Một số đặc điểm sinh học phân tử của vi khuẩn đường ruột kháng kháng sinh nhóm β- lactam phổ rộng phân lập được tại cộng đồng xã Thanh Hà, huyện Thanh Liêm, tỉnh Hà Nam, năm 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Trần Đắc Tiến ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Phương Liên ◽  
Trần Huy Hoàng ◽  
Nguyễn Thanh Dương ◽  
Nguyễn Minh Thái ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype V

Nghiên cứu sư dung các kỹ thuật trong phòng thí nghiệm nhằm mô tả một số đặc điểm sinh học phân tư của vi khuân đường ruột kháng kháng sinh nhóm β- lactam phổ rộng phân lập được tại cộng đồng xã Thanh Hà huyện Thanh Liêm, tỉnh Hà Nam, năm 2015. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ chủng vi khuân đường ruột (VKĐR) kháng kháng sinh (KKS) nhóm β- lactam phổ rộng mang gen TEM, CTX được xác định trên các loại mẫu khác nhau chiếm đa số, tỷ lệ tương ứng trên các mẫu lần lượt là 47,6% và 37,0% (265 mẫu phân người khoẻ mạnh); 42,4% và 55,6% (trên 125 mẫu phân động vật nuôi); 4,4% và 1,3% (trên 160 mẫu thức ăn đã chế biến), và 14,8%, 13,2% (trên 182 mẫu nước ăn uống/sinh hoạt). Phân tích mối liên hệ kiểu gen của 88 chủng VKĐR KKS nhóm cephalosporin thế hệ 3 bằng kỹ thuật PFGE cho thấy có 14 genotype được xác định bao gồm genotype I đến genotype XIV; trong đó, phát hiện được 28 chủng vi khuân có tương đồng trên 80% trong nhóm genotype V. Cần thực hiện các nghiên cứu tiếp theo để xác định mối liên quan và sự lây truyền của các chủng VKĐR kháng kháng sinh cephalosporin thế hệ 3 trong cộng đồng dân cư.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tajima ◽  
Satoshi Taniguchi ◽  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Takahiro Maeki ◽  
Takuya Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
E Region ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Genotype V

Genotype V (GV) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has emerged in Korea and China since 2009. Recent findings suggest that current Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines may reduce the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV compared to other genotypes. This study sought to produce a novel live attenuated JE vaccine with a high efficacy against GV JEV. Genotype I (GI)-GV intertypic recombinant strain rJEV-EXZ0934-M41 (EXZ0934), in which the E region of the GI Mie/41/2002 strain was replaced with that of GV strain XZ0934, was introduced with the same 10 attenuation substitutions in the E region found in the live attenuated JE vaccine strain SA 14-14-2 to produce a novel mutant virus rJEV-EXZ/SA14142m-M41 (EXZ/SA14142m). In addition, another mutant rJEV-EM41/SA14142m-M41 (EM41/SA14142m), which has the same substitutions in the Mie/41/2002, was also produced. The neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence of the two mutant viruses were significantly reduced in mice. The mutant viruses induced neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV in mice. The growth of EXZ/SA14142m was lower than that of EM41/SA14142m. In mouse challenge tests, a single inoculation with a high dose of the mutants blocked lethal GV JEV infections; however, the protective efficacy of EXZ/SA14142m was weaker than that of EM41/SA14142m in low-dose inoculations. The lower protection potency of EXZ/SA14142m may be ascribed to the reduced growth ability caused by the attenuation mutations.

scholarly journals Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Sudeep ◽  
Pragya D. Yadav ◽  
Mangesh D. Gokhale ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Background In June 2019, Nipah virus (NiV) infection was detected in a 21-year-old male (index case) of Ernakulum, Kerala, India. This study was undertaken to determine if NiV was in circulation in Pteropus species (spp) in those areas where the index case had visit history in 1 month. Methods Specialized techniques were used to trap the Pteropus medius bats (random sampling) in the vicinity of the index case area. Throat and rectal swabs samples of 141 bats along with visceral organs of 92 bats were collected to detect the presence of NiV by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Serum samples of 52 bats were tested for anti-NiV Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The complete genome of NiV was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from the tissues and swab samples of bats. Results One rectal swab sample and three bats visceral organs were found positive for the NiV. Interestingly, 20.68% (12/58) of Pteropus were positive for anti-NiV IgG antibodies. NiV sequences of 18,172; 17,200 and 15,100 nucleotide bps could be retrieved from three Pteropus bats. Conclusion A distinct cluster of NiV sequences, with significant net-evolutionary nucleotide divergence, was obtained, suggesting the circulation of new genotype (I-India) in South India. NiV Positivity in Pteropus spp. of bats revealed that NiV is circulating in many districts of Kerala state, and active surveillance of NiV should be immediately set up to know the hotspot area for NiV infection.

scholarly journals Nationwide Distribution of Dengue Virus Type 3 (DENV-3) Genotype I and Emergence of DENV-3 Genotype III during the 2019 Outbreak in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Snigdha Rahman Titir ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
Salma Ahmed ◽  
Nazia Haque ◽  
Syeda Anjuman Nasreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Type 3 ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Bangladesh is an endemic region of dengue fever and experienced an unprecedented large outbreak with more than 100,000 confirmed cases in 2019. To understand the prevalence of dengue antibody in patients and molecular epidemiological characteristics of dengue virus (DENV) in this outbreak, a total of 179 blood samples were collected from patients in 10 districts (seven divisions) covering nearly the whole country from August to December 2019. DENV NS-1 was detected in 162 samples, among which DENV-specific IgM was positive in 119 samples (73.5%), including 60.5% samples also positive for DENV-specific IgG. Sequencing of the partial C-prM gene and its phylogenetic analysis revealed predominance of DENV type 3 genotype I, accounting for 93% of samples examined. DENV-3 genotype III was identified in two samples from separate districts, and only one DENV-2 cosmopolitan genotype was found in the capital city, Dhaka. These findings suggest the predominance of DENV-3 genotype I and occurrence of DENV-3 genotype III, associated with increased incidence of recent secondary infection in Bangladesh in 2019.

scholarly journals Investigation of an EHV-1 Outbreak in the United States Caused by a New H752 Genotype

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Nicola Pusterla ◽  
Samantha Barnum ◽  
Julia Miller ◽  
Sarah Varnell ◽  
Barbara Dallap-Schaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Nasal Secretions

Here we report on an EHV-1 outbreak investigation caused by a novel genotype H752 (histidine in amino acid position 752 of the ORF 30 gene). The outbreak involved 31 performance horses. Horses were monitored over a period of 35 days for clinical signs, therapeutic outcome and qPCR results of EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions. The morbidity of the EHV-1 outbreak was 84% with 26 clinically infected horses displaying fever and less frequently anorexia and distal limb edema. Four horses showed mild transient neurological deficits. Clinically diseased horses experienced high viral load of EHV-1 in blood and/or nasal secretions via qPCR, while subclinically infected horses had detectable EHV-1 mainly in nasal secretions. The majority of infected horses showed a rise in antibody titers to EHV-1 during the outbreak. All 31 horses were treated with valacyclovir, while clinically infected horses further received flunixin meglumine and sodium heparin. This investigation highlights various relevant aspects of an EHV-1 outbreak caused by a new H752 genotype: (i) importance of early detection of EHV-1 infection; (ii) diagnostic challenge to assess H752 genotype; (iii) apparent benefit of valacyclovir use in the early stage of the outbreak; and (iv) weekly testing of blood and nasal secretions by qPCR in order to monitor individual infection status and lift quarantine.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Muddassar Hameed ◽  
Abdul Wahaab ◽  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Sawar Khan ◽  
Jawad Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Iii

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous outbreaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of JEV genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and the humans and equines are dead-end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for the JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals, especially birds, that live in high abundance and close proximity to the human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in the JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to the JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on the poultry industry in the future, a perspective that has been neglected for a long time. We also discuss the recent in vitro and in vivo studies that show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.

scholarly journals High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes Identified in Cryptosporidiosis Acquired in Sweden and Abroad

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Marianne Lebbad ◽  
Jadwiga Winiecka-Krusnell ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold ◽  
Jessica Beser
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
High Diversity

The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was achieved using small subunit ribosomal RNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein gene analysis. Samples were available for 398 patients, of whom 250 (63%) and 138 (35%) had acquired the infection in Sweden and abroad, respectively. Species identification was successful for 95% (379/398) of the samples, revealing 12 species/genotypes: Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 299), C. hominis (n = 49), C. meleagridis (n = 8), C. cuniculus (n = 5), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (n = 5), C. felis (n = 4), C. erinacei (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. suis, C. viatorum, C. ditrichi, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype. One patient was co-infected with C. parvum and C. hominis. Subtyping was successful for all species/genotypes, except for C. ditrichi, and revealed large diversity, with 29 subtype families (including 4 novel ones: C. parvum IIr, IIs, IIt, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype VIc) and 81 different subtypes. The most common subtype families were IIa (n = 164) and IId (n = 118) for C. parvum and Ib (n = 26) and Ia (n = 12) for C. hominis. Infections caused by the zoonotic C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId dominated both in patients infected in Sweden and abroad, while most C. hominis cases were travel-related. Infections caused by non-hominis and non-parvum species were quite common (8%) and equally represented in cases infected in Sweden and abroad.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I – An emerging cause of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 104895
Author(s):  
Ioana Bujila ◽  
Karin Troell ◽  
Karolina Fischerström ◽  
Marie Nordahl ◽  
Gustav Killander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype I

scholarly journals Infection of the central nervous system with dengue virus 3 genotype I causing neurological manifestations in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Machado ◽  
Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida ◽  
Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Sequence Analysis: an Approach for Genotyping Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Reference Strains and Other Aquabirnaviruses Isolated from Northwestern Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cutrín ◽  
J. L. Barja ◽  
B. L. Nicholson ◽  
I. Bandín ◽  
S. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT Reference strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus resembling the 10 recognized serotypes and local isolates of aquabirnaviruses isolated in northwestern Spain from reservoirs (mollusks) and from asymptomatic and carrier cultured fish were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleic acid sequence analyses. The RFLP analysis yielded seven genogroups, each of which was clearly correlated with a serotype. Sequence analysis of the three open reading frames provided quite similar results in terms of genogrouping. Based on the results of this study and in order to unify the two types of assays, we propose placing aquabirnaviruses into six genogroups, four of which can be subdivided into two genotypes based on a two-step restriction analysis. The genotyping corresponds with serotyping as follows: genogroup I includes two genotypes corresponding to serotypes A9 (genotype I.1) and A1 (genotype I.2); genogroup II corresponds to serotype A3; genogroup III includes genotypes III.1 (serotype A2) and III.2 (serotype B1); genogroups IV and V include two genotypes, each corresponding to serotypes A5, A6, A7, and A8 (genotypes IV.1, IV.2, V.1, and V.2, respectively);and genogroup VI corresponds to serotype A4. As expected, most local isolates belonged to genotype III.1 and genogroup II. However, a few local isolates corresponded to the American types of genogroup I. Finally, based on the results of this study and due to its simplicity, the two-step restriction analysis assay is proposed as a method for typing new isolates of aquabirnaviruses, and the results correspond to the results of conventional serotyping.

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