scholarly journals Polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme activity of bacteria, native to Apis florea gut

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-775
Author(s):  
D. N. Ganeshprasad ◽  
Yalpi Karthik ◽  
H. R. Sachin ◽  
A. H. Sneharani
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Apis Florea ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Tannin Degradation ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction and Aim: Apis florea commonly known as “dwarf honey bee” harbors enormous gut bacteria that can digest complex carbohydrates and other food components. In this regard, the present investigation was focused on analyzing the polysaccharide degrading ability of bacteria isolated from the gut of honeybee, for their possible application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.   Materials and Methods: Nine bacterial isolates were screened for carbohydrate degrading enzymes viz., amylase, pectinase, cellulase, tannase and laccase, using respective substrate by plate assay method. Further activities of amylase and pectinase were measured quantitatively by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method.   Results: All the nine selected isolates exhibited amylase and pectinase activities. However, only two isolates exhibited lignolytic and cellulolytic activity. None of the isolates showed tannin degradation. Maximum amylase activity (4.95 U/mg) was observed in Bacillus halotolerans af-M9 followed by Klebsiella oxytoca af-G4 (4.62 U/mg). With respect to pectinase activity Klebsiella pneumoniae af-E17 displayed higher activity (0.24 U/mg) followed by Klebsiella oxytoca af-G4 (0.20 U/mg).   Conclusion: Habitat-specific innovations are being explored for novel compounds for therapeutic applications. This study throws a light on selection of carbohydrate degrading bacteria from a new source i.e., GUT of honeybee.  

scholarly journals Challenges in the Process of Development and Maintenance of a Modern Bulgarian Food Composition Database: FAO’s Project – Real Achievements

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Desislava K. Gyurova
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Selection Of

High-quality food composition data should be representative of national food habits and consumption patterns. They should be generated according to established standard international guidelines so that they are comparable and reliable. Well-designed tables and databases should include a good selection of food components and majority of commonly consumed foods. However, this is often not the case as many tables only include raw foods and a small number of nutrients while processed and fortified foods are lacking. The aim of this review is to focus on the importance of national food composition databases; to show the current status of the problem in Bulgaria; and priorities in the development of a new modern database; in order to attract the attention of stakeholders (government institutions, universities, research institutes, manufacturers and independent specialized laboratories).

scholarly journals Selection of Saccharum spp. rhizobacteria with growth-promoting properties using PCA analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1186-1194
Author(s):  
Roberta Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Everlon Cid Rigobelo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae ◽  
Selection Of

The search for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an ongoing need for the development of new bioinoculants for use in various crops, including sugarcane. Bacterial strains with various plant growth-promoting properties can contribute to sustainable agricultural production. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize and select sugarcane rhizobacteria from six different varieties through principal components analysis. This study selected 167 bacterial strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, produce indolacetic acid, exhibit cellulolytic activity, and solubilize phosphate and potassium were isolated. Of these 167 bacterial strains, seven were selected by principal component analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Achromobacter. Bacillus thuringiensis IP21 presented higher potential for nitrogen fixation and CaPO4 and AlPO4 solubilization and a lower potential for K solubilization in sugarcane. Enterobacter asburiae IP24 was efficient in indolacetic acid production and CaPO4 and FePO4 solubilization and inefficient for Araxá apatite solubilization.

scholarly journals Evolution of High Cellulolytic Activity in Symbiotic Streptomyces through Selection of Expanded Gene Content and Coordinated Gene Expression

PLoS Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e1002475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Book ◽  
Gina R. Lewin ◽  
Bradon R. McDonald ◽  
Taichi E. Takasuka ◽  
Evelyn Wendt-Pienkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aquatic Environments—Occurrence, Fate and Bioremediation Prospective

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Joana P. Fernandes ◽  
C. Marisa R. Almeida ◽  
Maria A. Salgado ◽  
Maria F. Carvalho ◽  
Ana P. Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been detected in different ecosystems, posing a threat to living organisms and the environment. Pharmaceuticals are among the many CECs that enter the environment through different pathways, with wastewater treatment plants being the main input of these pollutants. Several technologies for the removal of these pollutants have been developed through the years, but there is still a lack of sustainable technologies suitable for being applied in natural environments. In this regard, solutions based on natural biological processes are attractive for the recovery of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is one of these natural-based solutions and takes advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to degrade different organic pollutants. Degradation of pollutants by native microorganisms is already known to be an important detoxification mechanism that is involved in natural attenuation processes that occur in the environment. Thus, bioremediation technologies based on the selection of natural degrading bacteria seem to be a promising clean-up technology suitable for application in natural environments. In this review, an overview of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals is carried out, in which bioremediation tools are explored for the removal of these pollutants from impacted environments.

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of fungal species from the compost with the cellulolytic activity and resistance topathogenic Phythium and Phytophthora capsici fungi on the pepper plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Le Hung Anh ◽  
Nguyen Hoang My ◽  
Mai Quan Thai ◽  
Tran Xuan Ngoc Anh ◽  
Au Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Pepper is one of the most exported crops in Vietnam. However, pepper farms are usually threatened with diseases, causing deaths over the large areas. The main features of pepper diseases are the abilities to spread rapidly and cause mass death, without recovery or prevention methods. Therefore, the research and production of biological products are essential to prevent, inhibit and resist to fungal diseases. This research focuses on identification of the mold species isolated from the compost, and investigation of their cellulolytic activity, inhibitory or resistant abilities to fungal diseases on the pepper tree (Piper nigrum), in order to produce biological products for fertilization. The results showed that, 2 strains (C1-1 and C1-2) of Aspergillus oryzae was isolated and identified had the fungal resistance to Phytophthora capsici and Pythium, which cause rapid death on the pepper. Therefore, these types of molds can be combined to produce biological products for practical use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Tenebrio molitor: possible source of polystyrene-degrading bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleen Machona ◽  
Farisai Chidzwondo ◽  
Rumbidzai Mangoyi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Composite Likelihood ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

Abstract Background The excessive use of polystyrene as a packaging material has resulted in a rise in environmental pollution. Polystyrene waste has continually increased water pollution, soil pollution and the closing of landfill sites since it is durable and resistant to biodegradation. Therefore, the challenge in polystyrene disposal has caused researchers to look for urgent innovative and eco-friendly solutions for plastic degradation. The current study focuses on the isolation and identification of bacteria produced by the larvae of beetle Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworms), that enable them to survive when fed with polystyrene foam as their sole carbon diet. Materials and methods The biodegradation of polystyrene by Tenebrio molitor was investigated by breeding and rearing the mealworms in the presence and absence of polystyrene. A comparison was made between those fed with a normal diet and those fed on polystyrene. The mealworms which were fed with polystyrene were then dissected and the guts were collected to isolate and identify the bacteria in their guts. The viability and metabolic activity of the isolates were investigated. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing was used for molecular identification of the isolates. The PCR products were directly sequenced using Sanger’s method and the phylogenetic tree and molecular evolutionary analyses were constructed using MEGAX software with the Neighbour Joining algorithm. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. Results The decrease in mass of the polystyrene as feedstock confirmed that the mealworms were depending on polystyrene as their sole carbon diet. The frass egested by mealworms also confirmed the biodegradation of polystyrene as it contained very tiny residues of polystyrene. Three isolates were obtained from the mealworms guts, and all were found to be gram-negative. The sequencing results showed that the isolates were Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Klebsiella oxytoca NBRC 102593 and Klebsiella oxytoca JCM 1665. Conclusion Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Klebsiella oxytoca NBRC 102593 and Klebsiella oxytoca JCM 1665 maybe some of the bacteria responsible for polystyrene biodegradation.

Esterase activity inspired selection of zearalenone degrading bacteria

Toxicon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Mingzheng Yu ◽  
Fei Dong ◽  
Jianrong Shi ◽  
Jianhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Function-driven single-cell genomics uncovers cellulose-degrading bacteria from the rare biosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin F. R. Doud ◽  
Robert M. Bowers ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Markus De Raad ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Single Cell Genomics ◽  
Rare Biosphere ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

AbstractAssigning a functional role to a microorganism has historically relied on cultivation of isolates or detection of environmental genome-based biomarkers using a posteriori knowledge of function. However, the emerging field of function-driven single-cell genomics aims to expand this paradigm by identifying and capturing individual microbes based on their in situ functions or traits. To identify and characterize yet uncultivated microbial taxa involved in cellulose degradation, we developed and benchmarked a function-driven single-cell screen, which we applied to a microbial community inhabiting the Great Boiling Spring (GBS) Geothermal Field, northwest Nevada. Our approach involved recruiting microbes to fluorescently labeled cellulose particles, and then isolating single microbe-bound particles via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The microbial community profiles prior to sorting were determined via bulk sample 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The flow-sorted cellulose-bound microbes were subjected to whole genome amplification and shotgun sequencing, followed by phylogenetic placement. Next, putative cellulase genes were identified, expressed and tested for activity against derivatives of cellulose and xylose. Alongside typical cellulose degraders, including members of the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, we found divergent cellulases encoded in the genome of a recently described candidate phylum from the rare biosphere, Goldbacteria, and validated their cellulase activity. As this genome represents a species-level organism with novel and phylogenetically distinct cellulolytic activity, we propose the name Candidatus ‘Cellulosimonas argentiregionis’. We expect that this function-driven single-cell approach can be extended to a broad range of substrates, linking microbial taxonomy directly to in situ function.

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