultimately death. The pattern, onset and rate vary between individuals and appear not to be the result of a single overarching mechanism but instead that of a complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. As such ‘chronological age’ and ‘biological age’ often widely differ. The effects of the ageing process are becoming more important to consider as each generation passes, due to increased life expectancy and other demographic changes.

scholarly journals MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSIS OF MOUSE FRAILTY FOR PREDICTION OF BIOLOGICAL AGE AND LIFE EXPECTANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S903-S903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Kane ◽  
Michael B Schultz ◽  
Sarah Mitchell ◽  
Michael MacArthur ◽  
James Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Median Error

Abstract In mammals, the lack of accurate biomarkers for biological age is a current limitation to identifying novel aging interventions. Molecular biomarkers including DNA methylation hold promise but are invasive and currently expensive. The Frailty Index (FI) quantifies the accumulation of health-related deficits and is fast, cheap, and non-invasive. Studies have demonstrated that FI correlates with age and mortality risk in mice and humans. However, the FI has not been modelled to directly predict biological age or life expectancy. We tracked aging male C57BL/6 mice until their natural deaths, scoring them longitudinally with the FI. We find that FI score correlates with and is predictive of age and that some but not all parameters of the FI are individually well-correlated with age. To better predict chronological age, we performed an elastic net regression on the FI termed FRIGHT (Frailty Inferred Geriatric Health Timeline) Age. FRIGHT Age is a strong predictor of age (r2=0.73, median error=47.5 days), but is not superior to chronological age at predicting life expectancy. To better predict mortality, we built a random forest model termed the AFRAID (Analysis of Frailty and Death) score, which predicted survival at multiple ages (r2=0.375, median error = 46.4 days). The FRIGHT and AFRAID models were responsive to chronic treatment with enalapril (30mg/kg/day), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that extends healthspan, and methionine restriction, a dietary intervention that extends healthspan and lifespan. Our findings underscore the value of assessing non-invasive biomarkers for aging research and may help speed the identification of aging interventions.

scholarly journals Mortality indicators of COVID–19 in high burden states and cities of India: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Srinivas G. ◽  
Sivabakya T. K. ◽  
Rakesh A. ◽  
Valarmathi S. ◽  
Sudha Seshayyan
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 case-fatality and recovery rates would strengthen the knowledge base on the current trends of the epidemic's severity. During the outbreak, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) is commonly used in most countries. On average it raised from 3.4 percent (as of 25 February 2020) across countries to 7.0 percent (as of 21 April 2020) and then came down to 3.91 percent (as on 31st July 2020). This review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The articles were searched from databases like PubMed, the Cochrane library and Science Direct combining MeSH and free-text terms. In India, the states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh had higher CFR levels as against the southern states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu with significantly lower CFR. India's total number of COVID-19 fatalities per million population is one of the lowest in the world measuring 27.02 per million. Weekly death rate measures of India are lowest affecting 0.29 per 1000 inhabitants. Of the major cities of India, Chennai showed upward trend with a highest weekly death rate in the last week of July 2020, accounting for 2.02 deaths per 1000 inhabitants. This article attempts to provide an over view of key mortality indicators to measure COVID-19 deaths and assess the mortality trends of selected cities and states in India during the months of June and July 2020.

scholarly journals A marker of biological age explains individual variation in the strength of the adult stress response

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 171208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Andrews ◽  
Daniel Nettle ◽  
Maria Larriva ◽  
Robert Gillespie ◽  
Sophie Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Stress Responsiveness

The acute stress response functions to prioritize behavioural and physiological processes that maximize survival in the face of immediate threat. There is variation between individuals in the strength of the adult stress response that is of interest in both evolutionary biology and medicine. Age is an established source of this variation—stress responsiveness diminishes with increasing age in a range of species—but unexplained variation remains. Since individuals of the same chronological age may differ markedly in their pace of biological ageing, we asked whether biological age—measured here via erythrocyte telomere length—predicts variation in stress responsiveness in adult animals of the same chronological age. We studied two cohorts of European starlings in which we had previously manipulated the rate of biological ageing by experimentally altering the competition experienced by chicks in the fortnight following hatching. We predicted that individuals with greater developmental telomere attrition, and hence greater biological age, would show an attenuated corticosterone (CORT) response to an acute stressor when tested as adults. In both cohorts, we found that birds with greater developmental telomere attrition had lower peak CORT levels and a more negative change in CORT levels between 15 and 30 min following stress exposure. Our results, therefore, provide strong evidence that a measure of biological age explains individual variation in stress responsiveness: birds that were biologically older were less stress responsive. Our results provide a novel explanation for the phenomenon of developmental programming of the stress response: observed changes in stress physiology as a result of exposure to early-life adversity may reflect changes in ageing.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Maja Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Claudia Palumbo ◽  
Olivier Andlauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Career ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjectivesTo understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search.ResultsWe identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding.ConclusionsAction is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.

Intervención multi-componente en la prevención de la obesidad infantil como medida de salud pública

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Henry Cuevas Casa ◽  
Gabriela Aguinaga Romero ◽  
Fabricio González-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objetivos: se propone identificar y revisar aquellas estrategias potenciales que incluyan un enfoque multifacético a la hora de hacer frente a la obesidad en niños escolarizados. De acuerdo a la evidencia más reciente, las intervenciones más efectivas para combatir la obesidad infantil son aquellas que involucranactividad física, educación nutricional y entornos de apoyo. Así, en esta revisión nos centramos en buscar dichas intervenciones, que además incluyan seguimientos a medio y largo plazo, monitoreo y evaluación, que son críticos para mantener una acción efectiva.Material y métodos: se incluyó una revisión de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos especializadas como Pubmed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), ScienceDirect, Scielo, La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus y la página web de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (http://www.who.int).Resultados: de 199 artículos potenciales, sólo 8 fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Los resultados mostraron que aquellas intervenciones multi-componente y de largo plazo tienen beneficios sobre IMC, actividad física y elecciones alimentarias. Sin embargo, pocos estudios mostraron cambios significativos sobrelos hábitos alimentarios generales y sobre la prevalencia de la obesidad. También, se observó que las intervenciones multicomponente que se llevaron a cabo tanto en países en desarrollo de Latinoamérica, como en países desarrollados tuvieron resultados similares.Conclusión: esta revisión demuestra que pueden ocurrir cambios sobre las medidas antropométricas, la actividad física y las elecciones alimentarias cuando se llevan a cabo intervenciones multicomponente en ambientes a nivel de la educación académica primaria, sin importar la localización geográfica, peromanteniendo similar metodología y materiales

BREAST CANCER SCREENING: CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
Ilya Pyatnitskiy ◽  
O. Puchkova ◽  
Viktor Gombolevskiy ◽  
Lyudmila Nizovtsova ◽  
Natalya Vetsheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The article presents a literature review of the PubMed database and the Cochrane library, aimed at analyzing the current situation and problems in the field of breast cancer screening in the world and Russia to form an idea of the key elements in organizing an effective screening program in the Russian healthcare system, as well as the possibilities of using new technologies when organizing such programs.

Neuroimaging Outcomes in Studies of Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-486
Author(s):  
Lucy Beishon ◽  
Kannakorn Intharakham ◽  
David Swienton ◽  
Ronney B. Panerai ◽  
Thompson G. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Cognitive Training (CT) has demonstrated some benefits to cognitive and psychosocial function in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early dementia, but the certainty related to those findings remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which CT improves cognitive functioning may help to understand the relationships between CT and cognitive function. The purpose of this review was to identify the evidence for neuroimaging outcomes in studies of CT in MCI and early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched with a predefined search strategy, which yielded 1778 articles. Studies were suitable for inclusion where a CT program was used in patients with MCI or AD, with a structural or functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) outcome. Studies were assessed for quality using the Downs and Black criteria. Results: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched with a predefined search strategy, which yielded 1778 articles. Studies were suitable for inclusion where a CT program was used in patients with MCI or AD, with a structural or functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) outcome. Studies were assessed for quality using the Downs and Black criteria. Conclusions: CT resulted in variable functional and structural changes in dementia, and conclusions are limited by heterogeneity and study quality. Larger, more robust studies are required to correlate these findings with clinical benefits from CT.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy in people with kidney impairment: a GCAN-initiated literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Farquhar ◽  
Ana B Vargas-Santos ◽  
Huai Leng Pisaniello ◽  
Mark Fisher ◽  
Catherine Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, defined as achieving target serum urate <6.0 mg/dl, and safety of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) for people with gout and CKD stages 3–5. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, were searched from 1 January 1959 to 31 January 2018 for studies that enrolled people with gout, who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) of < 60 mL/min, and exposure to allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, benzbromarone, lesinurad or pegloticase. All study designs other than case reports were included, except for people on dialysis, for which we did include case reports. Results There were 36 reports with an analysis of efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 12), febuxostat (n = 10), probenecid (n = 3), benzbromarone (n = 5), lesinurad (n = 5), and pegloticase (n = 1). There were 108 reports that involved people with gout and renal impairment but did not contain any analysis on efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 84), febuxostat (n = 14), benzbromarone (n = 1), lesinurad (n = 3), and pegloticase (n = 6). Most studies excluded people with more severe degrees of renal impairment (eGFR or CrCl of < 30mL/min). For allopurinol in particular, there was significant variability in the dose of drug used, and efficacy in terms of urate lowering, across all levels of renal impairment. Conclusion There is a lack of evidence regarding efficacy and/or safety of currently used ULT according to different levels of renal function. Future studies should include patients with CKD and should report study outcomes stratified by renal function.

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