scholarly journals Changes in the chemical composition of typical chernozem in Kursk region during the conversion of bare fallow to the disused land

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Aluminum Iron ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Kursk Region

After 20 years of the replacement of bare fallow with a disused land at typical chernozem, the content of the main organogenic elements increased: carbon by 43%, hydrogen by 31%, nitrogen by 25%. But yet, the restitution of the organic carbon content comes very slowly, at the rate of about 0.05% per year, which must be taken into account when regulating the humus state of arable soils. The content of the main macronutrients - silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, which constitute the basis of the mineral part of the soil, has not changed significantly during this period. At the same time, in the upper part of the profile of the fallow typical chernozem, the content of some mineral elements, actively involved in the biological circulation of substances, increased. First of all, this concerns such elements as phosphorus, chromium, plumbum, sulfur and zinc, to a lesser extent manganese, calcium and magnesium. Ключевые слова: TYPICAL CHERNOZEM, BARE FALLOW, DISUSED LAND, MACRONUTRIENTS, MICRONUTRIENTS.

scholarly journals Microbial soil characteristics of grassland and arable soils linked to thermogravimetry data: correlations, use and limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Doležalová-Weissmannová ◽  
Stanislav Malý ◽  
Martin Brtnický ◽  
Jiří Holátko ◽  
Michael Scott Demyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Thermogravimetry (TG) is a simple method that enables rapid analysis of soil properties such as the content of total organic C, nitrogen, clay and C fractions with different stability. However, the possible link between TG data and microbiological soil properties has not been systematically tested yet and limits TG application for soil and soil organic matter assessment. This work aimed to search and to validate relationships of thermal mass losses (TML) to total C and N contents, microbial biomass C and N, basal and substrate-induced respiration, extractable organic carbon content, anaerobic ammonification, urease activity, short-term nitrification activity, specific growth rate, and time to reach the maximum respiration rate for two sample sets of arable and grassland soils. Analyses of the training soil set revealed significant correlations of TML with basic soil properties such as carbon and nitrogen content with distinguishing linear regression parameters and temperatures of correlating mass losses for arable and grassland soils. In a second stage the equations of significant correlations were used for validation with an independent second sample set. This confirmed applicability of developed equations for prediction of microbiological properties mainly for arable soils. For grassland soils was the applicability lower, which was explained as the influence of rhizosphere processes. Nevertheless, the application of TG can facilitate the understanding of changes in soil caused by microorganism’s activity and the different regression equations between TG and soil parameters reflect changes in proportions between soil components caused by land use management.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.) Leaf Chemical Composition on Some Soil Properties of Differently Aged Rubber Tree Plantations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porntip Puttaso ◽  
Weravart Namanusart ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Bhanudacha Kamolmanit ◽  
Alain Brauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

Leaf litter plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as in fueling food webs. The chemical composition of a leaf may directly and indirectly influence decomposition rates by influencing rates of biological reactions and by influencing the accumulation of soil organic carbon content, respectively. This study aimed to assess the impact of the chemical composition of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.) leaves on various soil properties of different ages of rubber (4–5, 11–12, and 22–23 year-old). Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Sr-FTIR) was utilized for analyzing the chemical composition of plant leaves. The Sr-FTIR bands illustrated that the epidermis of rubber leaves from 4–5-year-old trees was found to contain a high quantity of polysaccharides while mesophyll from 22–23-year-old trees had a large number of polysaccharides. The change in soil properties in the older rubber plantation could be attributed to its chemical composition. The change in soil properties across all tree ages, i.e., increased litter and organic carbon content, was a relatively strong driver of soil biota evolution. The aliphatic of C-H in the leaves showed high correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC) and permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC) from 22–23 year-old trees. This study shows the differences in the organic chemical composition of leaves that are consequential to soil organic carbon.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE CROISSANCE SUR LE RENDEMENT EN MATIERE SECHE ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE FOURRAGES D’AVOINE IMMATURE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL GERVAIS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Detailed Chemical

The forage yields and the detailed chemical composition of six cultivars of oats harvested at the vegetative stage (three cuttings during the growing season to simulate grazing) and at the heading and dough stages (one cutting for silage) were established over a period of 3 yr. No significant difference in the dry matter yields of the cultivars was found within any of the three stages of growth. Highly significant increases in the yields, however, were recorded with advance in maturity from 4210 kg/ha at the vegetative stage to 6754 kg at heading and 9219 kg at dough stage. Likewise, the percent dry matter increased progressively from 12% to 19% to 33% for the same stages. In general, the organic and mineral compositions of the cultivars did not vary significantly within any stage of growth, but were influenced by the age of the tissues. The total digestible nutrient, the crude protein, the cell contents and the mineral elements Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Zn and Fe decreased while the nitrogen-free extract, the cell walls, the lignin and the hemicellulose increased from the vegetative to the dough stage. The other constituents exhibited a less defined pattern or remained relatively stable from one stage to another.Key words: Yields, chemical composition, stages of growth, cultivars, forage oats

scholarly journals Dynamics of the agroecological state of typical chernozem under forest belts depending on the location in the relief (Kursk region, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

Features of fertility dynamics indicators of typical chernozem determining agroecological state soil under these ecosystems are established under differentage forest shelter belts located on various slope exposures on the territory of the experimental field of All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control (Kursk Region, Medvensky District). The study period was 16 years, the age of the forest shelter belts is 20 and 36 years. It is found out that longterm growth of woody plants on typical chernozem results in an increase in its fertility. Moreover, there is the variation of soil properties differs in intensity in forest shelter belts that differ by location in the relief. In all forest shelter belts, regardless of the location in the relief, there is an improvement in the agrophysical state of the soil, an increase in the content of humus, mobile humus substances, mobile potassium, and phosphorus. However, the intensity of changes varies depending on the exposure of the forest shelter belt on the slope. So, on the southern slope there was a maximum increase in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, exchange bases, and water-flow aggregates. In the soil of the watershed plateau, there was a significant increase in the content of humus, the degree of humification, mobile humus substances, but their qualitative composition and content of agronomically valuable aggregates have not changed. On the northern slope, there was the maximum increase in the criterion of water resistance of soil. With increasing age of forest belts, the aboveground herbaceous phytomass increases with an increase in its share of green biomass and the amount of accumulated litter decreases. The highest phytomass productivity was in the offshore forest belt of the southern slope. Studies have shown that long-term growth of forest shelter belts improves the agroecological state of the soil, regardless of their position in the terrain, which contributes to an increase in the ecological potential of the agricultural landscape. A correct understanding of the direction of changes in the agroecological state of the soil will optimize the structure and functioning of the agricultural landscape.

scholarly journals Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nikolic ◽  
Hadi Waisi ◽  
Sanja Djurovic ◽  
Milos Dugalic ◽  
Vladan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
The Impact

We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.

scholarly journals Volcanic soils composition impact on the major mineral elements content of grapes and wines

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
María Teresa Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Cabanis ◽  
Geneviève Cassanas ◽  
Lurdes Matos ◽  
Jorge Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

<p style="text-align: justify;">The analysis of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium was carried out in soils, grapes and wines of wine regions of the Azores in order to obtain a mineral profile of the principal major elements. It would be of interest to achieve a profile of these minerals, according to the climate, to the position of the Islands and to their volcanic soils. Determinations were carried out by atomic absorption in flame. A statistical analysis of the findings was performed. This study establishes the diversity of wine regions in the Azores. As a whole, the amounts in the wines are in the european average.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of processing methods on chemical composition, mineral bioavailability and functional properties of Nigerian-grown cashew flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makinde Folasade Maria ◽  
Joel Ifeoluwa Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Test

In this study, the effect of processing methods on the nutritional quality and functional properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) kernels were investigated. The kernels were soaked, autoclaved, roasted or germinated at varying time duration; raw kernel served as control. The samples were analysed for chemical, mineral bioavailability and functional properties. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the Duncan multiple range test. The result of chemical composition analyses revealed that raw cashew kernels contained 3.55±0.08% moisture, 21.3±0.05% protein, 45.0±0.15% fat, 2.53±0.02% fibre, 1.59±0.02% ash, 26.1±0.01% carbohydrate, 521.75 Kcal/g energy, 2210.09±0.02mg/kg calcium, 1712.54±0.03mg/kg magnesium, 60.04±0.01 mg/kg iron and 36.74±0.02mg/kg zinc. Tannin, phytate and oxalate concentrations in the raw cashew kernel were 10.14±0.03 mg/kg, 99.30±0.02mg/kg and 11.03±0.03mg/kg respectively. Increased fat, ash and fibre levels were noted for treated samples compared to raw kernels. Mineral concentrations were increased significantly by various treatments compared to raw kernel; however, germination resulted in the highest increase of mineral content. A reduction trend was observed in phytate, oxalate and tannin concentrations in the treated samples with respect to increased processing time. Consequently, various treatments influenced the bioavailability of mineral elements. Treated samples exhibited significant differences in loose and packed bulk densities, water and oil absorption capacities when compared to raw kernels. Germination shows potential to generate not only much needed nutrients in cashew for human development, but also improved bioavailability of nutrients and functionality compared to other processing methods. This approach can used in Community Nutrition and Emergency Feeding Programmes, in developing countries, where the consequence of anti-nutritional factors may worsen the incidence of malnutrition and disease. 

scholarly journals Chemical composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry grown in the Chelyabinsk region

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
N. L. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoïdes L ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, water and fat-soluble vitamins, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. In the Chelyabinsk region it is almost impossible to find well-groomed industrial plantings of sea buckthorn, since its main areas (600 hectares) are concentrated in amateur and home gardens. To form a healthy diet, it is important not only to ensure the safety of horticultural products, but also to raise the priority of signs that determine consumer demand, namely the quality and chemical composition of fruits, their saturation with the necessary micronutrients. While studying food and biologically active substances of sea buckthorn berries of the "Velikan" variety growing in different garden agrocenoses of the Chelyabinsk region it has been determined that sea buckthorn berries cultivated in the garden "Lokomotiv-1" (Chelyabinsk) contain more flavonoids (by 21.4 %), proteins (by 17.4 %), mineral elements - Al (in 5.3 times), V (3.4 times), Cu (3 times), Ti (2.4 times), Ca and Fe (1.9 times), Mn (1.5 times), in berries obtained in the garden "Dizelist-1" (Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk) contains more sugars (by 15.1 %), as well as Mo and Sr (2-2.3 times), Se (1.4 times), Cr (by 76.2 %), etc. In terms of Se content, the studied fruits exceed the clarke values by 4-6 times; in terms of Pb content, they turned out to be as close as possible to the upper limit of MPC according to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The study of the mineral composition of sea buckthorn is especially important in the context of the ecological disadvantage of the Chelyabinsk region due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals.

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