scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of a Three-Vehicle Accident

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Crash Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Computer Crash ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Serious Injuries

An accident involving three vehicles resulted in serious injuries to one of the drivers. It was alleged that the driver was injured because both of the other operators were inattentive and made driving errors. Through the use of electronic data retrieval and computer crash simulation, it was shown that only one of the non-injured drivers made a driving error. A computer-aided dynamic crash simulation program (PC-Crash) was used to show the motion of the vehicles after impact. Because no formal police report was completed for the accident, electronic data retrieval and computer-aided engineering methods were needed to fill in the data voids. Witness statements, in conjunction with the reconstructed data, allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in both the primary and secondary collisions.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Side Glazing Failure In Rollover Collisions

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Batzer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Side Window ◽  
Avoidable Deaths ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Serious Injuries

During Automotive Rollover Collisions, Full Containment Is Critical To Occupant Safety. Conventional 3-Point Safety Belts Cannot Ensure Full Containment. Tempered Glazing Failure Results In Open Portals, Leading To Numerous Avoidable Deaths And Serious Injuries As Occupant Heads, Shoulders, Arms, And Even Legs Are Ejected And Interact With The Environment And Vehicle Exterior. This Paper Surveys The Forensic Aspects Of Side Window Glazing During Rollover Collisions, To Include Failure Mechanisms, Fractography, And Legal Aspects. Both The Level Of Expected Duty And Current State Of Technology Are Reviewed. Occupant Retention Glazing Design Is Discussed Along With Case Studies.

Demonstration of the Use of Tape-Recorded Information from a High Vacuum Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Continuous Record

We have long felt that some form of electronic information retrieval would be more desirable than conventional photographic methods in a high vacuum electron microscope for various reasons. The most obvious of these is the fact that with electronic data retrieval the major source of gas load is removed from the instrument. An equally important reason is that if any subsequent analysis of the data is to be made, a continuous record on magnetic tape gives a much larger quantity of data and gives it in a form far more satisfactory for subsequent processing.

Enhancing CAD For The Forensic Engineer

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindley Manning
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this paper is to inform the Academy of an application of computer graphics that has been successful in the court room and which has the potential for extension to many related needs of the forensic engineer. An additional purpose is to examine the possibility of cooperation within the Academy to make a broad database and selection of equipment available to the members. Attentive engineers of today are well aware of the growing use and impact of computer-aided drafting, design and analysis in a wide variety of industries. In our field, we are aware of large analysis programs which have been used with success in court, for example the CRASH series. The authors forensic engineering partnership has developed ways to utilize the more widely available drafting systems to inexpensively fill the gap between photographic evidence and full engineering drawings. We have also found that CAD drawings appear to have more impact in court than hand done drawings. In some cases

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Failure Of An Oil Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Broz
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Weld Repair ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
General Contractor ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Surrounding Soil

A Below-Grade, Nps 12 Pipeline Serving A Major Commercial Marine Terminal Failed At A Flanged Joint, Causing A Major Leak And Contamination Of The Surrounding Soil. The Gasket At The Failed Joint Showed Evidence Of Localized, Radial Through-Leakage. At The Terminal, The Initial Excavation Of Contaminated Soil Caused Minor Damage To Several Non-Leaking Segments Of Pipe And The Author Was First Tasked To Oversee The Related Inspection, Weld Repair And Corrosion Protection Work. The Author Subsequently Performed A Forensic Pipe Stress Analysis Of The Affected Portion Of The Fuel Oil System Per The Governing Pressure Piping Code. The Results Indicated That The Leaking Joint Failed With Respect To The Code Criterion Of Equivalent Pressure. Further Investigation Revealed That The System As Originally Designed Was Entirely Of Butt Weld Construction With No Flanged Joints, And Would Have Complied With All Code Requirements. The Investigation Determined That The General Contractor Had Made An Unauthorized Substitution Of Flanged Joints For Butt Weld Joints, Without Informing The Owner Or Design Engineer Of Record.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Dezincification In A Major Corrosion Litigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Urban Location ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Engineering Investigation

Zinc-Rich Brasses With The Zinc Content Above 30% Can Be Involved In Corrosion Processes With Catastrophic Results. The Dezincification Results In A Low Strength Copper With A Porous Sponge Like Structure. The Case, Where Dezincification Occurred With Massive Impact, Involved 34,000 New Homes In An Urban Location In Nevada. These Homes Were Constructed Using Building Code Approved Plastic Pex Tubing For Plumbing With Brass Fittings. Leaks Developed In The Home Plumbing Systems After Approximately 3-6 Years. This Failure Resulted In Lawsuits Involving Home Owner Associations, Insurance Companies, Contractors, Plumbers, Architects, Manufacturers, And Suppliers.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of Above-Ground Pool Submersion Accidents

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ziernicki ◽  
William H. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Product Defect ◽  
Engineering Investigation ◽  
Alternative Designs

In the United States, approximately 35 children under the age of five years old drown each year after access-ing above-ground pools via pool ladders. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) data also shows that approximately 486 additional children sustain submersion-related injuries after accessing above-ground pools via pool ladders. In many cases, these events occurred during brief lapses of adult supervision. This paper fo-cuses on potential product defect issues related to child submersion accidents, including the role of user manuals, alternative designs, warnings, instructions, and child behavior testing. The authors examine the issues related to the investigation of above-ground swimming pool submersion accidents. In addition, procedures and steps are outlined that may be useful in analyzing whether the swimming pool is defective and unreasonably dangerous.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Investigation of a Fatal Farm Tractor Incident

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Couture
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Parking Brake ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Engineering Investigation

A farm owner was found unresponsive with crushing head injuries on his property in rural Ontario. His small farm tractor was found 60 meters away down a small incline with the engine running and transmission in neutral. The owner’s son alleged that when the parking brake was engaged (with the engine running and transmission in neutral), this tractor’s parking brake would “pop out,” allowing the tractor to move. Field tests were conducted on the tractor to attempt to duplicate the scenario and to determine if the alleged sequence of events was plausible. Components of the parking brake and one exemplar were assessed with specialized metrology to determine whether they were within the manufacturing specifications on the blueprint. A 3-D CAD model of fit was created, and several variances were identified between the parts and the factory drawing. The results of the analysis concurred with the scenario that these variances led to the disengagement of the parking brake and operator fatality.

scholarly journals A Forensic Engineering Investigation Of a Ladder Failure

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Petrucci
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Left Front ◽  
Engineering Investigation

A Worker (Plaintiff) Fell From A Step-Ladder And Was Injured. The Purpose Of The Forensic Engineering Investigation Was To Determine The Cause(S) Of The Incident, And In Particular, If The Incident Was Caused By A Ladder Defect. The Incident Ladder And A Representative Incident Scene Were Inspected. Various Discovery Documents And The Applicable American National Standards Institute (Ansi) Standard Were Reviewed. A Critique From The Opposing (Defendant) Expert Is Presented And Addressed. The Cause Of The Plaintiff Fall From The Ladder Was Determined To Be Its Sudden Instability Due To The Failure Of A Rivet That Secured The Top Cap To The Left-Front Rail. The Failed Rivet Was Not Recovered. Further Analysis Indicated That The Cause Of The Rivet Failure Was Its Defective Design Coupled With Its Reduction In Shear Load Capacity From Normal And Improper Use Of The Ladder. The Determination Of The Defective Design Of The Rivet Was Confirmed By Subsequent Design Improvements Of The Ladder. The Relevance Of The Analysis Performed Is Discussed. Various Noteworthy Points Are Presented For Consideration For Forensic Engineers Of Various Technical Disciplines.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering And The Scientific Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Liptai
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Investigative Technique ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Engineering Investigation

The Scientific Method Is Utilized In Order To Understand The Relationship Among Observations Of Physical Phenomena, While Minimizing The Influence Of Human Bias And Maximizing Objectivity. Specific Procedures For The Application Of The Scientific Method Vary From One Field Of Science To Another, But The Investigative Technique Universally Provides For An Analytical Framework To Acquire, Collect And/Or Integrate Knowledge. Engineering Forensics Involves The Analysis Of The Parameters Or Cause(S) Of Incidents Or Failures And/Or Hypothetical Prevention Methods. Engineering Analysis Of Forensic Problems Is A Multifaceted, Multidisciplinary Pursuit That Is Often Wide In Scope. Forensic Engineering Generally Applies Existing Science In Conjunction With The Knowledge, Education, Experience, Training And Skill Of The Practitioner To Seek Solution(S). The Scientific Method, Including Definition Of A Null Hypothesis, Is Rarely Utilized In Forensics As New Science Is Rarely Required. A Forensic Engineering Investigation Typically Involves The Application Of Long Established Science (Newtons Laws, For Example). Forensic Engineering Encompasses The Systematic Search For Knowledge Necessitating The Observation And Definition Of A Problem; The Collection Of Data Through Observation, Research, Experimentation And/Or Calculation; The Analysis Of Data; And The Development And Evaluation Of Findings And Opinions. The Ultimate Objective Of A Forensic Engineering Investigation Is Uncompromised Data Collection And Systematically Considered, Iteratively Derived And Objectively Balanced Conclusions.

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