scholarly journals Modern China’s Idols: Heroes, Role Models, Stars and Celebrities

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M Jeffreys
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Broadcast Television ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sixtieth Anniversary

This paper examines the diversity of China’s popular culture idols with reference to a commemorative website called ‘The Search for Modern China’, which was launched in late September 2009 to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party on 1 October 1949. The website’s framing narrative suggests that the history of idol production and celebrity in the PRC can be viewed crudely as marked by disjuncture: the decline of heavy-handed Party-state involvement in the propagandistic manufacturing of socialist idols of production, followed by the grafted-on rise of western-style media-manufactured celebrities as idols of capitalist consumption. However, an analysis of the website’s pantheon of idols reveals that while some idols from the Maoist and early reform period have been relegated to the realm of fiction, revolutionary kitsch or are now simply passé, others remain very much alive in the popular imagination. A state-led project of promoting patriotic education has ensured the coexistence in commercial popular culture of revolutionary idols and contemporary celebrities, via memory sites associated with broadcast television, DVDs and the Internet, and the historical locations, museums and monuments of ‘red tourism.’

scholarly journals Practice of Running Dyeing & Weaving Weekly in the Republic of China and Dissemination of Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bochong Zhao ◽  
Kehui Deng
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technology Dissemination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Dyeing & Weaving Weekly (1935-1941) is a scientific and technological periodical which has been published for a long time and has never been interrupted in the field of textile in modern China. The journal publishes a large number of the latest achievements in textile science and technology, and is an important historical material and typical case for the study of modern science and technology dissemination. Rich in content, Dyeing & Weaving Weekly focuses on solving practical problems in the textile industry and guiding the direction of scientific research, which not only promotes the dissemination of textile science and technology but also contributes to the development of the textile industry. Therefore, from the perspective of science and technology communication and the history of newspapers and periodicals, this paper examines the practice and communication strategies of Dyeing & Textile Weekly, in order to prove that Dyeing & Textile Weekly has a positive impact on science and technology communication in modern China, and also provides experience reference for the development of contemporary science and technology periodicals in China, which has certain reference significance.

‘Homoeopathy flourishes in the far East’: A forgotten history of homeopathy in late nineteenth-century China

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Di Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Far East ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Healing Services

Homeopathy and its transnational transmission have received significant attention from historians of medicine. But the emergence of homeopathy in modern Chinese society has remained little explored. This article identifies the homeopathic practitioners arriving in nineteenth-century China, and then explores their origins, efforts and sense of professional identity in a transnational context. The history of homeopathy in China is found to begin in the late nineteenth century, during which the growth of the Christian missionary enterprise promoted the arrival of sporadic Euro-American homeopathic practitioners, also missionaries, in coastal regions of China. Almost all of them received professional training in American homeopathic medical institutions; and most of them were females, providing additional opportunities for local women patients to receive treatment. The practitioners recognized homeopathy and their collective homeopathic identity, but their healing services were not necessarily essentially homeopathic. Homeopathy that they learnt also evolved and transacted with exotic knowledge during its globalization. Under the influence of homeopathy, some Euro-Americans claimed to have discovered homeopathic elements in Chinese medical ideas and practice. The early history of homeopathy explored in this article helps deconstruct the popular imagination of a coherent ‘Western medicine’ in modern China.

scholarly journals Political and socio-Economic Modernization of Modern China: The Dynamics of Ideological and Worldview Accents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
S. А. Prosekov
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Characteristic ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Opening Up

The article describes the history of the development of the economy and socio-political relations within the People’s Republic of China during the “reforms and opening up” since December 1978 The article gives a history of the progress of reforms before Xi Jinping came to power The paper examines each leader’s contribution from four generations of the country’s leaders in solving the problems of implementing economic and political reforms The author of the article describes the methods used by the leaders of the Celestial Empire to modernise the country to improve the wellbeing of the population and build “socialism with Chinese characteristic” The article provides a brief description of the achievements and failures in the process of leading the country by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao.

The Simultaneity of Compliance and Resistance (既顺从又抗爭：佛教、虛雲與五十年代的中共政权)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-246
Author(s):  
Hung-yok Ip
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Chinese Buddhism ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Chinese Buddhists

To examine the history of Chinese Buddhism in the early Communist regime, I propose to study Xuyun (虛雲, 1840–1958), one of the pre-eminent monks in modern China. I will delineate the ways in which Xuyun brought his religion in line with Marxist politics. To help Buddhism secure a place in the early People’s Republic of China, he took part in the construction of a new Buddhism compatible with socialist ideology. However, I would venture to conceptualize as resistance some of Xuyun’s efforts to preserve Buddhism. This article examines his resistance at two levels. First, while working hard to prove the value of Buddhism to the state, Xuyun mounted what can be regarded as rightful resistance. When possible, he confronted policies and authorities that hurt the sangha, but did so without challenging the legitimacy of theccp. Second, in the 1950s, Xuyun strove to instruct Chinese Buddhists in self-cultivation. As he shared his experience and knowledge about spiritual practice with fellow Buddhists, he showed them, especially monastics, how to uphold Buddhist ideals in a political context marked by hostility towards religions.為了探究五十年代中共政權下的佛教歷史，本文探討現代中國最傑出的法師之一，虛雲法師 (1840–1958) 如何調整自己的宗教来適應馬克思主義政權。為了使佛教能夠在新中國成立之初生存，虛雲法師參與了構建與社會主義意識形態相適應的新佛教。但是，本文進一步嘗試把虛雲法師保存佛教的一些努力定義為抗爭，細究他在如下兩個方面的反抗：首先，在向國家證明佛教價值的同時，虛雲始終在正當性的名義下進行抗爭。在不挑戰中共政權合法性的前提下，他試圖抵抗對僧團不利的政策和政治權威。其次，虛雲法師在50年代堅持延續佛教、特别是禪宗的修行傳統。他希望佛門弟子，尤其是僧人，能在反宗教的政治氣候下繼續延續佛教的理念—这，對虛雲而言，是更重要的抗爭。

Mu Dan’s Poetry as a History of Modern China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Helen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
New Culture Movement ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Free Spirit ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Modern China

An expeditionary force soldier. A jungle war survivor. A patriot who traded opportunities in the United States for a tedious journey home to the newly founded People’s Republic of China. A “counterrevolutionary.” A forced laborer who spent the last third of his life translating English and Russian literature.—A poet. Careful study of Mu Dan’s (1918–1977) poetry enables us to explore a string of moments in modern China’s transformation. Twenty-two poems by Mu Dan have been selected as a history of China from the climax of the New Culture Movement (1919) through the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1976). Fusing linguistic audacity, philosophical acumen, and historical vision, they weave a thread of themes illuminating the tortured path of a nation and an individual. Further, they span a spectrum of sentiments ranging from those of ordinary people to those of extraordinary intellectuals. To reveal the turning points in modern China’s history, the twenty-two poems have been contextualized along two axes. A vertical axis, the thread of themes, consists of eleven motifs developed and revisited by Mu Dan from 1940 through 1976; they are: Youth, War, Disillusion, Maturity, Sacrifice, Exposure, Enlightenment, Conversion, Awakening, Anguish, and Reflection. A horizontal axis, the spectrum of sentiments, exhibits Mu Dan’s contradictory attitudes toward modern China’s transformation by identifying him with his countrymen or distancing him from them as a free spirit and cultural critic. This conceptual framework assists in examining the interaction between history and literature. It demonstrates how modern China’s history informs, provokes, and shapes a poet whose life span coincides with it and, at the same time, how poetry can be and is being read as history itself. This reading allows more than new access to the historical events that mold a poet and his poetry. Reading poetry as history uncovers lost sentiments, struggles, observations, and critiques that advance our understanding of modern China.

Sir Robert Hart and the Writing of Modern Chinese History

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Chihyun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Modern China ◽  
Academic Debate

AbstractThis article examines the conflicts in writing the imperial modern history of China among various stakeholders, particularly Chinese and American historians, and their dealing with a set of personal documents of Sir Robert Hart, Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Services (CMCS) during the Qing period. This set of documents is called “Hart Industry” and contains Hart's personal papers and seventy-seven volumes of diaries, among others. Revealing the imperial Inspector-General's view on “westernization” in modern China, the Hart Industry played a key role in the development of the history of modern China throughout the twentieth century. From around 1957 until 1995, the diaries became a source of a highly politicized academic debate between Chinese Communist historians of the People's Republic of China and western historians of the Hart Industry. By providing a “study of studies” on the historiography of the colonial modern history of China, this article argues that the Hart diaries were critical to historians’ understanding of their own academic discourse.

The Legalization of Reincarnation of Living Buddha

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Central Tibet ◽  
First Time

<p>Reincarnation of living Buddha is an important unique element in Tibetan Buddhism, and is indeed one of the crucial issues related to the “Tibetan Question”. In general, the legalization of the reincarnation has been witnessing a gradually deepening process. In 1793, the Qing court established the Golden Urn method and promulgated <i>the 29-Article Imperial Decree for Better Governing in Tibet</i>, marking the beginning of the legalization of reincarnation. In 1936, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China approved <i>Measures on the Reincarnation of Lamas </i>which applied in peripheral regions outside Central Tibet. In 2007, the People’s Republic of China issued <i>Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas</i> that for the first time brought all the reincarnation systems in line with the rule of law. Historically, the legalization of reincarnation was the result of the game between secular regimes and Tibetan Buddhism sects. In essence, the legalization of reincarnation in modern China is rooted in a particular historical continuity since the Qing dynasty. The article aimed to develop a better understanding of the reasons underlying the legalization of reincarnation and provide the theoretical basis and factual basis for solving the current crucial issues surrounding reincarnation. It also discussed the crucial questions around reincarnation based on the legalization history of reincarnation.</p>

The Legalization of Reincarnation of Living Buddha

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Central Tibet ◽  
First Time

<p>Reincarnation of living Buddha is an important unique element in Tibetan Buddhism, and is indeed one of the crucial issues related to the “Tibetan Question”. In general, the legalization of the reincarnation has been witnessing a gradually deepening process. In 1793, the Qing court established the Golden Urn method and promulgated <i>the 29-Article Imperial Decree for Better Governing in Tibet</i>, marking the beginning of the legalization of reincarnation. In 1936, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China approved <i>Measures on the Reincarnation of Lamas </i>which applied in peripheral regions outside Central Tibet. In 2007, the People’s Republic of China issued <i>Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas</i> that for the first time brought all the reincarnation systems in line with the rule of law. Historically, the legalization of reincarnation was the result of the game between secular regimes and Tibetan Buddhism sects. In essence, the legalization of reincarnation in modern China is rooted in a particular historical continuity since the Qing dynasty. The article aimed to develop a better understanding of the reasons underlying the legalization of reincarnation and provide the theoretical basis and factual basis for solving the current crucial issues surrounding reincarnation. It also discussed the crucial questions around reincarnation based on the legalization history of reincarnation.</p>

Freedom of the Press in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Historical Accounts

Western commentators have often criticized the state of press freedom in China, arguing that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restrictions and that its mass media remains under an authoritarian mode. Yet the history of press freedom in the Chinese context has received little examination. Unlike conventional historical accounts which narrate the institutional development of censorship and people’s resistance to arbitrary repression, Freedom of the Press in China: A Conceptual History, 1831-1949 is the first comprehensive study presenting the intellectual trajectory of press freedom. It sheds light on the transcultural transference and localization of the concept in modern Chinese history, spanning from its initial introduction in 1831 to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. By examining intellectuals’ thoughts, common people’s attitudes, and official opinions, along with the social-cultural factors that were involved in negotiating Chinese interpretations and practices in history, this book uncovers the dynamic and changing meanings of press freedom in modern China.

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