scholarly journals Systematic observation of physical distancing behaviors of trail users during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Thomas Bias ◽  
Shay Daily ◽  
Christiaan Abildso ◽  
Heather Venrick ◽  
Elizabeth Shay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Trail Use ◽  
Single File ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Infrared Cameras

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, opportunities for indoor and sometimes outdoor recreation were restricted across the world.   Despite restrictions, many greenways and rail-trails saw increased use.  Messaging from the federal and state public health authorities stressed the importance of social distancing and other preventive measures in reducing spread of the coronavirus.  Little is known about actual behaviors of individuals and groups using these outdoor recreational opportunities.  This study used passive infrared cameras to systematically observe physical distancing behaviors on multi-user trails to assess safety implications of trail use during June 2020. Most interactions occurred with the recommended six feet of distance between users. Maintaining six feet of distance is more likely to occur when groups are no larger than one person, users pass while traveling in opposite directions, and trails are wider. Messaging on multi-user trails should target how groups pass other groups such as: ‘keep six feet’ and ‘pass single file’.

scholarly journals Public Health Authorities in Relation to the struggle against Tuberculosis in England

1903 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-467
Author(s):  
Arthur Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Direct Measures

The task with which I have been honoured—of reporting upon the action of English Public Health Authorities in regard to tuberculosis—can, I believe, be best fulfilled (a) by a review of the history of the mortality from tuberculosis in England since 1837, when vital statistics first became available, (b) by a statement of the factors which have been instrumental in causing the reduction in the mortality from tuberculosis shown in these statistics, and an attempt at weighing their relative importance, (c) by a description of the more direct measures taken in England to diminish the prevalence of tuberculosis, and (d) by a forecast of the lines on which preventive measures against this disease are likely to be extended.

scholarly journals SARS: current overview, aetiology and epidemiology

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Semra Čavaljuga ◽  
Michael Faulde ◽  
Jerrold J. Scharninghausen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities

At this moment, public health authorities, physicians and scientists around the world are struggling to cope with a severe and rapidly spreading new disease in humans called severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) this appears to be the first severe and easily transmissible new disease to emerge in the 21st century. Though much about the disease remains poorly understood, including the details of the causative virus, we do know that it has features that allow it to spread rapidly along international air travel routes. As of 10 May 2003, a cumulative 7296 probable SARS cases with 526 deaths have been reported from 30 countries on three continents (WHO, ProMED). In the past week, more than 1000 new probable cases and 96 deaths were reported globally. This represents an increase of 119 new cases and 8 new deaths compared with 9 May 2003 (China (85), Taiwan (23), and Hong Kong (7) represented the overwhelming majority, with one additional case each reported from France, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States). Only in China, as of 10 May 2003 (WHO) total of 4884 with 235 deaths have been reported. Some outbreaks have reassuring features.

scholarly journals The Preventive Role of Exercise on the Physiological, Psychological, and Psychophysiological Parameters of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Alistair Cole ◽  
Dan Tao ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Preventive Role

The world has been severely challenged by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak since the early 2020s. Worldwide, there have been more than 66 million cases of infection and over 3,880,450 deaths caused by this highly contagious disease. All sections of the population including those who are affected, those who are not affected and those who have recovered from this disease, are suffering physiologically, psychologically or psychophysiologically. In this paper we briefly discuss the consequences of COVID-19 on physiological, psychological and psychophysiological vulnerability. We also attempt to provide evidence in support of exercise management as a prevention strategy for improving and minimizing the physiological, psychological and psychophysiological effects of COVID-19. Moderate exercise including walking, yoga and tai-chi to name but a few exercise regimes are critical in preventing COVID-19 and its complications. Governments, public health authorities and the general population should maintain physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent additional physical and mental distress.

scholarly journals Levels of Salt in Romanian Food in 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Aurelia ZUGRAVU ◽  
Monica PARVU ◽  
Monica TARCEA ◽  
Daniela PATRASCU ◽  
Anca STOIAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Health Organization

Salt is the oldest preservative used for food. But the excessive consume of salt is at the origin of blood hypertension, a problem responsible for a huge number of human diseases and deaths. As a consequence, the level of salt added in processed food has to diminish progressively. At the end of 2009, the Public Health Authorities from 29 Romanian counties reported results from the salt analysis of 1321 samples of different foods. The highest levels of salt were found in “telemea” cheese and the significant salt content in other widely consumed food underlined the necessity for a joined effort in order to bring down salt and to comply with the World Health Organization target

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): A deadly disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubeena Hafeez ◽  
Maleeha Aslam ◽  
Shahbaz Aman ◽  
Muhammad Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Transmissible Disease

SARS or severe acute respiratory syndrome is a term used to describe a serious respiratory illness, which has recently been reported in parts of the world and has spread widely over the past G months. At this moment, public health authorities, physicians and scientists around the world are struggling to cope with this rapidly spreading multicountry outbreak of an unexplained new disease in humans. This appears to be the first severe and easily transmissible disease to emerge in the 21st century. Though much about the syndrome remains poorly understood, including the exact identity of the causative virus, the indications are that the outbreak is otherwise being contained.

scholarly journals The preparedness of the radiology department at Damascus Hospital during COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 194-196
Author(s):  
Abear Labban ◽  
Wassim Bin Khadra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
To Receive

The outbreak of the Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic originated in China Wuhan province in December 2019, China and it causes severe acute respiratory and lung infection. Up to this date, over 5 million people around the world especially in Italy, USA and Iran have been infected with the virus. The Syrian government represented in Ministry of Health and other health authorities have responded to this outbreak with lockdown of the public and private activities among many other procedures. These responses are led by public health authorities in coordination with the hospitals in the Syrian cities including Damascus Hospital which belongs to Ministry of Health. Damascus hospital and other hospitals which belong to Ministry of Health continued to receive referrals of patients during the lockdown period for their diagnosis. As Damascus hospital is considered the largest hospital, the review will focus on services that had been offered by it.

COVID-19 Misinformation and Toxicological Consequences (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amrollahi-Sharifabadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
New Strategies

UNSTRUCTURED The new Corona virus pandemic alarmed the world. Misinformation regarding prevention and treatment for safeguarding against this pandemic seemed to be more contagious and hazardous than the Corona virus. Public health authorities in the world tried to battle this virtual virus by offering true information and correcting misinformation. However, the public misinformation through social media caused toxicological consequences in some parts of the world which provoked awareness, response, and concern of the public health authorities including the FDA and toxicology community. On the other hand, finding new strategies for the prevention and treatment of the corona virus again stress the roles of toxicology, infodemiology, and social media. Hundreds of chemicals are being tested to be prophylactic medications or healing drugs for the corona virus. Therefore, spread accurate information and edit misinformation will be crucial. Conclusively, toxicology education to the public is a necessity and conducting more toxicological infodemiology studies recommended.

scholarly journals The Comprehensive Appraisal of COVID-19: Its’ Clinical Panorama from Virology till Management and Beyond

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Haider Naqvi ◽  
Saiyeda Nayema Zehra Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), was first reported in China, and has laid the entire globe at a standstill, with an uncertain future, and a possible economic disaster. The World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11th 2020, avowed COVID-19 a pandemic considering its global pervasiveness. The multi-dimensional challenges include the combat with present available treatment options while simultaneously hastening scientific research for the development of definitive therapeutics and vaccine for this pandemic. The research advancement related to earlier epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by the same coronavirus family provides the understanding of basic and clinical virology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of SARS-CoV-2. The dearth of definitive therapeutics and vaccine renders COVID-19 pandemic a public health challenge globally. This comprehensive review of virology, pathogenesis, and management will abet quarters of public health authorities and medical fraternity to better understand COVID-19.

scholarly journals Users’ Beliefs Toward Physical Distancing in Facebook Pages of Public Health Authorities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110144
Author(s):  
Soon Guan Tan ◽  
Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

This study aims to describe Facebook users’ beliefs toward physical distancing measures implemented during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using the key constructs of the health belief model. A combination of rule-based filtering and manual classification methods was used to classify user comments on COVID-19 Facebook posts of three public health authorities: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, Public Health England, and Ministry of Health, Singapore. A total of 104,304 comments were analyzed for posts published between 1 January, 2020, and 31 March, 2020, along with COVID-19 cases and deaths count data from the three countries. Findings indicate that the perceived benefits of physical distancing measures ( n = 3,463; 3.3%) was three times higher than perceived barriers ( n = 1,062; 1.0%). Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 ( n = 2,934; 2.8%) was higher compared with perceived severity ( n = 2,081; 2.0%). Although susceptibility aspects of physical distancing were discussed more often at the start of the year, mentions on the benefits of intervention emerged stronger toward the end of the analysis period, highlighting the shift in beliefs. The health belief model is useful for understanding Facebook users’ beliefs at a basic level, and it provides a scope for further improvement.

scholarly journals Fueling the Covid-19 pandemic: summer school holidays and incidence rates in German districts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Plümper ◽  
Eric Neumayer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Robert Koch Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Holiday Period ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

AbstractBackgroundThe Robert-Koch-Institute reports that during the summer holiday period a foreign country is stated as the most likely place of infection for an average of 27 and a maximum of 49% of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany.MethodsCross-sectional study on observational data. In Germany, summer school holidays are coordinated between states and spread out over 13 weeks. Employing a dynamic model with district fixed effects, we analyze the association between these holidays and weekly incidence rates across 401 German districts.ResultsWe find effects of the holiday period of around 45% of the average district incidence rates in Germany during their respective final week of holidays and the 2 weeks after holidays end. Western states tend to experience stronger effects than Eastern states. We also find statistically significant interaction effects of school holidays with per capita taxable income and the share of foreign residents in a district’s population.ConclusionsOur results suggest that changed behavior during the holiday season accelerated the pandemic and made it considerably more difficult for public health authorities to contain the spread of the virus by means of contact tracing. Germany’s public health authorities did not prepare adequately for this acceleration.

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