scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Application of the Matchmoving Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki ◽  
Angelos G. Leiloglo ◽  
Taylor Spiegelberg ◽  
Kurt Twigg
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Virtual Camera ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Race Track

This paper presents a methodology that uses the photogrammetric process of matchmoving for analyzing objects (vehicles, pedestrians, etc.) visible in video captured by moving cameras. Matchmoving is an established scientific process that is used to calibrate a virtual camera to “match” the movement and optic properties of the real-world camera that captured the video. High-definition 3D laser scanning technology makes it possible to accurately perform the matchmoving process and evaluate the results. Once a virtual camera is accurately calibrated, moving objects visible in the video can be tracked or matched to determine their position, orientation, path, speed, and acceleration. Specific applications of the matchmoving methodology are presented and discussed in this paper and include analysis performed on video footage from a metro bus on-board camera, police officer body-worn camera footage, and race track video footage captured by a drone. In all cases, the matchmoving process yielded highly accurate camera calibrations and allowed forensic investigators to accurately determine and evaluate the dynamics of moving objects depicted in the video.

scholarly journals Applications of Matchmoving for Forensic Video Analysis of a Fatal Sprint Car Accident: Part II

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ziernicki ◽  
Martin Gordon ◽  
Steve Knapp ◽  
Angelos G. Leiloglou
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Yaw Angle ◽  
Car Accident

This paper presents the application of the photogrammetric process known as matchmoving to analyze a racetrack video and reconstruction of a fatal Sprint Car race accident. The use of high-definition 3D laser scanning technology made it possible to accurately perform the matchmoving process on racetrack video footage to determine the path, heading, speed, and acceleration of the involved Sprint Cars. In addition to the accident racetrack, another video of a Sprint Car race on a similar racetrack, taken by a drone, was also analyzed using the same matchmoving method to evaluate the speed and yaw angle of a drifting Sprint Car.

scholarly journals A Survey of Low-Cost 3D Laser Scanning Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3938
Author(s):  
Shusheng Bi ◽  
Chang Yuan ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
3D Lidar

By moving a commercial 2D LiDAR, 3D maps of the environment can be built, based on the data of a 2D LiDAR and its movements. Compared to a commercial 3D LiDAR, a moving 2D LiDAR is more economical. A series of problems need to be solved in order for a moving 2D LiDAR to perform better, among them, improving accuracy and real-time performance. In order to solve these problems, estimating the movements of a 2D LiDAR, and identifying and removing moving objects in the environment, are issues that should be studied. More specifically, calibrating the installation error between the 2D LiDAR and the moving unit, the movement estimation of the moving unit, and identifying moving objects at low scanning frequencies, are involved. As actual applications are mostly dynamic, and in these applications, a moving 2D LiDAR moves between multiple moving objects, we believe that, for a moving 2D LiDAR, how to accurately construct 3D maps in dynamic environments will be an important future research topic. Moreover, how to deal with moving objects in a dynamic environment via a moving 2D LiDAR has not been solved by previous research.

scholarly journals Advanced Technologies Utilized in the Reconstruction of an Officer-Involved Shooting Incident

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki ◽  
Angelos G. Leiloglo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
Display Systems

This paper presents a case study that utilized many of the latest forensic technologies to reconstruct the events that occurred during an officer-involved shooting incident in which a police officer fatally shot a fel-low police officer. The shooting reconstruction utilized 3-D high-definition laser scanning, “matchmoving” of police helicopter infrared video footage, motion capture, photogrammetry, creation of a 3-D interactive virtual shooting scene, and virtual reality display systems. It also outlines how the trajectory of bullets were reconstructed, and how the position and posture of the shooting officer and victim officer were determined. Finally, federal judge rulings on various Daubert motions (509 U.S. 579 [1993]) to exclude or limit testi-mony of expert witnesses are presented.

scholarly journals Advanced Forensic Engineering Analysis of a School Bus/Tractor-Trailer Crash

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki ◽  
William H. Pierce ◽  
Angelos G. Leiloglou
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
High Definition ◽  
School Bus ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

This paper presents advanced techniques used to reconstruct a motor vehicle accident involving a fully loaded tractor-trailer and school bus with 30 young students. The accident investigation included analysis of the physical evidence using photogrammetry and high-definition laser scanning, application of engine control module (ECM) and global positioning system (GPS) data, and analyzing onboard video footage from the bus. Momentum-based crash simulation software (PC-Crash) was used to simulate the accident. The simulation data was compared with National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) data and with the onboard bus video footage. Further, rigid-body kinematic equations were used to determine occupant kinematics (velocities) and dynamics (accelerations). Multiple graphics are used to demonstrate the accident reconstruction and occupant kinematics and dynamics.

scholarly journals Tracking Individual Targets for high Density Crowd Scenes Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Norris ◽  
Wesley Creveling ◽  
Ernest Porter ◽  
Emory Vassel
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
High Density ◽  
Block Matching ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Virtual Camera ◽  
Model Match ◽  
Block Motion ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In this paper we present a number of methods (manual, semi-automatic and automatic) for tracking individual targets in high density crowd scenes where thousand of people are gathered. The necessary data about the motion of individuals and a lot of other physical information can be extracted from consecutive image sequences in different ways, including optical flow and block motion estimation. One of the famous methods for tracking moving objects is the block matching method. This way to estimate subject motion requires the specification of a comparison window which determines the scale of the estimate.In this work we present a real-time method for pedestrian recognition and tracking in sequences of high resolution images obtained by a stationary (high definition) camera located in different places on the Haram mosque in Mecca. The objective is to estimate pedestrian velocities as a function of the local density.The resulting data of tracking moving pedestrians based on video sequences are presented in the following section. Through the evaluated system the spatio-temporal coordinates of each pedestrian during the Tawaf ritual are established. The pilgrim velocities as function of the local densities in the Mataf area (Haram Mosque Mecca) are illustrated and very precisely documented. Tracking in such places where pedestrian density reaches 7 to 8 Persons/m$^2$ is extremely challenging due to the small numberof pixels on the target, appearance ambiguity resulting from the dense packing, and severe inter-object occlusions. The tracking method which is outlined in this paper overcomes these challenges by using a virtual camera which is matched in position, rotation and focal length to the original camera in such a way that the features of the 3D-model match the feature position of the filmed mosque. In this model an individual feature has to be identified by eye, where contrast is a criterion. We do know that the pilgrims walk on a plane, and after matching the camera we also have the height of the plane in 3D-space from our 3D-model. A point object is placed at the position of a selected pedestrian. During the animation we set multiple animation-keys (approximately every 25 to 50 frames which equals 1 to 2 seconds) for the position, such that the position of the point and the pedestrian overlay nearly at every time.By combining all these variables with the available appearance information, we are able to track individual targets in high density crowds.

Visual Monitoring Technology of the Tunnel 3D Laser Scanning and Engineering Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Lin Wu ◽  
Hong Liang Deng ◽  
Kai Jiang Chen ◽  
Ming Yan Zhu ◽  
Dong Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Information Construction ◽  
Visualization Technology ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Tunnel Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Measurement

Tunnel monitoring and measurement is a very important part of the tunnel construction safety andit is one of the important contents of tunnels on Railway Passenger Dedicated Lines segment acceptance, Its purpose is through the tunnel clearance convergence and settlement observation,to analysis data, optimize tunnel construction and design, and determine a reasonable safety step and support time, protect tunnel construction and operational safety, Although the domestic and foreign on tunnel monitoring measurement work are very seriously, but at present the requirements of monitoring level and information construction are far away. This article based on 3D laser scanning technology, proposed tunnel 3D laser scanning measurement and data visualization technology, through the engineering application and practice, the results show that the technique can be real-time, accurate and comprehensive to get the deformation data of tunnel space,and can analysis and counter-analysis the deformation of tunnel construction, it has greatapplication value of engineering for early warning forecast the risk and guidingtunnel construction.

scholarly journals Application of 3D laser scanning technology in engineering field

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Chang’an Hu ◽  
Linghui Kong ◽  
Fei Lv
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Point ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Contact Measurement

With the continuous progress of computer and laser measurement technology, non-contact measurement based on laser scanning technology has been more and more applied in the industrial production process. Since the 1990s, 3D laser scanning technology used as a new technology has been developed rapidly. The 3D laser scanning technology, also known as High Definition Surveying (HDS), was based on the principle of laser ranging. The technology on the surface of a measured object can record some features of large dense points, including 3d coordinates, reflectance and texture information, so as to rapidly reconstruct 3D models of a measured target and various map data such as the line, the surface and the body. Meanwhile, it is a revolutionary leap that the technology improves the traditional single point measurement to the surface measurement, and realizes the digital reconstruction of the objects. Especially, for some conditions such as contact measurement and complex component detection that cannot be measured, 3D laser scanning technology has a natural advantage in the field of industrial design and measurement .

Measurement of erosion state and refractory lining thickness of blast furnace hearth by using three-dimensional laser scanning method

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jianliang Zhang ◽  
Kexin Jiao ◽  
Guoli Jia ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Refractory Lining ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Blast Furnace Production ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Residual Thickness ◽  
Minimum Depth

The three-dimensional (3D) model of erosion state of blast furnace (BF) hearth was obtained by using 3D laser scanning method. The thickness of refractory lining can be measured anywhere and the erosion curves were extracted both in the circumferential and height directions to analyze the erosion characteristics. The results show that the most eroded positions located below 20# tuyere with an elevation of 7700 mm and below 24#–25# tuyere with an elevation of 8100 mm, the residual thickness here is only 295 mm. In the circumferential directions, the serious eroded areas located between every two tapholes while the taphole areas were protected well by the bonding material. In the height directions, the severe erosion areas located between the elevation of 7600 mm to 8200 mm. According to the calculation, the minimum depth to ensure the deadman floats in the hearth is 2581 mm, corresponding to the elevation of 7619 mm. It can be considered that during the blast furnace production process, the deadman has been sinking to the bottom of BF hearth and the erosion areas gradually formed at the root of deadman.

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