scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF CAREER CHOICE MOTIVATIONS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND GENDER; A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 962-65
Author(s):  
Faiza Kiran ◽  
Shazia Irum ◽  
Asiya Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To identify the reasons for choosing medicine as a career in medical students and find their association with gender and different academic performance. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan, from 2015 to 2017. Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was developed after thorough literature search and interviewing few students. All students who gave consent and filled questionnaire were included in the study. Students, who obtained less than 50% marks in professional examinations, were labelled as cases and those who passed were labelled as controls. Ratio of cases to controls obtained was 1:2. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: Total 225 students took part in the study. Half of both genders [M=55 (50%), F=61 (53%)] came into this field by their own choice. Male students chose medicine as a career mainly because they were more passionate [M=51(46%), F=38 (33%), pvalue = 0.03], wanted to honor their parents‟ wishes [M=35 (31%), F=28 (24%)], and used to find biology easier than math [M=19 (17%), F=14 (12%)]. Female students chose medicine as a career mainly because they had a misconception of relatively easier career growth in medicine [M=4 (3%), F=6 (5%)]. Conclusion: Most medical students in this private institute came into medicine of their own choice. However, passion, honoring parents‟ wishes and finding biology easier than math was more evident in failed students and male gender whereas females came with misconception of an easy career path in medicine.

The Identification and Significance of a Thr→Pro Polymorphism in Kringle IV Type 8 of Apolipoprotein(a)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0949-0954 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Prins ◽  
F R Lues ◽  
Y Y van der Hoek ◽  
J J.P Kastelein ◽  
B N Bouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Significant Independent Risk Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

SummaryElevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent a significant independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Interindividual levels of apo(a) vary over 1000-fold and are mainly due to inheritance that is linked to the locus of the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene. The apo(a) gene encodes multiple repeats of a sequence exhibiting up to 85% DNA sequence homology with plasminogen kringle IV (K.IV), a lysine binding domain. In our search for sequence polymorphisms in the K.IV coding domain, we identified a polymorphism predicting a Thr→Pro substitution located at amino acid position 12 of kringle IV type 8 of apo(a). The functional and clinical significance of this polymorphism was analysed in a case-control study and by comparing the in vitro lysine binding characteristics of the two Lp(a) subtypes.The case-control study (involving 153 subjects having symptomatic atherosclerosis and 153 age and gender matched normolipidemic controls) revealed an overall allele frequency for the Thr12-→Pro substitution in kringle IV type 8 of 14% and a negative association between presence of the Pro12-subtype and symptomatic atherosclerosis (p <0.03). The in vitro lysine binding studies, using Lp(a) isolated from subjects homozygous for either Thr12 or Pro12 in K.IV type 8, revealed comparable lysine-Sepharose binding fractions for the two subtypes. The binding affinity (Kd) for immobilised plasmin degraded des- AA-fibrin (DesafibTM-X) was also comparable for the two subtypes, however a decreased maximal attainable binding (Bmax) for immobilised desafibTM-X was observed for the Pro12-subtype Lp(a).

scholarly journals Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Hao ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Pai Pang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Xuejun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Academic Difficulties Among Medical Students at Jazan University: A Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Sarah Salih ◽  
Maram Fageehi ◽  
Safiah Hakami ◽  
Ebtisam Ateya ◽  
Manal Hakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Control Study

The effect of tonsillectomy on John Cunningham virus serological status in multiple sclerosis patients: A retrospective case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097182
Author(s):  
Mirla Avila ◽  
Annette Okai ◽  
Smathorn Thakolwiboon ◽  
Collin O’Bryan ◽  
Murali Mohan Reddy Gopireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
John Cunningham Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Control Study

Tonsils are believed to be the initial site of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) infection. The long-term effect of childhood tonsillectomy on JCV status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has not been investigated. In this retrospective case–control study, we analyzed data of 144 JCV seropositive cases and 82 JCV seronegative controls from three outpatient MS clinics in the United States. Early tonsillectomy (before the age of 8) was reported among 8 (5.56%) JCV seropositive subjects and 19 (23.17%) controls. Early tonsillectomy was associated with JCV negative status (adjusted odds ratio = 5.39, 95% confidence interval = 2.13–13.62, p < 0.001) independent of age and gender.

scholarly journals The role of gender-specific factors in the choice of specialty training in obstetrics and gynecology: results from a survey among medical students in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Riedel ◽  
André Hennigs ◽  
Anna Maria Dobberkau ◽  
Caroline Riedel ◽  
Till Johannes Bugaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Purpose The field of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is facing growing competition for young professionals in Germany, with high interest rates among female graduates and a declining proportion of male students who choose residency training in the field. The aim of this study is to analyze general and gender-dependent factors that influence the decision for or against specialty training in OB/GYN among medical students in Germany. Methods Between February and November 2019, n = 346 medical students in their 5th and 6th year of undergraduate training at Heidelberg University received a questionnaire with 44 items. Results n = 286 students (61.3 female; 38.7% male) participated in the study. 28% of the female students and 9% of the male students had considered OB/GYN for their specialty training. The students reported different general and gender-specific influencing factors in their choice of a specialty. Both genders desired a good work-life-balance, however, in comparison with their female colleagues, male students had heavily weighted factors related to their later careers and professional success, including competition among colleagues. Male students had gained little practical experience during compulsory internships (26.9% for females vs. 8.8% for males) or had chosen their final-year elective in OB/GYN (15.9% for females vs. 5.5% for males). Female students had worried about the negative effects of their sex on their career (35.4% for females vs. 5.9% for males). Conclusion OB/GYN must become more appealing and attractive to young female and male professionals alike. A better compatibility of career and family should go hand in hand with the implementation of differentiated, (extra) curricular teaching approaches that take the different preferences of female and male students into account.

scholarly journals High pelvic incidence and gender increase risk of pedicle fracture after single level lumbar spinal fusion: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100197
Author(s):  
Florian Wanivenhaus ◽  
David Ephraim Bauer ◽  
Christoph Laux ◽  
Christoph Stern ◽  
Frédéric Cornaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Fusion ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Control Study
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