The role of gender-specific factors in the choice of specialty training in obstetrics and gynecology: results from a survey among medical students in Germany

Abstract Purpose The field of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is facing growing competition for young professionals in Germany, with high interest rates among female graduates and a declining proportion of male students who choose residency training in the field. The aim of this study is to analyze general and gender-dependent factors that influence the decision for or against specialty training in OB/GYN among medical students in Germany. Methods Between February and November 2019, n = 346 medical students in their 5th and 6th year of undergraduate training at Heidelberg University received a questionnaire with 44 items. Results n = 286 students (61.3 female; 38.7% male) participated in the study. 28% of the female students and 9% of the male students had considered OB/GYN for their specialty training. The students reported different general and gender-specific influencing factors in their choice of a specialty. Both genders desired a good work-life-balance, however, in comparison with their female colleagues, male students had heavily weighted factors related to their later careers and professional success, including competition among colleagues. Male students had gained little practical experience during compulsory internships (26.9% for females vs. 8.8% for males) or had chosen their final-year elective in OB/GYN (15.9% for females vs. 5.5% for males). Female students had worried about the negative effects of their sex on their career (35.4% for females vs. 5.9% for males). Conclusion OB/GYN must become more appealing and attractive to young female and male professionals alike. A better compatibility of career and family should go hand in hand with the implementation of differentiated, (extra) curricular teaching approaches that take the different preferences of female and male students into account.

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IDENTIFICATION OF CAREER CHOICE MOTIVATIONS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND GENDER; A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.5531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 962-65

Author(s):

Faiza Kiran ◽

Shazia Irum ◽

Asiya Zahoor

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Medical Students ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Male Gender ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Career Growth ◽

And Gender ◽

Control Study

Objective: To identify the reasons for choosing medicine as a career in medical students and find their association with gender and different academic performance. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan, from 2015 to 2017. Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was developed after thorough literature search and interviewing few students. All students who gave consent and filled questionnaire were included in the study. Students, who obtained less than 50% marks in professional examinations, were labelled as cases and those who passed were labelled as controls. Ratio of cases to controls obtained was 1:2. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: Total 225 students took part in the study. Half of both genders [M=55 (50%), F=61 (53%)] came into this field by their own choice. Male students chose medicine as a career mainly because they were more passionate [M=51(46%), F=38 (33%), pvalue = 0.03], wanted to honor their parents‟ wishes [M=35 (31%), F=28 (24%)], and used to find biology easier than math [M=19 (17%), F=14 (12%)]. Female students chose medicine as a career mainly because they had a misconception of relatively easier career growth in medicine [M=4 (3%), F=6 (5%)]. Conclusion: Most medical students in this private institute came into medicine of their own choice. However, passion, honoring parents‟ wishes and finding biology easier than math was more evident in failed students and male gender whereas females came with misconception of an easy career path in medicine.

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What Lies Beneath: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits, and Gender in Accounting for the Success of College Students

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci11070333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

Kerstin Hamann ◽

Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽

Bruce M. Wilson

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Causal Attribution ◽

The United States ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Course Grades ◽

Success In Higher Education ◽

And Gender

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and female students with differing academic performance levels. Using a case study, we collected data from students enrolled in a general education course (sample size N = 400) at a large public university in the United States. Our findings indicate that while students’ course grades and cumulative college grades did not vary by gender, female and male students reported different self-efficacy and causal attribution habits for good grades and poor grades. To illustrate, self-efficacy for female students is broad and stretches across all their courses; in contrast, for male students, it is more limited to specific courses. These gender differences in cognition, particularly in accounting for undesirable events, may assist faculty members and advisors in understanding how students respond to difficulties and challenges.

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MEDICAL STUDENTS' GENDER-SPECIFIC EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2008.36.7.999 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 999-1008

Author(s):

Selcuk Mistik

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Female Students ◽

Examination Performance ◽

The University ◽

Gender Specific ◽

Male Genital

In this study the experiences of final-year medical students performing gender-specific examinations were assessed. In 2006, all students in the final year of medical school at the University of Erciyes, Turkey, were given a questionnaire containing 17 questions on gender-specific examinations. A total of 200 (94%) students completed the questionnaire. Female students were less confident in performing male genital and prostate examinations. In this study, it was demonstrated that there was suboptimal exposure to gender-specific examinations, resulting particularly in less than confident female students. Student logbooks should be used more accurately and efficiently to increase opportunities to perform gender-specific examinations.

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Strategies-Based ESP Instruction (SBI) of Reading Comprehension: Male vs. Female Students

International Journal of Education ◽

10.5296/ije.v4i2.1625 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Seyyed Hossein Kashef ◽

Ayoob Damavand ◽

Azizollah Viyani

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Reading Comprehension Instruction ◽

Comprehension Ability ◽

And Gender ◽

Method Of Instruction ◽

Based Instruction ◽

Age Range

The present study aimed at exploring the effect of a Strategies-Based Instruction (SBI) on improving male and female students' reading comprehension ability in an ESP context. The main assumption was that SBI would be more successful in developing reading comprehension of females compared to male students through using effective strategies and skills delivered in SBI method. The participants, within the age range of 18-22, included 24 male and 26 female students who were an intact experimental group. Following a pretest, treatment (15 weeks, 2 sessions per week), and a posttest, the obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA to examine the effects of the independent variables, namely, method of instruction and gender. The results of the analysis showed that although the teaching intervention had a significant effect on students' reading comprehension, gender’s effect was not significant. The findings are discussed in relation to effective reading comprehension instruction through the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in ESP teaching contexts.

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Attitude of Basic Science Medical Students towards Post Graduation in Medicine and Surgery: A Questionnaire based Cross-sectional Study from Western Region of Nepal

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.3126/nje.v1i4.5754 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 126-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bedanta Roy ◽

Indrajit Banerjee ◽

Brijesh Sathian ◽

Monami Mondal ◽

Sai Sailesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Career Choice ◽

Basic Science ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Basic Sciences ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Specialties

Background Career choice of medical students plays a vital role for health care system of a country. It also plays a crucial role to bring medical specialties into mainstream focus. Materials and Method A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study has been performed at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, during the period of 1st May to 31st August–2011. A self reported questionnaire was given to the undergraduate medical students of Basic sciences. Questionnaire included career choices, nature of career, reason for choice, and education level and occupation in their parents. Results Data was collected from 269 medical students, among them 145 males and 124 female students participated in the study. The mean age of Indian (85, 31.6%), Nepalese (110, 40.9%) and Sri Lankan (74, 27.5%) students were 18.3 ± SD 0.7, 18.6 ± SD 0.8 and 18.0 ± SD 1.5 years respectively. Education and Occupation of parents seems to influence the determination of career choice in case of Medical students (p<0.01). Females have 2.19 times preference of choosing Medicine and 0.22 times Surgery compared to males (p<0.01). In case of Nepali male students, Surgery (60.3%) was the most preferred Postgraduate subject followed by medicine (20.6%) and in female students, medicine (44.7%) and OBG (31.9%). But in case of Indian male students 58.0% & 31.4% female students want to choose surgery as their career. 53.1% of the Sri-Lankan male students want to choose medicine as their post graduation and apart from these 50% of the female students also, which is followed by surgery 46.9% (male) and 21.4% (female) respectively. Conclusion Our study supports that Post-graduation in clinical specialties is always preferred over Basic sciences due to more interaction with patients and the practical aspects of medical profession. The relatively less popularity of some streams may show long-term impact on the health of health system of Nepal. Medical Universities have to modify their academic intervention activities to improve the basic science teaching learning programme in Nepal to turn around the deficiency of post graduates in this stream.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i4.5754 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(4):126-134

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Turn-taking and gender differences in language classroom

Journal of NELTA ◽

10.3126/nelta.v23i1-2.23349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1-2) ◽

pp. 54-67

Author(s):

Kaukab Abid Azhar ◽

Nayab Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

First Year ◽

Female Teacher ◽

Male And Female ◽

Language Classroom ◽

And Gender ◽

The University ◽

Mixed Gender

The study aims at studying gender differences in the ways male and female students take turns and participate in a mixed-gender classroom. Two groups of first-year English compulsory classes held at two different departments (Geography and Economics) at the University of Karachi took part in the study. The results revealed that in the Geography Department, where there was a female teacher, male students were more dominating as compared to the female students who hardly participated in the class. They took more turns and participated better in the classroom discussion. In addition, they also interrupted the teacher and the female counterparts when they tried to contribute to the discussion. On the other hand, at the Department of Economics, female students had more number of turns. They dominated the classroom as compared to the male students. Besides, the study revealed that the gender of the teacher played an important part in shaping the discourse taking place in the classroom.

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Does medical students’ gender affect their clinical learning of gynaecological examination? A retrospective cohort study

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135390 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (1112) ◽

pp. 325-329

Author(s):

Thomas Wallbridge ◽

Angela Holden ◽

Aled Picton ◽

Janesh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Graduates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gynaecological Examination

IntroductionMedical graduates should be competent in gynaecological examination as well as associated skills including speculum use and swabbing. Male and female medical students may have different opportunities to practise these skills in clinical environments, potentially impacting on confidence and competence. This study explores this further via reviewing students’ learning experience in genitourinary medicine (GUM) and obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) clinics.MethodsCross-sectional study of 759 year 4 and year 5 University of Birmingham medical students via an online questionnaire. This explored degree of participation, impact of gender and self-reported confidence.ResultsOverall response rate was 31% (233/759). Students of either gender who observed an examination being performed by a clinician were more likely to perform the same examination. Female students reported more opportunities to practise gynaecological examination and associated skills. Female students were more likely to be granted consent to perform speculum examinations, vaginal swabbing and vaginal bimanual examinations. Sixty-five per cent of male students felt that their gender affected their learning experience with female patients. Despite this, there was no significant difference in self-reported confidence level in performing gynaecological examinations between genders at the end of placement.ConclusionThe majority of male students perceived that their gender impacted their clinical experience in O&G and GUM. Self-reported confidence levels were unaffected, which could reflect varying approaches to competence between genders. The link between observing examinations and subsequent opportunities to practise is key. This could demonstrate students developing rapport and trust with patients, and clinicians’ roles as gatekeepers.

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Depression Among First- and Fifth-Year Medical Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Saeed Almalki ◽

Abdullah Almalki ◽

Abdullah Kokandi ◽

Bandar Aldosari ◽

Abdulaziz Bin Baz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Medical Students ◽

Total Sample ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

First Year ◽

Randomized Sampling ◽

Stressful Environment ◽

Medical Colleges

Background: Depression, which is characterized by persistent sadness, is a highly prevalent and serious medical disease that affects more than 300 million individuals worldwide. It is hypothesized that the onset of depressive symptoms in medical students occurs due to prolonged exposure to the stressful environment of medical colleges. Hence, we aimed to determine the presence of depressive symptoms and compare the level of depression between the first-year and fifth-year medical students in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with convenient sampling from 2 medical colleges in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October to November 2017. The English version of Beck’s Depression Inventory questionnaire was used in this study. Statistical analysis was administered using SPSS via chi-square test, and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 241 participants. The age variable shows a bimodal distribution. The mean age of first-year and fifth-year students was 19±0.8 years and 23±2.1 years, respectively. Fifth-year students comprised 53.5% of the total sample, and male students accounted for 63.1% of the total sample. After analysis, the results show that male students scored higher than female students on the lower side of the scale in both years. Most of the first-year female students scored a higher level of depression compared with male students (P=0.001), whereas no difference between males and females (P=0.04) was found in the fifth-year students’ data. Conclusion: Our study shows a new pattern of reported depressive symptoms among first- and fifth-year medical students. In addition, the study suggests that depression is more common in female medical students as compared with their male counterparts. For future studies, we recommend using randomized sampling in a cohort study including all levels of medical students to further investigate and confirm the findings.[GMJ.2019;8:e1497]

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Primary dysmenorrhea: evaluation and treatment pattern among female medical students

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183883 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 1873

Author(s):

Sapna Gupta ◽

Sharminder Kaur ◽

Shamiya Sadiq ◽

Vijay Khajuria

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Young Female ◽

Female Students ◽

Age Group ◽

Self Medication ◽

Drug Usage ◽

College Going ◽

History Of

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a very common condition in females in fertile age group and its affective and somatic features often limit female mobility which results in loss of work hours. The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalence, severity, drug usage and loss of work days among young female medical students.Methods: The current questionnaire based study was done in Department of pharmacology, GMC Jammu over a period of 3 months. Female students aged between 17-24 years who consented for participation were included. The demographic profile and detailed history of dysmenorrhea was recorded.Results: Out of 342 participants, 218 females (63.7%) had history of dysmenorrhea. Most of the dysmenorrhic females had menarche between 13-14 yrs of age (73.3%) and menstrual cycle of 21-34 days (82.5%), duration of bleeding less than 6 days (91.6%) and had a positive family history of dysmenorrhea (58.7%). Majority of females had mild to moderate features of dysmenorrhea (93.4%). Most common medication was Mefenemic acid alone and in combination (90.5%). Most of the females took self-medication (69.8%) and only 30.2% took medicines on advice of doctor. 71.5% students missed their classes due to symptoms of dysmennorhea.Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea is quite prevalent among college going medical students. Most of them had positive family history. Mefenemic acid and its combination was frequently used to treat symptoms. On an average 1-2days were lost due to dysmenorrhea.

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PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SEGIEMPAT SISWA DITINJAU DARI TIPE KEPRIBADIAN EKSTROVERT-INTROVERT DAN JENIS KELAMIN

MATHEdunesa ◽

10.26740/mathedunesa.v9n1.p231-240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 231-240

Author(s):

Rista Amelia ◽

Ismail Ismail

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Junior High School ◽

Personality Types ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

School Students ◽

Mathematics Ability ◽

Mathematics Understanding ◽

And Gender

Understanding the concept is one important factor in the purpose of learning mathematics. Understanding concepts is the ability of students in mastering a concept both in explaining and applying a concept in problem solving or problem solving. Personality plays a role in the learning process of students this is because the attitude of each individual in making decisions is influenced by habits. Personality and gender differences can allow differences in understanding of concepts. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the aim to describe the understanding of the quadrilateral concept of students in terms of extrovert-introvert personality types and gender. In this study four junior high school students were chosen as subjects determined by extrovert-introvert personality types and gender. Data collection instruments used consisted of mathematics ability tests, MBTI personality questionnaires, quadrilateral understanding of concept material tests and interview guidelines. The results of this study indicate (a) Extroverted male students are less able to restate the quadrilateral concept, and less able to use and utilize and choose procedures or operations to solve quadrilateral problems (b) Extroverted female students are less able to restate the quadrilateral concept, less able to calcify quadrilateral based on appropriate traits, and less able to use and utilize and choose procedures or operations to solve quadrilateral problems (c) Introverted male students are less able to restate the quadrilateral concept, less able to calcify rectangles based on appropriate traits, ( d) Introverted female students are less able to calcify quadrilateral based on appropriate traits. The implication of the results of this study is the understanding of the concepts in each personality of both men and women need to be considered. Keywords: Understanding of concepts, quadrilateral, ekstrovert-introvert and gender.

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