scholarly journals Health Numeracy Confidence among Racial/ Ethnica Minorities in HINTS 2007: Sociodemographic, Attitudinal, and Knowledge Correlates

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Huang ◽  
Yiu Ming Chan ◽  
Dong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Numeracy ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

Health numeracy skills help people interpret health risks, and make effective medical decisions. Lower health numeracy confidence was observed for blacks and Hispanic groups than whites. Little is known about the important factors that explain racial differences in health numeracy confidence. For this study, we used a nationally representative, cross-sectional data sample of 4,610 U.S. adults from the National Cancer Institute’s 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey. Bivariate (Chi-squares) and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the contribution factors that predict health numeracy confidence.Non-linear Fairlie decompositions were used to quantify the factor contributions to racial differences in health numeracy confidence. The priority rankings of the important factors to explain the health numeracy confidence racial and ethnic disparities are different depending on the particular racial and ethnic group. Diverse, culturally appropriate approaches are needed to improve numeracy confidence for specific racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Morales ◽  
R Jason Yong
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

Abstract Objective To summarize the current literature on disparities in the treatment of chronic pain. Methods We focused on studies conducted in the United States and published from 2000 and onward. Studies of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional designs were included. Results A review of the current literature revealed that an adverse association between non-White race and treatment of chronic pain is well supported. Studies have also shown that racial differences exist in the long-term monitoring for opioid misuse among patients suffering from chronic pain. In addition, a patient’s sociodemographic profile appears to influence the relationship between chronic pain and quality of life. Results from interventional studies were mixed. Conclusions Disparities exist within the treatment of chronic pain. Currently, it is unclear how to best combat these disparities. Further work is needed to understand why disparities exist and to identify points in patients’ treatment when they are most vulnerable to unequal care. Such work will help guide the development and implementation of effective interventions.

Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Harm From Specific Tobacco Products: Findings From the H.I.N.T. Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110261
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Joshua E. Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Medical Recommendations

Purpose: Determine whether dual tobacco users have different levels of knowledge about nicotine addiction, perceived harm beliefs of low nicotine cigarettes (LNCs) and beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) Design: Quantitative, Cross-sectional Setting: Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (Cycle 3, 2019) Participants: Nationally representative adult non-smokers (n=3113), exclusive cigarette smokers (n=302), and dual (cigarette and e-cigarette) users (n=77). Measures: The survey included single item measures on whether nicotine causes addiction and whether nicotine causes cancer. A five-point Likert scale assessed comparative harm of e-cigarettes and LNCs relative to conventional combustible cigarettes (1=much more harmful, 3=equally harmful…5 = much less harmful, or don’t know). Analysis: We used weighted multiple linear regression model to estimate means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of e-cigarettes and LNCs beliefs by current tobacco user status. Results: Over 97% of dual users, 83% of non-smokers and 86% of exclusive cigarette smokers correctly identified that nicotine is addictive. The majority of subjects incorrectly identified nicotine as a cause of cancer, with dual users having the lowest proportion of incorrect responses (60%). Dual users rated e-cigarette harmfulness as less harmful than combustibles (mean=2.20; 95% CI=1.73, 2.66) while exclusive cigarette smokers and non-smokers rated them as similarly harmful. LNCs were considered equally harmful and addictive as conventional cigarettes. Conclusion: Dual users had a higher knowledge base of tobacco-related health effects. The effectiveness of policies or medical recommendations to encourage smokers to switch from cigarettes to LNCs or e-cigarettes will need to consider accurate and inaccurate misperceptions about the harm and addictiveness of nicotine. Improved public health messages about different tobacco products are needed.

scholarly journals Patient Portal Barriers and Group Differences: Cross-Sectional National Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kea Turner ◽  
Alecia Clary ◽  
Young-Rock Hong ◽  
Amir Alishahi Tabriz ◽  
Christopher M Shea
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Patient Portals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

BACKGROUND Past studies examining barriers to patient portal adoption have been conducted with a small number of patients and health care settings, limiting generalizability. OBJECTIVE This study had the following two objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of barriers to patient portal adoption among nonadopters and (2) to examine the association between nonadopter characteristics and reported barriers in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from this study were obtained from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. We calculated descriptive statistics to determine the most prevalent barriers and conducted multiple variable logistic regression analysis to examine which characteristics were associated with the reported barriers. RESULTS The sample included 4815 individuals. Among these, 2828 individuals (58.73%) had not adopted a patient portal. Among the nonadopters (n=2828), the most prevalent barriers were patient preference for in-person communication (1810/2828, 64.00%), no perceived need for the patient portal (1385/2828, 48.97%), and lack of comfort and experience with computers (735/2828, 25.99%). Less commonly, individuals reported having no patient portal (650/2828, 22.98%), no internet access (650/2828, 22.98%), privacy concerns (594/2828, 21.00%), difficulty logging on (537/2828, 18.99%), and multiple patient portals (255/2828, 9.02%) as barriers. Men had significantly lower odds of indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider compared with women (odds ratio [OR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.94; <i>P</i>=.01). Older age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), having a chronic condition (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.44-2.33; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and having an income lower than US $20,000 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34; <i>P</i>=.01) were positively associated with indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider. Hispanic individuals had significantly higher odds of indicating that they had no need for a patient portal (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) compared with non-Hispanic individuals. Older individuals (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), individuals with less than a high school diploma (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.79-5.53; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and individuals with a household income of less than US $20,000 (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.88-4.11; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) had significantly higher odds of indicating that they were uncomfortable with a computer. CONCLUSIONS The most common barriers to patient portal adoption are preference for in-person communication, not having a need for the patient portal, and feeling uncomfortable with computers, which are barriers that are modifiable and can be intervened upon. Patient characteristics can help predict which patients are most likely to experience certain barriers to patient portal adoption. Further research is needed to tailor implementation approaches based on patients’ needs and preferences.

scholarly journals 2458 Determining the prevalence and associated multilevel characteristics of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Kristen Nwanyanwu ◽  
Marcella Nunez-Smith ◽  
Mayur Desai ◽  
Thomas Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Nationally Representative

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults aged 25–64 years. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is projected to increase 4-fold by 2050. Racial and ethnic minorities have a higher prevalence and greater severity of diabetic retinopathy. Over 50% of racial and ethnic minorities are not screened for diabetic retinopathy per guidelines. With timely diagnosis and sight-saving treatment, blindness from diabetic retinopathy is largely preventable. The objective of this study is to identify racial and ethnic disparities in the population that do not know they have diabetic retinopathy and to compare those disparities to those in the population that do know they have diabetic retinopathy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Specifically, we have identified a nationally representative survey and clinical examination data to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy, to identify racial and ethnic disparities in that population, and to compare those disparities in the population with known diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesize that racial and ethnic disparities will be higher in the population with undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy in comparison to the population with known diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that racial and ethnic disparities will be higher in the population with undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy in comparison to the population with known diabetic retinopathy. The results of that analysis will instruct qualitative interviews that will advance the understanding of the factors that contribute to the decision whether to be screened for diabetic retinopathy. A decision tree will be created to categorize the hierarchy of barriers and facilitators. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: A better understanding of the population with undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy and the factors that influence the decision to get screened will help us not only to address disparities in diabetic retinopathy, but also to prevent blindness from retinopathy.

scholarly journals Occupational Differences by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2007-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Kusum Singh
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Occupational Differences ◽  
The U.S

This study examines the extent and reasons for differences in occupational distributions by race and ethnicity in the U.S. labor market from 2007 to 2018. Using IPUMS data, the study found that racial differences in occupational distributions were lower than ethnic disparities in occupational distributions. Racial disparity in occupational distributions increased slightly, while the ethnic disparity in occupational distributions decreased from 2007 to 2018. Most importantly, racial and ethnic disparities in occupational distributions were found to be not only due to observed socio-demographic variables of workers but also due to other unexplained factors. The effect of unexplained variables had more pronounced effects on the racial differences in occupational distributions than on the ethnic differences in occupational distributions. 

scholarly journals Garden Access, Race and Vegetable Acquisition among U.S. Adults: Findings from a National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12059
Author(s):  
Joelle N. Robinson-Oghogho ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
National Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Home Consumption

With the majority of U.S. adults not meeting recommended vegetable intakes and well-documented racial and ethnic disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption, various approaches to increase vegetable consumption have been implemented. Gardening is one approach that has been associated with increased vegetable consumption in various subpopulations; however, limited national data exist examining this relationship. Since vegetable acquisition is a necessary antecedent to increased vegetable consumption, this study examines if garden access is associated with vegetable acquisition among adults in a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. Data come from the National Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey (FAPS), a survey of 4826 US households. Descriptive analysis and modified Poisson regressions were performed to examine associations between household garden access and vegetable acquisition amongst the total population and by race. Results indicate that for foods for at-home consumption, respondents with their own garden had a 30% greater prevalence (PR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.64) of acquiring enough vegetables to meet USDA recommendations compared to respondents in households without access to any gardens. Among Black respondents, those with access to their own garden had over two times increased prevalence (PR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.01) of acquiring enough vegetables to meet recommended consumption amounts, compared to Black respondents without any access to a garden. No relationships between garden access and vegetable acquisition were observed for White or Asian respondents. This information may contribute to the body of evidence on strategies for increasing vegetable consumption among U.S. adults.

Recent, national trends in US adolescent use of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056970
Author(s):  
Richard A Miech ◽  
Adam M Leventhal ◽  
Lloyd D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

ObjectiveIn light of the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposal to ban menthol cigarettes, this study updates trends in menthol cigarette use among adolescents age 13–18 years up to the year 2020. The study considers a potential role for the ban to reduce black/non-black disparities in menthol cigarette use, as well as a counterargument that a ban is not necessary because menthol use is already diminishing.MethodsData are from annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys of 85 547 8th, 10th and 12th grade students surveyed between 2012 and 2020. Analyses include trends in past 30-day menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking among the total adolescent population, as well as stratified by race/ethnicity.ResultsDeclines in adolescent menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking continued through 2020 so that in 2018–2020 past 30-day prevalence for each was less than 1% for non-Hispanic black adolescents and less than 2.2% for non-black adolescents. For non-Hispanic black adolescents no smoking declines in mentholated or non-mentholated cigarette use from 2015–2017 to 2018–2020 were statistically significant, in part because prevalence levels approached a floor effect and had little room to fall further. Menthol levels were lower for non-Hispanic black versus all other adolescents in all study years.ConclusionsContinuing declines in adolescent menthol prevalence indicate that both menthol prevalence and also black/non-black disparities in its use are steadily decreasing. However, these decreases in adolescence will take decades to reach later ages through generational replacement. Efforts to accelerate menthol decreases will require new initiatives to increase cessation among adult menthol users.

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