scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SELECTED SOLANUM SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjoo Kamboj ◽  
Sanjana Piplani
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Different Doses

Synthetic analgesic drugs have prominent side effects like gastritis, gastric ulcer, kidney disorder and cardiac arrhythmias. The genus Solanum has been primarily used for various therapeutic effects, mainly analgesics, in the indigenous system of medicine. The current research aimed to investigate and compare the analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of leaves of Solanum indicum, Solanum surattense and Solanum torvum. Using acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method, the analgesic activity was evaluated. Significant anti-nociceptive effects were observed on both animal models after the application of different doses of the extracts of Solanum species. The results exhibited that MESI, MESS and MEST at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced analgesic effects equivalent to diclofenac (10 mg/kg). However the extracts at 400 mg/ kg exhibited more pronounced analgesic activity. The results of this study demonstrated that the analgesic effects of all the three species were significant to each other and validate the traditional use of the plants of this Genus for the treatment of pain.

Assessment ofOpuntia ficus-indicain vivo Following Ethnobotanical Survey: Confirmation of its Analgesic Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S191-S196
Author(s):  
A. Mouhaddach ◽  
A. El-hadi ◽  
K. Taghzouti ◽  
M. Bendaou ◽  
R. Hassikou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Plant Parts

Opuntia ficus-indica(the cactus or prickly pear) is a cactus belonging to the Opuntiae family. Several Opuntiae plant parts have been used in traditional Moroccan medicine. In this study, we investigated its most common use as an analgesic. An ethnobotanical study ofOpuntia ficus-indicawas first conducted in 10 areas in Morocco. Extracts fromOpuntia ficus-indicacladodes were obtained using a decoction method and its analgesic activity in mice was investigated by the hot plate and tail flick methods. Cladode extracts had significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity at intraperitoneal doses of 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Both methods revealed significantly increased latency at all three doses (p<0.05) compared to controls. These data suggest that the traditional use of this plant as an analgesic is valid; in fact, perhaps it may be a centrally-acting analgesic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Warionia saharae essential oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mimouna Yakoubi ◽  
Nasser Belboukhari ◽  
Khaled Sekkoum ◽  
Mohammed Bouchekara ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Warionia saharae Benth & Coss (W.s) (Asteraceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to Algeria and Morocco. Its leaves are used in their traditional medicine, such as gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases; for instance, rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this work, our team investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from the dried upper parts of Warionia saharae based on different standard experimental test models. The analgesic activity was assessed by central and peripheral models, such as “hot plate” and “writhing” tests on Swiss albino mice. The hot plate test used latency measurements to assess acute cutaneous pain sensitivity, as a result; the latency of the hind-paw pain response was by licking and either shaking or jumping, those occurrences were recorded. Writhing test as a chemical method used to induce pain of peripheral origin in mice by injecting acetic acid intraperitoneally (IP). This results in characteristic stretching behavior of the animals (cramps and contortions). The evaluation of the analgesic activity, shows that the essential oil of this plant induces a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps in the contortion test and a maximum inhibition of pain. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, it was studied by the “paw edema” test, a phlogogenic agent (formaldehyde) was used to stimulate inflammation in the paws of mice. Anti-inflammatory properties can be observed by inhibiting this edema compared to the standard drug Diclofenac. In conclusion, Warionia saharae essential oil (75 mg/kg) showed a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities which supports the conventional use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Total Saponins Extracted from Fermented Polygala japonica Houtt

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 931-934
Author(s):  
Ming Xing Liu ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
She Ne Guo ◽  
Hong Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

This study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the total saponins extracted from fermented Polygala japonica Houtt (FPH) compared with that of unfermented Polygala japonica Houtt (UFPH). The total saponins extracted from FPH and UFPH were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in xylene-induced ear swelling and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models in mice, analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice. The total saponins extracted from FPH had the significant anti-inflammatory (p<0.001) and analgesic (p<0.01) activities with the doses of 6 g/kg b.w. in mice. The results of this experimental study thus strongly support the potential significant use of the total saponins extracted from FPH for pain and inflammatory.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) in Wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Jogdand ◽  
Jagruti Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Background: NSAIDs like Aspirin etc. are randomly used for mild to severe types of pain but long-term and injudicious use of NSAIDs lead to a number of side effects. The present study is designed for exploring the analgesic potential of Curcuma longa Linn (Turmeric) in albino rats, which may widen the therapeutic horizon for the said agent.Methods: Ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa in the doses 100, 200 and 400mg/kg is given orally to 6 Wister rats against a control of normal saline and a standard using Aspirin (300mg/kg) and the animals were subjected to Eddy’s hot plate test at different time intervals i.e., 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of the drugs and the parameters were noted.Results: The analgesic activity of Curcuma longa showed significant (p<0.05) increase in mean basal reaction time in Hot plate method when compared to the control (Normal saline). As the dose of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa was gradually increased from 100, 200 and 400mg/kg respectively, the analgesic activity significantly increased (<0.05). Effect of curcuma longa at a dose of 400mg/kg is found to be comparable with Aspirin.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that turmeric (Curcuma longa) has significant analgesic activities in rats. 

scholarly journals Analgesic and acute inflammation properties of the aqueous extract of dried leaves of Paullinia Pinnata (Sapindaceae) Linn

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingom Aurelie Taylor Patience ◽  
Keugni Armand Brice ◽  
Bendegue Emebe Alexandrie Julia ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Kamtchouing Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds

<p align="left">Inflammation is frequently associated with pain. Plants continue to be major resources for therapeutic compounds against various diseases including inflammation and pain. <em>P</em><em>aullinia Pinnata </em>is used to treat several diseases, including rheumatism and abdominal pain. This study was undertaken to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of <em>P</em><em>aullinia Pinnata. </em>The analgesic activity was evaluated by using behaviour pain model in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin induced inflammation in rat. The extract was administered orally at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The results showed that the extract significantly (P&lt; 0.001) reduced the number of writhing induced by the acid acetic. The aqueous extract reduced significantly (P&lt; 0.001) the paw licking time in formalin model. The effect of the extract (200mg/kg) was significantly (P&lt; 0.001) reduced in the presence of naloxone, during the inflammatory phase. In addition, the extract significantly (P&lt; 0.05) increase latency time at all point time and all doses on nociception induced by hot plate. Concerning inflammation induced by carrageenan and dextran, the extract significantly (P&lt; 0.001) inhibited oedema during the experimental time at the dose of 200 mg/kg. The results suggested that<em> Paullinia pinnata</em> aqueous extract possess analgesic activities which may interfere in both peripheral and central pathway. The anti-inflammatory activities may be mediated by either inhibiting or by blocking the release of vasoactive substances like histamine, serotonin, kinins and prostaglandins. These results justify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of pain and inflammation.</p>

scholarly journals 7-Hydroxymitragynine is an Active Metabolite of Mitragynine and a Key Mediator of its Analgesic Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kruegel ◽  
Rajendra Uprety ◽  
Steve Grinnell ◽  
Cory Langreck ◽  
Elizabeth Pekarskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Analgesic Effects

<p><i>Mitragynina speciosa</i>, more commonly known as kratom, is a plant native to Southeast Asia, the leaves of which have been used traditionally as a stimulant, analgesic, and treatment for opioid addiction. Recently, growing use of the plant in the United States and concerns that kratom represents an uncontrolled drug with potential abuse liability, have highlighted the need for more careful study of its pharmacological activity. The major active alkaloid found in kratom, mitragynine, has been reported to have opioid agonist and analgesic activity <i>in vitro</i> and in animal models, consistent with the purported effects of kratom leaf in humans. However, preliminary research has provided some evidence that mitragynine and related compounds may act as atypical opioid agonists, inducing therapeutic effects such as analgesia, while limiting the negative side effects typical of classical opioids. Here we report evidence that an active metabolite plays an important role in mediating the analgesic effects of mitragynine. We find that mitragynine is converted <i>in vitro </i>in both mouse and human liver preparations to the much more potent mu-opioid receptor agonist 7-hydroxymitragynine, and that this conversion is mediated by cytochrome P450 3A isoforms. Further, we show that 7-hydroxymitragynine is formed from mitragynine in mice and that brain concentrations of this metabolite are sufficient to explain most or all of the opioid-receptor-mediated analgesic activity of mitragynine. At the same time, mitragynine is found in the brains of mice at very high concentrations relative to its opioid receptor binding affinity, suggesting that it does not directly activate opioid receptors. The results presented here provide a metabolism-dependent mechanism for the analgesic effects of mitragynine and clarify the importance of route of administration for determining the activity of this compound. Further, they raise important questions about the interpretation of existing data on mitragynine and highlight critical areas for further research in animals and humans.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of analgesic activities of aconitine in different mice pain models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249276
Author(s):  
Jianhua Deng ◽  
Jiada Han ◽  
Jiahao Chen ◽  
Yanmin Zhang ◽  
Qiuju Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Diterpenoid Alkaloids ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Aconitine (AC) is the primary bioactive and secondary metabolite alkaloidin of Aconitum species which is accounted for more than 60% of the total diester-diterpenoid alkaloids in Aconite. To evaluate the analgesic effects of AC, 4 different pain models including hot plate assay, acetic acid writhing assay, formalin and CFA induced pain models were adopted in this study. In hot plate experiment, AC treatment at concentration of 0.3 mg/kg and 0.9 mg/kg improved the pain thresholds of mice similar to the positive drug aspirin at the concentration of 200 mg/kg (17.12% and 20.27% VS 19.21%). In acetic acid writhing experiment, AC significantly reduced the number of mice writhing events caused by acetic acid, and the inhibition rates were 68% and 76%. These results demonstrated that AC treatment revealed significant analgesic effects in both acute thermal stimulus pain model and chemically-induced visceral pain model. The biphasic nociceptive responses induced by formalin were significantly inhibited after AC treatment for 1h or 2h. The inhibition rates were 33.23% and 20.25% of AC treatment for 1h at 0.3 mg/kg and 0.9 mg/kg in phase I. In phase II, the inhibition rates of AC and aspirin were 36.08%, 32.48% and 48.82% respectively, which means AC showed similar analgesic effect to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. In the chronic CFA-induced nociception model, AC treatment also improved mice pain threshold to 131.33% at 0.3 mg/kg, which was similar to aspirin group (152.03%). Above all, our results verified that AC had obviously analgesic effects in different mice pain models.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANALGESIC ACTIVITY, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA WALL. IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
FREDDY TEILANG NONGKHLAW ◽  
MALSAWMTLUANGI C ◽  
PHAIBIANG LAPASAM ◽  
ANDREW LALTHASANGA
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: The present study was undertaken to screen the analgesic and the antidepressant activity of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. an ethnomedicinal plant of Meghalaya, India. Methods: In this study, the analgesic effect was induced by hot plate method and tail immersion test. The analgesic effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. was tested and diclofenac was used as a standard drug. The antidepressant activity was brought about by force swimming test and tail suspension test. The antidepressant effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of G. fragrantissima Linn. was tested and imipramine was used as a standard drug. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests using GraphPad InStat 3.0 software. Results: The analgesic study shows that the plant extract at two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) possesses significant analgesic activity (p<0.01), whereby the two different doses of the plant extract showed a significant increase in the latency time were obtained at 120 min in hot plate method and increase in the latency time were obtained at 90 min in the tail immersion method, respectively. The antidepressant study shows us that the methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in the immobility period when compared with that of control group animals in both the tests. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that the methanolic bark extract of G. fragrantissima Wall. possesses analgesic activity and antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals 7-Hydroxymitragynine is an Active Metabolite of Mitragynine and a Key Mediator of its Analgesic Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kruegel ◽  
Rajendra Uprety ◽  
Steve Grinnell ◽  
Cory Langreck ◽  
Elizabeth Pekarskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Analgesic Effects

<p><i>Mitragynina speciosa</i>, more commonly known as kratom, is a plant native to Southeast Asia, the leaves of which have been used traditionally as a stimulant, analgesic, and treatment for opioid addiction. Recently, growing use of the plant in the United States and concerns that kratom represents an uncontrolled drug with potential abuse liability, have highlighted the need for more careful study of its pharmacological activity. The major active alkaloid found in kratom, mitragynine, has been reported to have opioid agonist and analgesic activity <i>in vitro</i> and in animal models, consistent with the purported effects of kratom leaf in humans. However, preliminary research has provided some evidence that mitragynine and related compounds may act as atypical opioid agonists, inducing therapeutic effects such as analgesia, while limiting the negative side effects typical of classical opioids. Here we report evidence that an active metabolite plays an important role in mediating the analgesic effects of mitragynine. We find that mitragynine is converted <i>in vitro </i>in both mouse and human liver preparations to the much more potent mu-opioid receptor agonist 7-hydroxymitragynine, and that this conversion is mediated by cytochrome P450 3A isoforms. Further, we show that 7-hydroxymitragynine is formed from mitragynine in mice and that brain concentrations of this metabolite are sufficient to explain most or all of the opioid-receptor-mediated analgesic activity of mitragynine. At the same time, mitragynine is found in the brains of mice at very high concentrations relative to its opioid receptor binding affinity, suggesting that it does not directly activate opioid receptors. The results presented here provide a metabolism-dependent mechanism for the analgesic effects of mitragynine and clarify the importance of route of administration for determining the activity of this compound. Further, they raise important questions about the interpretation of existing data on mitragynine and highlight critical areas for further research in animals and humans.</p>

Report on Antidiabetic, Diuretic and Analgesic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Strychnos colubrina L.an Endangered Medicinal Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Priyadarsini A. ◽  
S K M Basha2 ◽  
Chakrapani I S ◽  
Nagalakshmi Devamma M
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Dose Dependent

Strychnos colubrina L. belongs to family Loganiaceae was known as snake wood tree.The methanolic extracts from Strychnos colubrina L. leave collected from different provinces in Penchalakona of Nellore district were prepared by decoction and maceration with methanol and evaluated for their antidiabetic, diuretic and analgesic activities. Methanolic extracts from Strychnos colubrina L. leaves (SCM) were evaluated for anti diabetic effect in Streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. The blood sugar levels were analysed as indices of diabetes. 200 mg/kg b.w. of the extract showed a greater reduction in blood glucose level which was comparable to glibenclamide. To find out diuretic efficacy, SCM of leaves were administered to experimental rats orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and compared with Furosemide (20 mg/kg,o.p) as the standard. The rats treated with SCM of leaves in a dose of 200 mg/kg shown near similar urine output and electrolytes excretion when compared to the respective control. The analgesic activity of SCM of leaves is estimated using tail flick in mice. Results demonstrated that SCM of leaves exhibited a potent dose-dependent analgesic activity in all tested models for analgesia. This report could be used for medicinal and pharmaceutical exploration in the future.

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