scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS IN LITTLE MILLET (PANICUM SUMATRENSE ROTH EX ROEMER AND SCHULTZ) ON SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING SURVIVAL THROUGH INDUCED MUTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramkumar ◽  
D. Dhanavel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultz) belongs to Poaeceae family and it is Indian in origin. Milletsare mostly rain fed crops and used as food and fodder. Mutations can be induced in a variety of ways, such as by exposure to electromagnetic or ionizing radiation or chemical mutagens. The seed of little millet variety of Co (samai) 4 seeds were treated with different dose/concentration of physical mutagens (5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 and 50KR) and chemical mutagens like EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) (5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 and 50 mM). After that the treated seeds are sown in Petri dish under the laboratory conditions. It was found that the M1 generation is effected in seed germination, seedling survival and morphology mutation.

scholarly journals Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Gamma rays, EMS and DES induced changes on cytology of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
R. Elangovan and P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Doses

Mutation breeding in crop plants such as bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench) is a successful approach in change of product having narrow genetic base. In the present study to the determine the effect of physical mutagen such as gamma rays and chemical mutagens such as Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES) were used. The seeds were treating with different doses/concentration of Gamma irradiation (10KR, 20KR, 30KR, 40KR, 50KR and 60KR), EMS and DES (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%) for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control on bhendi. plants of four generations viz., M1, M2, M3 and M4. The cytological analysis, for example, chromosomal number was watched and recorded for images. The maximum changes of chromosome were observed in 50 KR of gamma rays and 0.4 % of EMS treatments than the other physical and chemical mutagens. The length and shape of chromosome for varied in treated plants than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Increased sensitivity to cell killing and mutagenesis by chemical mutagens in thymidine-kinase-deficient subclones of a Friend murine leukaemia cell line

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. McKenna ◽  
A. A. Yasseen
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Leukaemia Cell ◽  
Leukaemia Cell Line ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Unit Dose

SUMMARYWild-type Friend murine leukaemia (clone 707) cells and two thymidinekinase-deficient subclones, 707BUE and 707BUF, were compared for sensitivity to killing and mutagenesis by the chemical mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS),N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC), and methyl methane sulphonate (MMS). The two thymidine-kinase-deficient subclones were significantly more sensitive to killing by each of the four chemical mutagens than were wild-type cells. The increased sensitivity to killing by the four mutagens was also reflected in increased mutagenesis (per unit dose of mutagen) to 6-thioguanine resistance. In the light of these results, the significance of thymidine kinase in DNA repair and mutagenesis is discussed.

scholarly journals Induced Mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mullainathan ◽  
S. Umavathi
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The traditional varieties of chick pea have low potentiality and restricted variability with respect to economic characters. Broadening the genetic base for crop improvement can be quickly achieved through induced mutagenesis. The present study was undertaken in order to comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens on Cicer arietinum. In this regard, Co – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different dose/concentration of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was calculated based on biological damage in M1 and chlorophyll mutations in M2. The results indicated that, mutagenic effectiveness increased with the increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Intermediate treatments in general were found more efficient in causing less biological damage and inducing maximum amount of mutations. It shows that the chemical mutagens are more effective and efficient than physical mutagen for inducing mutation in Chick pea

scholarly journals Efficacy EMS and DES on Mutagenesis and seedling characters of Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.

1970 ◽  
pp. 09-11
Author(s):  
L. Mullainathan, K. Aviya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Seedling Characters

This study was performed by exposing the seeds of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Var CO -13 to Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES). The observations were made on seed germination and survivability in M1 generation. The study revealed that germination percentage and survivability were decreased by increasing concentration of the mutagens when compared to the control. The LD50 value was found in 30mM of EMS and 40mM of DES. So it was found that both mutagens at lower treatments have influenced less biological damage and could be suitable for inducing desirable mutations in Finger millet.

scholarly journals Induced desynaptic variation in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Naseem ◽  
Girjesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Potential Tool

Cytological investigation of EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) treated population demonstrated enhanced univalent frequency per cell with unequal separation at Anaphase I. In contrast to controlled plants, medium strong type desynaptic plants were obtained from 0.6 % EMS treated set, revealing high frequency of univalents at Metaphase I, along with bivalents, which were loosely paired. The univalents remained unpaired till the end of meiosis, leading to formation of micronuclei and abnormal tetrads. These plants had high pollen inviability and sterile seeds. It might be possible that EMS had acted on some genes responsible for chiasma formation, resulting in early chiasma dissociation, which suggests that EMS can act as a potential tool in the development of male sterile lines. The study demonstrated the feasibility of chemical mutagenesis in mutation breeding programme on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.).

scholarly journals Assessment of Mutagenicity Induced by Different Mutagens in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Prashant N. Kolhe ◽  
Mrunalini D. Varne ◽  
Sumit N. Deshmukh ◽  
Sanjay N. Harke ◽  
Sopan G. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Made In

Coriander is one of the most widely used herb. Coriander generally grown for leaf and grain purpose throughout the world. Induction of mutation is considered to be effective in improving various characteristics in plants like seed germination, plant vigour, yield etc. In present study we used three different chemical mutagens Colchicine, Sodium azide (SA) and Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) on four different varieties of coriander (Green wonder, Cross-91, Mrudul and Surabhi). The study was performed by exposing the seeds of four varieties of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Colchicine (0.01%,0.02%,0.03% and 0.04%), Sodium azide (SA) at (0.1%,0.2%,0.3% and 0.4%) and Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) at (0.01%,0.02%,0.03% and 0.04%) respectively. The observations were made on seed germination in field and laboratory conditions and the observations on seedling height, number of primary branches and leaves were made in field conditions. All the mutagens significantly affect the germination and seedling growth. The study revealed that germination percentage, plant height, no. of primary branches and leaves decreased with increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Among three different chemical mutagen we observed that colchicine is better mutagen for induction of mutagen after that sodium azide (SA) had good results for seed treatment. Some of the concentrations of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) (0.01% & 0.02%) were better. Among all four varieties of coriander Cross-91 gave better result after that Mrudul and Surabhi respond well to some concentrations. We categories the effectiveness of mutagen to induce mutation in coriander as MMS>SA>Colchicine.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Linum usitatissimum L. to Induce Variability in Seed Germination, Survival and Growth rate traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Umar Jan Pandit ◽  
Imtiyaz Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Zia Ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The  studies  of  induced  mutation  in  <em>Linum  usitatissimum</em>  L.  were  performed  by  exposing  the  fully  mature  and  healthy  dry  seeds  to  gamma  rays    at  10  and  15  Kr,  X-rays  at  10  and  15  Kr,  hydroxylamine  (HA)  at  0.1%  and  0.2%,  5-amino  acridine  (AA)  at  0.1%  and  0.2%  doses.  The  observations  were  made  for  seed  germination  %,  survival  %  and  growth  characters  such  as  shoot  length,  root  length  and  dry  weight.  Seeds  treated  with  low  dose  of  mutagens  showed  negligible  effect  while  that  with  the  high  dose  exhibit  significant  effects  on  studied  parameters  as  compared  to  control.  Data  obtained  in  this  study  were  statistically  significant  at  5%  level.  The  results  conclude  that  treatments  of  gamma  rays  and  X-rays  were  less  effective  as  compared  to  those  of  HA  and  AA  treatments.

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