scholarly journals Cosmopolitan Sophistry: Grounding Politics in Disorder and Uncertainty

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Jon Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
The State ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Death ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
As If

Conceptions of the State, Nation and politics, which are actually in play in ‘the West’, usually descend from totalitarian models which are primarily Platonic and monotheistic in origin. They aim for unity, harmony, wholeness, legitimate authority and the rejection of conflict, however much they claim to represent multiplicity. By expressing a vision of order, such models drive an idea of planning by prophecy as opposed to divination, as if the future was certain within limits and the trajectory was smooth. Chaos theory and evolutionary ecology shows us that this conception of both society and the future is inaccurate. I will argue that it is useful to look at the pre-socratic philosophers, in particular the so-called sophists Gorgias and Protagoras and Heraclitus with their sense of ongoing flux, the truth of the moment, and the necessary power of rhetoric in the leading forth of temporary functional consensus within the flux. This ongoing oscillation of conflict provides social movement and life rather than social death.

The Munich conference of Minister-Presidents of German lands in 1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Ivan Popov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The West ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The paper deals with the organization and decisions of the conference of the Minister-Presidents of German lands in Munich on June 6-7, 1947, which became the one and only meeting of the heads of the state governments of the western and eastern occupation zones before the division of Germany. The conference was the first experience of national positioning of the regional elite and clearly demonstrated that by the middle of 1947, not only between the allies, but also among German politicians, the incompatibility of perspectives of further constitutional development was existent and all the basic conditions for the division of Germany became ripe. Munich was the last significant demonstration of this disunity and the moment of the final turn towards the three-zone orientation of the West German elite.

Interim Imposition

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Arato
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Moment

[MacArthur] said that he had issued no orders or directives, and that he had limited himself merely to suggestions…. He stated that it was his belief, that it was his conviction, that a constitution, no matter how good, no matter how well written, forced upon the Japanese by bayonet would last just as long as bayonets were present, and he was certain that the moment force was withdrawn and the Japanese were left to their own devices they would get rid of that constitution.—Recorded on January 29,1946, by Nelson T. Johnson, Secretary-General of the Far East CommissionIn spite of the storm surrounding its first appearance, the cumbersomely named “Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period” (TAL) has been surprisingly immune from criticism in the West since its initial signing on March 8, 2004. American officials, anxious to declare victories where they can, as well as journalists seeking newsworthiness have insisted on the more accurate and revealing term “interim constitution.” Its technocratic name, designed to neutralize (or hide) its constitutional significance, may partly explain why it has received little critical attention, but a more likely explanation is that many of its readers have rightly or wrongly viewed it as offering better protections for rights, including those of minorities and women, and more safeguards against newforms of authoritarian rule than other constitutions in Islamic countries, especially those in the Arab Middle East, including Iraq's own constitutional past. Commentators are apt to overlook the imposed character of the production of the document, perhaps because they suspect that a more genuinely negotiated and consensual product would very possibly have included fewer supposed protections for rights and safeguards against dictatorship, or at least the “tyranny of the majority.”

scholarly journals SEKULARISME HUKUM DALAM FRAME TIMUR DAN BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The West ◽  
Related Article ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
As If

Abstract: Until now a western philosophical school called secularism has become an inseparable part of Islamic scholars. Related article cited a variety of secularism and the note that also take as a reference by the next generation of scientific. This fact shows that the importance of the discussion concerning matters of secularism.Position secularism became a big spotlight when linked to Islamic law an sich. Harassment of Islamic law through the glass secularism has produced many Islamic intellectuals secular.In fact, the West itself slowly began to abandon secularism. Western consciousness leaving the methodology of secularism marked by the rise of Islamic hegemony slowly, even predicted the future of Islam will be the largest religion in Western Europe represent entities. The position of Islam itself is still vulnerable to the methodology of secularism. Post-figure Kemal in Turkey  proklaimed himself as a successful carrier of secularism which is then followed by other Muslim intellectuals. This makes the Islamic intellectual dilemma. As if, methodology of secularism could raise the degree of religious and linked well with the sects that emerged in the mid such  Mu'tazilah. Secularism eventually become a new color in Islam, secularism began to force its philosophy in Islam. Define secularism as the separation of religion and state effort was apparently not enough. Abstrak: Hingga kini sebuah aliran filsafat Barat yang bernama sekularisme telah menjadi bagian yang tak bisa dipisahkan dari para cendekiawan Islam. Berbagai tulisan terkait sekularisme dikutip kemudian tulisan itu diambil pula sebagai rujukan oleh para generasi ilmiyah lintas zaman. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa betapa pentingnya pembahasan menyangkut hal ihwal sekularisme. Posisi sekularisme menjadi sorotan besar manakala dikaitkan dengan hukum Islam an sich.  Pengobok-obokan hukum Islam melalui kaca sekularisme telah melahirkan banyak intelektual Islam bermanhaj sekuler.Pada kenyataannya, Barat sendiri mulai meninggalkan sekularisme secara perlahan. Kesadaran Barat meninggalkan manhaj sekularisme ditandai dengan munculnya hegemoni Islam secara perlahan, bahkan kedepan diprediksi Islam akan menjadi agama terbesar di Eropa mewakili entitas Barat.Posisi Islam sendiri sampai saat ini masih rentan dengan manhaj sekularisme. Paska tokoh Kemal di Turki memploklamasikan dirinya sebagai pembawa sekularisme sukses yang kemudian diikuti pula oleh para intelektual Islam lainnya. Hal ini menjadikan para intelektual Islam dilematis. Seolah-olah, manhaj sekularisme bisa menaikkan derajat beragama lalu dikait-kaitkan pula dengan sekte-sekte yang muncul di era pertengahan semisal muktazilah.Sekularisme akhirnya menjadi warna baru dalam Islam, filsafat sekularisme mulai dipaksakan dalam ajaran Islam. Mendefiniskan sekularisme sebagai upaya pemisahan agama dan negara rupanya belumlah cukup. Kata Kunci: Sekularisme, agama, dunia, Barat

PRUSSIAN FAUST OR UNIVERSALIST PURITAN?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
DAMIAN VALDEZ
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Social Democrat ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
German Reich

At the end of May 1917, Max Weber attended a “cultural congress” at the picturesque castle of Lauenstein in Thuringia. The congress had been organized by the publicist Eugen Diederichs of Jena and by the Patriotic Society for Thuringia 1914. The moment was a particularly tense one in the life of the embattled German Reich. Against the advice of many cooler heads within the country, Germany had declared unrestricted submarine warfare in January, which together with other antagonistic moves on its part, had led to the entry of the United States into the war in April. By this point it was clear to all but the most indefatigable optimists that Germany would lose the war. In this atmosphere of dread and of new hope that a phoenix-like new Germany or a new humanity would arise out of the ashes of the war, the participants outlined their visions of the future. The eccentric former Social Democrat-turned-nationalist Max Maurenbrecher denounced capitalist mechanization but called for a revival of the traditional Prussian concept of the state, for an “idealistic state” and for workers to be educated towards national consciousness by means of the German literary and philosophical classics (Kaesler, 747–52).

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
World's Fairs ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The West ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
International Expositions ◽  
The Future ◽  
World’S Fairs ◽  
State Functions

While diminished audience numbers and the impossible scale of resources required to successfully pull off international expositions over the last fifty years suggests that their days are numbered in the West, the extraordinary draw of the 2010 Shanghai Expo (73.1 million) demonstrates that the form is far from dead. The massive resources that flowed into that expo and the 2020 Dubai Exposition would suggest that top-down economies, ones where the state functions as the seat of corporate power, can create an attractive platform for any ambitious nation to seek out a seat at the table. The future of representation at world’s fairs may thus be more about ‘nationalising the sell’ than representing nation.

The ‘Carlingford Culture’, the Long Barrow and the Neolithic of Great Britain and Ireland

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 234-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruaidhrí de Valéra
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
The West ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

There are at the moment several indications that a re-assessment of the problems of the neolithic in Britain and Ireland is required. Since the virtual discovery of the primary neolithic some thirty years ago, so vast has the field become that it is no longer possible for an individual to be familiar with all the material and it is inevitable that each will tend to see the whole from the viewpoint of his own special interest and region. In these circumstances, during the course of any re-assessment, workers on various aspects are especially liable to find themselves at cross-purposes. Moreover, in the developments which followed the brilliant pioneer syntheses many ideas have become traditional and tend to be accepted as axiomatic. The alteration or abandonment of such ideas may prove difficult and more difficult still may be the emendation or rejection of conclusions based on them.Ireland lies to the west of Britain. To review the whole scene in any detail from a standpoint in Ireland would involve discussing at second-hand too much of the material on which current views are based and such is not the intention. These notes are designed merely to comment on some general issues which have been and may well in the future be sources of difficulty and misunderstanding, and in particular to deal with the Irish court cairns which have been the subject of recent discussion. It is scarcely to be hoped that they will obviate controversy, but they may help a little towards the mutual understanding of differences.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

Obecny stan badań nad Zagładą na Ukrainie

2014 ◽  
pp. 889-915
Author(s):  
Anna Abakunkova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Holocaust Studies ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Future

The article examines the state of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine for the period of 2010 – beginning of 2014. The review analyzes activities of major research and educational organizations in Ukraine which have significant part of projects devoted to the Holocaust; main publications and discussions on the Holocaust in Ukraine, including publications of Ukrainian authors in academic European and American journals. The article illustrates contemporary tendencies and conditions of the Holocaust Studies in Ukraine, defines major problems and shows perspectives of the future development of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine.

The origins of the Catholic Social Guild in Scotland: ‘We have not attacked the Socialists professedly’

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Potocki
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Social Message ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
The Catholic Church

The activities of John Wheatley's Catholic Socialist Society have been analysed in terms of liberating Catholics from clerical dictation in political matters. Yet, beyond the much-discussed clerical backlash against Wheatley, there has been little scholarly attention paid to a more constructive response offered by progressive elements within the Catholic Church. The discussion that follows explores the development of the Catholic social movement from 1906, when the Catholic Socialist Society was formed, up until 1918 when the Catholic Social Guild, an organisation founded by the English Jesuit Charles Plater, had firmly established its local presence in the west of Scotland. This organisation played an important role in the realignment of Catholic politics in this period, and its main activity was the dissemination of the Church's social message among the working-class laity. The Scottish Catholic Church, meanwhile, thanks in large part to Archbishop John Aloysius Maguire of Glasgow, became more amenable to social reform and democracy.

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