scholarly journals Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Linum usitatissimum L. to Induce Variability in Seed Germination, Survival and Growth rate traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Umar Jan Pandit ◽  
Imtiyaz Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Zia Ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The  studies  of  induced  mutation  in  <em>Linum  usitatissimum</em>  L.  were  performed  by  exposing  the  fully  mature  and  healthy  dry  seeds  to  gamma  rays    at  10  and  15  Kr,  X-rays  at  10  and  15  Kr,  hydroxylamine  (HA)  at  0.1%  and  0.2%,  5-amino  acridine  (AA)  at  0.1%  and  0.2%  doses.  The  observations  were  made  for  seed  germination  %,  survival  %  and  growth  characters  such  as  shoot  length,  root  length  and  dry  weight.  Seeds  treated  with  low  dose  of  mutagens  showed  negligible  effect  while  that  with  the  high  dose  exhibit  significant  effects  on  studied  parameters  as  compared  to  control.  Data  obtained  in  this  study  were  statistically  significant  at  5%  level.  The  results  conclude  that  treatments  of  gamma  rays  and  X-rays  were  less  effective  as  compared  to  those  of  HA  and  AA  treatments.

scholarly journals Gamma rays, EMS and DES induced changes on cytology of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
R. Elangovan and P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Doses

Mutation breeding in crop plants such as bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench) is a successful approach in change of product having narrow genetic base. In the present study to the determine the effect of physical mutagen such as gamma rays and chemical mutagens such as Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES) were used. The seeds were treating with different doses/concentration of Gamma irradiation (10KR, 20KR, 30KR, 40KR, 50KR and 60KR), EMS and DES (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%) for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control on bhendi. plants of four generations viz., M1, M2, M3 and M4. The cytological analysis, for example, chromosomal number was watched and recorded for images. The maximum changes of chromosome were observed in 50 KR of gamma rays and 0.4 % of EMS treatments than the other physical and chemical mutagens. The length and shape of chromosome for varied in treated plants than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS IN LITTLE MILLET (PANICUM SUMATRENSE ROTH EX ROEMER AND SCHULTZ) ON SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING SURVIVAL THROUGH INDUCED MUTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramkumar ◽  
D. Dhanavel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultz) belongs to Poaeceae family and it is Indian in origin. Milletsare mostly rain fed crops and used as food and fodder. Mutations can be induced in a variety of ways, such as by exposure to electromagnetic or ionizing radiation or chemical mutagens. The seed of little millet variety of Co (samai) 4 seeds were treated with different dose/concentration of physical mutagens (5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 and 50KR) and chemical mutagens like EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) (5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 and 50 mM). After that the treated seeds are sown in Petri dish under the laboratory conditions. It was found that the M1 generation is effected in seed germination, seedling survival and morphology mutation.

Lethal Dose (LD50) Fixation and Sensitivity of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) to Gamma Radiation for Induction of Mutation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANURADHA PATEL ◽  
POONAM VERMA ◽  
SHARDA CHOUDHARY ◽  
ARVIND KUMAR VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Dose Dependent

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) is an annual crop, mainly used as a spiceand leafy vegetable crop in many parts of the world. Classical breeding in fenugreek is restricted due to its low genetic variability and small flower size which hamper manual emasculation and pollination. Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the lethal dose of the physical mutagen gamma rays in fenugreek. The dry seeds of fenugreek were exposed to different doses of gamma rays i.e. 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. These irradiated seeds were sown in the Petri plates with non-irradiated seeds (control). As the dose of gamma rays increased, there was a decrease in germination percentage, seedling survival, root length, shoot length and vigour index. Among five doses of gamma rays, the maximum seed germination was observed at lowest dose 150Gy (93%), followed by 200Gy (83%), 250Gy (76%), 300Gy (76%) and 350Gy (64%). The seedling survival was decreased from 90% (in control) to 56% in 350Gy dose of gamma rays. The gamma rays dose of 150Gy gave stimulatory effect on seedlings growth. The growth parameters were dose dependent, as the dose of gamma rays increased from 200Gy to 350Gy. The gamma rays dose of 350Gy showed 64% seeds germination and 56% of seedlings survival. Therefore, it is concluded that the LD50 dose for fenugreek is close to 350Gy. This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in fenugreek

scholarly journals Induction of chlorophyll mutation through physical and chemical mutagen in Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani R Gunjal ◽  
A.D. More
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Light Green

The present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency of chlorophyll deficient sectors and chlorophyll mutants induced by Gamma rays at the dosage of 240Gy,300Gy,360Gy,420Gy, Ethyl Methene Sulphate (EMS) at the concentrations of 0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1% and the Combination of both (Gamma rays and EMS) like 240Gy+1%, 300Gy+0.75%, 360Gy+0.50%, 420Gy+0.25% in the variety ‘King of Garden’ Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean).The chlorophyll mutants were observed in all the three mutagenic treatments in the lima bean. These mutants were White (Albina), Yellow (Xantha), Yellow green (Chlorina) and Light green (Viridis). They were screened after 10-15 days of old seedling and were found at the margin of the leaflet or the entire leaflet.Induced mutation in the sectors of the leaves resulted into chlorophyll chimeric plants. The scoring of chlorophyll mutation frequency in M2 generation was one of the most reliable measures for evaluating the mutagenic induced genetic altercation of the mutagen treatments used in the ideotype. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants increased with the increase in the dose/concentration of the mutants. They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield.

scholarly journals Mutation Breeding in Ornamentals

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154-1165
Author(s):  
Killian Melsen ◽  
Mark van de Wouw ◽  
Ryan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The promising possibilities of mutation breeding in ornamental plants have led to a great interest in effective mutagenic treatment protocols for various species. This review discusses mutagenic treatments of a large number of ornamental genera, the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques, and the possibilities of improving the associated protocols. A number of nontargeted mutagenesis methods are available, ranging from chemical treatment with alkylating agents to irradiation with X-rays, gamma rays, and neutron or heavy ion beams at various doses. These are all relatively inexpensive and have been proven to be effective mutagens in a large number of diverse species. Genetic engineering, however, remains mostly impractical for many ornamental breeding operations because of the high cost and lack of knowledge necessary to successfully transform and regenerate ornamental crops. Of the available nontargeted mutagens, irradiation with gamma rays is still the most popular. It provides high consistency compared with chemical mutagens, albeit at a seemingly lower mutagenic efficiency. Changes in the radiation dose rate may increase the efficiency, although chronic irradiation over a longer period causes fewer deleterious mutations than the commonly used acute irradiation protocols. Heavy ion beam irradiation may also provide highly consistent mutation induction at higher efficiencies because of the high particle energy associated with these treatments. There are also opportunities to improve chemical mutagenesis. Although the required knowledge of specific gene functions in many ornamentals is still lacking, combination mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfontate with genetic screening in a process known as TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) may lead to a powerful mutation breeding tool in the future. Mutation breeding is still very useful, and many opportunities are available to improve the existing methods.

scholarly journals Induced desynaptic variation in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Naseem ◽  
Girjesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Potential Tool

Cytological investigation of EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) treated population demonstrated enhanced univalent frequency per cell with unequal separation at Anaphase I. In contrast to controlled plants, medium strong type desynaptic plants were obtained from 0.6 % EMS treated set, revealing high frequency of univalents at Metaphase I, along with bivalents, which were loosely paired. The univalents remained unpaired till the end of meiosis, leading to formation of micronuclei and abnormal tetrads. These plants had high pollen inviability and sterile seeds. It might be possible that EMS had acted on some genes responsible for chiasma formation, resulting in early chiasma dissociation, which suggests that EMS can act as a potential tool in the development of male sterile lines. The study demonstrated the feasibility of chemical mutagenesis in mutation breeding programme on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.).

scholarly journals Induce Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis for Improvement of Yield Attributing Traits and their Correlation Analysis in Chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Raina ◽  
Rafiul Amin Laskar ◽  
Shahnawaz Khursheed ◽  
Samreen Khan ◽  
Kouser Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the current scenario of sky high population and widespread food insecurity, there is an urgent need for productivity improvement of major crops like pulses, one of the most climate friendly and accessible foods for the large poor population of the world. Chickpea is an important pulse crop, having high percentage of nutritional content and is widely used as food across the world. Induced mutagenesis has proved over time as a coherent tool for modern plant breeders to improve the productivity for combating the food insecurity and malnutrition across the globe. Dry and healthy seeds of Cicer arietinum L. var. C-235 were treated with individual and combination doses of gamma rays, sodium azide and hydrazine hydrate to raise the M1 generation. M2 seeds harvested from M1 plants were sown in the nest season.Bio-physiological study in M1 generation showed growth inhibition in the order viz. combination treatment>hydrazine hydrate>gamma rays>sodium azide. In M2 generation, comparative observations were recorded for morphological variation and quantitative traits to assess the genetic response of the chickpea variety C-235 toward the different concentrations of mutagens. Observations on isolated mutants in M2 generation revealed that 0.3% HZ + 0.02% SA was most mutagenic while 200 Gy, 0.03% SA and 0.2% HZ were highest in their individual treatment groups. In context to the frequency of morphological mutants studied in M2 generation, dwarf mutants were found to be highest followed by tall and branching pattern mutants. Highly significant correlation coefficient between yield and other traits showed that the selection for high yielding mutants can be done on the basis of these traits undoubtedly.

scholarly journals ​Binasoybean-6: A High Yielding Mutant Soybean Variety Developed through Sustainable Mutation Breeding

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Malek ◽  
R.M. Emon ◽  
M.K. Khatun ◽  
M.S.H. Bhuiyan ◽  
Adedze Yawo Mawunyo Nevame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Mutant Lines

Background: Soybean is an important source of food, protein and oil and hence more research is essential to increase its yield under different agro-ecological conditions, including stress. In this regard, four popular soybean varieties viz. Shohag, BDS-4, BAU-S/64 and BARI Soybean-5 were irradiated using Co60 gamma rays to create genetic variation for earliness, higher seed yield and other desirable agronomic traits. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) Headquarters farm, Mymensingh during 2006-2009 and 28 elite mutant lines were selected for evaluation. The mutant line, SBM-22 derived from mother variety BARI Soybean-5 irradiated with 300Gy of gamma rays was found to be superior compared to other mutants. Considering the superior performance of mutant SBM-22 including 28 mutants and mother check variety BARI Soybean-5, were evaluated through different trials. The evaluation trials were conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country during Rabi season (January to April) of 2010-2018. Result: Significant variations were observed both in individual location and over locations for all traits. Reactions to major diseases and insect-pests infestation were also studied. Due to better performance of the mutant SBM-22, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh for registration as an important soybean variety “Binasoybean-6”. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered SBM-22 as an improved soybean variety in 2019 as Binasoybean-6 for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089
Author(s):  
Sonia Sood ◽  
Sanjay Jambhulkar ◽  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
Saloni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

An investigation entitled “Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)” was conducted during kharif (summer-rainy season) 2012 and 2013 at Experimental farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P., India. Healthy seeds of California Wonder of bell pepper were exposed to physical mutagen Gamma rays using 60CO as a source of radiation at Mutation Breeding Centre, Department of Biotechnology, BARC Trombay, Mumbai and chemical mutagen EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. The M1 generation was produced from these mutagen treated seeds. Several unique and interesting chlorophyll and viable mutants were obtained in M2 generation. In M2 generation, gamma rays induced higher proportion of chlorophyll mutants then EMS. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses/concentrations. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants namely xantha, yellow xantha, chlorina and viridis were induced. Out of these mutants, chlorina and viridis were most frequent and were produced even in lower doses/concentrations while yellow xantha was least frequent and produced only in higher doses. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations (18.8 %) was reported in the 22 kR of gamma dose, while the lowest (0.80 %) frequency of chlorophyll mutations was found in the treatment of 1.0 % EMS. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. These chlorophyll mutants induced by gamma radiation and EMS could be used in mutation breeding programme for inducing viable mutations for improvement of bell pepper varieties.

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