scholarly journals The Comparison of Different Diatom Digestive Method using HCl-H2O2 and HCl -KMnO4 in Telaga Pengilon Dieng

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Christopher Hardian Widyanta ◽  
Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati ◽  
Jumari Jumari ◽  
Riche Hariyati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Statistical Result ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Digestion Methods

Identification diatom has been applied as an important key to tracing paleoenvironmental conditions. The knowledge for diatom extraction from sediment is continuing, but the diatom digestive methods in the tropical area is still limited. Telaga Pengilon, located in Dieng Indonesia, is rich in organic material in the sediment, the sample also associates with epiphytic and benthic diatom. Therefore, extracting pure diatom frustules free of organic matter from the sediments is essential for this application. To find the appropriate method for extracting diatoms in Telaga Pengilon, this research compares HCl with H2O2 and HCl with KMNO4 as the digestive reagent. Based on the statistical result (HCl, KMnO4) less time consumed than (HCl, H2O2) during the digestive process (p<0.05) and produced the same amount of residue (p> 0.05). For Pinnularia and Frustulia, the majority of diatoms could be extracted using both methods. Under microscopy, the structure of diatoms remained almost perfect after digestion with H202, the striae clearly visible and the residue digested correctly. Another method using HCl, KMnO4 fragmentation was found for some Pinnularia, and for Frustulia, the striae are clearly visible. This study demonstrated that different diatoms have different resistance for reagents and some of the locations need different reagents because different materials are contained in the sediment and need help to remove material organically.  As far as the HCl and H2O2 are appropriate digestion methods in a tropical area such as Telaga Pengilon, HCl, KMnO4 can be a substitute for the less time-consuming process.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THREE SURFACE FRICTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Alessandro Rigotti ◽  
Adriano Menis Ferreira ◽  
Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ◽  
Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida ◽  
Odanir Garcia Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three surface friction techniques for the removal of organic material. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed to evaluate the presence or not of organic material before and after the cleaning and disinfection process of surfaces of bedside tables of patients hospitalized at an Intensive Care Unit. Three friction techniques were executed in the one-way, two-way and centrifugal sense, individually, three times on each table, during alternate weeks. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and three sides of cloth were used, moistened with 70% (w/v) alcohol. The organic matter was detected through the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, using 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before and 13 after the cleaning/disinfection process, totaling 78 samples of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence. No statistically significant difference was found among the removal techniques of organic matter. This study demonstrated that none of the three surface friction methods was better than the other to remove organic matter. Nevertheless, further research is needed in which other cleaning/disinfection indicators and surfaces are considered.

A Reassessment of the Routine Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bones

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Snoeck ◽  
Richard A Staff ◽  
Fiona Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Calcined Bone

AbstractIn the late 1990s, it was demonstrated that reliable radiocarbon dates could be obtained directly from cremated bone. Many 14C laboratories have since used a protocol for pretreating cremated (calcined) bones that consists of consecutive treatments with bleach and acetic acid to remove organic matter and extraneous or diagenetic carbonate, respectively. In most instances, the bleach used is sodium hypochlorite, although in recent years the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) has used acidified sodium chlorite instead. However, properly calcined (white) bones should not contain any organic material; hence, the bleach treatment is potentially unnecessary. This article describes studies investigating the effectiveness of bleach (and the specific bleach used) during pretreatment of calcined bone, and demonstrates that 14C dates on six cremated bone samples are statistically indistinguishable whether or not the initial bleach step is applied.

THE GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AUSTRALIAN CRUDE OILS

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
T.G. Powell ◽  
D.M. McKirdy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
Marine Organic Matter ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

Australian oils are generally light by world standards. They have API gravities greater than 35°, low sulphur and asphalt contents, and are of paraffinic or naphthenic base. The geochemical similarity of oils from the Bowen-Surat Basin, with the notable exception of the Conloi crude, is most marked in the fraction boiling above 250 °C. Oils from the Cooper, Gippsland and Otway Basins are probably derived from terrestrial organic material, but differ in their degree of maturation as indicated by n-alkane patterns. Samples from the Perth Basin exhibit a similar variation in maturity. In the Carnarvon Basin, the Windalia crude differs from those in deeper reservoirs in containing a higher proportion of oxygen-bearing, nitrogen-bearing, and sulphur-bearing compounds, another sign of a less mature oil. The East Mereenie oil displays an odd-even predominance in its n-alkane distribution which is characteristic of some Lower Palaeozoic crudes. A Papuan Basin condensate is the only available sample produced from a limestone reservoir. This probably accounts for its higher sulphur content. Two seeps obtained from the Papuan Highlands are inspissated residues which may have suffered microbiological alteration.A major control of the composition of Australian crude oils appears to be the depositional environment of the source rock. Most of the oils show evidence of having been generated, at least in part, from terrestrial (as opposed to marine) organic matter. The location of all but one of the reservoirs within sequences dominated by the sandstone - shale association is consistent with the likely contribution of land plant detritus to their source environment. Likewise, low sulphur and asphalt values reflect the scarcity of favourable carbonate-evaporite source and reservoir situations in Australia.

Organo-metallic clay complexes

Clay Minerals ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bodenheimer ◽  
L. Heller ◽  
S. Yariv
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Reaction Cell ◽  
Oxidation Processes

AbstractDifferential thermal analysis curves were obtained for a series of diamine and glycol complexes with natural and copper substituted montmorillonite, in air and in an inert atmosphere. Thermobalance curves of the diamine-clay systems were also determined. The exothermic peaks observed in air are characteristic for any particular system and reflect the nature and binding of the interlamellar material; no direct correlation was, however, observed with pyrolysis and oxidation processes in the clay. Organic matter is frequently liberated from the clay before oxidation, which then occurs within the reaction cell but outside the clay phase. The extent to which oxidation is completed at any particular temperature depends upon the supply of oxygen and the amount of organic material present.

scholarly journals Density of mudclams Anodontia edentula Linnaeus, 1758 relation to enviromental parameters of Muna Regency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochmady Rochmady ◽  
Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar ◽  
Lodewyck S Tandipayuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Sulphur Concentration

The research aims to analyze the density of mud clams Anodintia edentula Linnaeus, 1758 relation to environmental parameters, covering organic material content and composition of sediment in Muna regency. Research carried out in coastal Lambiku and Tobea island. The sample collection begins in March until May 2011, intervals collection example once a month for three months. A collection of mud clams example in a plot trasek (Line Transect Plot) is determined (purposive sampling). A plot observation based on three categories, Plot I near coast, Plot II the transition and Plot III far from the beach, intervals 50m each a plot observation. Analysis data the density use Krebs (1978) formula, relations of density and environmental parameters use corelation and descriptif analysis. The research results show that the density is different of mud clams between Tobea island and coastal Lambiku. The density of mud clams on the Tobea island have higher is 33 ind m-2 or 29-40 ind m-2. While density of mud clams in coast Lambiku is 10 ind m-2 or 8-11 ind m-2. The density of mud clams far from the beach between the coastal areas relatively different. While composition sediment and the organic matter on Tobea island and coastal Lambiku relatively is the same. Phosphates and sulphur concentration on the Tobea island each of 13,90 ppm and 15,76 ppm. Phosphates and sulphur concentration in coastal Lambiku each of 14,55 ppm and 17,01 ppm. Phosphate and sulfur concentrate far from shore show organic material content of sulphur and phosphates is high with density mud clams.

scholarly journals Density of mudclams Anodontia edentula Linnaeus, 1758 relation to enviromental parameters of Muna Regency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochmady Rochmady ◽  
Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar ◽  
Lodewyck S Tandipayuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Sulphur Concentration

The research aims to analyze the density of mud clams Anodintia edentula Linnaeus, 1758 relation to environmental parameters, covering organic material content and composition of sediment in Muna regency. Research carried out in coastal Lambiku and Tobea island. The sample collection begins in March until May 2011, intervals collection example once a month for three months. A collection of mud clams example in a plot trasek (Line Transect Plot) is determined (purposive sampling). A plot observation based on three categories, Plot I near coast, Plot II the transition and Plot III far from the beach, intervals 50m each a plot observation. Analysis data the density use Krebs (1978) formula, relations of density and environmental parameters use corelation and descriptif analysis. The research results show that the density is different of mud clams between Tobea island and coastal Lambiku. The density of mud clams on the Tobea island have higher is 33 ind m-2 or 29-40 ind m-2. While density of mud clams in coast Lambiku is 10 ind m-2 or 8-11 ind m-2. The density of mud clams far from the beach between the coastal areas relatively different. While composition sediment and the organic matter on Tobea island and coastal Lambiku relatively is the same. Phosphates and sulphur concentration on the Tobea island each of 13,90 ppm and 15,76 ppm. Phosphates and sulphur concentration in coastal Lambiku each of 14,55 ppm and 17,01 ppm. Phosphate and sulfur concentrate far from shore show organic material content of sulphur and phosphates is high with density mud clams.

scholarly journals KINDS OF ORGANIC MATTER AND CALCITE CONTRIBUTION ON THE CHANGE OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN SOIL AND UPTAKE BY MAIZE AT NORTH ACEH INCEPTISOL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Khusrizal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The Inceptisols is a soil in great amount and widely distributed in Indonesia, even in the province of Aceh Inceptisols is the most extensive amount. The Inceptisols were found from lowland up to highland, and their properties are very varied. Commonly, the soil fertility of the Inceptisols of lowland is low. Calcite and Organic Matter are the easy matter found, and to be considered as a better soil amendment. While maize is improved varieties of crops that its production constantly to be increased. This experiment was conducted in order to study the contribution of organic matter as well as calcite contribution to the change of iron and manganese in soil and uptake by maize at North Aceh Inceptisol. Kinds of organic matter that was used consist of cow manure and water hyacinth (60:40). The fully randomized design has been conducted that consists of two combined treatment factors with three replicated. The factor is related to the kinds of organic matter was 0.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ton ha-1 and calcite was 0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 ton ha-1. The results showed that the application of organic matter and calcite significantly affect levels of iron and manganese in the soil and plants. Dose organic material 4 ton ha-1 and calcite 1.5 tons ha-1 are able to increase at the highest level of the iron content of the soil, while the dose of organic materials 4 ton ha-1 and calcite dose 0.0-1.0 tonnes ha-1 is the best for the increasing of manganese in the soil. The highest content of iron and manganese of maize crop was obtained at a dose of 6.0 tons ha-1 of organic matter without calcite application.

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