LEVELS OF ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE AND ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE CORRELATE WITH SEVERITY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER

Abstract ‘Recurrence’ of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered numerous discussions of scholars at home and abroad. A total of 44 recurrent cases of COVID-19 and 32 control cases admitted from 11 February to 29 March 2020 to Guanggu Campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology were enrolled in this study. All the 44 recurrent cases were classified as mild to moderate when the patients were admitted for the second time. The gender and mean age in both cases (recurrent and control) were similar. At least one concomitant disease was observed in 52.27% recurrent cases and 34.38% control cases. The most prevalent comorbidity among them was hypertension. Fever and cough being the most prevalent clinical symptoms in both cases. On comparing both the cases, recurrent cases had markedly elevated concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.020) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.007). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed mild to moderate abnormal concentrations of ALT and AST in recurrent cases. The elevated concentrations of ALT and AST may be recognised as predictive markers for the risk of ‘recurrence’ of COVID-19, which may provide insights into the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future.

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Progressive Duchenne — Becker Muscular Dystrophy.Challenges with Diagnosis

Doctor Ru ◽

10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-10-61-65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

S.A. Tsarkova ◽

◽

R.A. Ushakova ◽

N.E. Gromada ◽

M.I. Kosenkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Creatine Phosphokinase ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Becker Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Care Providers ◽

Genetic Examination

Objective of the Paper: To present a case study of progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy (PMD) and demonstrate challenges and features of diagnosis of this pathology. Key Points. The article discusses a case of Duchenne – Becker PMD diagnosis in a 2-year old boy. We have described stages of diagnostic investigation and analysed the results of clinical observation and molecular genetic examination. We have proposed an examination algorithm for unexplained increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Conclusion. This case of PMD demonstrates challenges faced by health care providers in diagnosis of this condition. Early clinical symptoms, increased blood AAT and ALT, creatine phosphokinase are a reason for a molecular genetic examination. This algorithm can be used to diagnose PMD in order to save efforts searching for a non-existent neurological pathology and infection, promptly prescribe an adequate therapy and improve the quality of patient’s life. Keywords: progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy, molecular genetic examination, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase.

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Bergenin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Activity Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in ICR Mice

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:297-302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 297-302

Author(s):

Sriset Yollada ◽

Chatuphonprasert Waranya ◽

Jarukamjorn Kanokwan

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Hepatic Glutathione

Bergenin is a C-glucoside derivative of gallic acid but its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects have not previously been compared with gallic acid. Male ICR mice were administered bergenin (10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day) or gallic acid (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days before a single administration of ethanol (5 g/kg). Liver sections were histopathologically examined. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in plasma. Total glutathione, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione levels were determined in liver homogenates. Ethanol induced hepatic injury with prominent histopathological markers including nuclear pyknosis and necrotic areas and this accorded with increases in the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde. Moreover, ethanol disturbed hepatic glutathione homeostasis by reducing glutathione stores. Hepatic injury in the ethanol-induced mice was prevented with bergenin and gallic acid by significant decreases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels and restoration of the hepatic glutathione profile through an increase in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Bergenin at 10 mg/kg/day showed comparable hepatoprotective activity to gallic acid in an ethanol-induced mouse model of oxidative stress. Therefore, bergenin might be a promising candidate for further development as a novel hepatoprotective product.

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Explore the mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch. for hepatoprotective effects with iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666201020111301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Haixia Yun ◽

Xinyu Wu ◽

Yiwei Ding ◽

Wendou Xiong ◽

Xianglan Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Acute Liver Injury ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Ppi Networks ◽

Hepatoprotective Effects

Background and Objective : A Tibetan traditional herb named Swertia mussotii Franch., also called “Zangyinchen” by the local people of Qinghai-Tibet area, has been used to protect the liver from injury for many years. However, the curative effect and molecular mechanism of the herb have not been demonstrated clearly. Materials and Methods: In our study, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels were examined after S. mussotii Franch. treatment in the acute liver injury of the carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model. Then, Proteome Analysis was applied to explore the potential mechanism of SMT for hepatoprotective effects after iTRAQLC-MS/MS analysis (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer with tandem mass spectrometry). Results: Serum results showed, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels of rats with acute liver injury were all improved with SMT treatment. Moreover, Proteome Analysis suggested that, with S. Mussotii Franch. treatment, the levels of lipid catabolic process and lipid homeostasis were all enhanced. And the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis illustrated that these proteins assembled in PPI networks were found almost significantly enriched in response to lipid, negative regulation of lipase activity, response to lipopolysaccharide etc. Furthermore, the downregulated MRP14 and MRP8 proteins were found involved in the lipid metabolism, which may indicate the mechanism of SMT protection liver from ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: SMT herb could play a role in hepatoprotection and alleviate the effect of acute liver injury by impacting the lipid metabolism associated biological process.

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Elevated alanine aminotransferase and low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio are associated with chronic kidney disease among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-020-02144-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hirotaka Ochiai ◽

Takako Shirasawa ◽

Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽

Satsue Nagahama ◽

Akihiro Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Background Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (AST/ALT ratio) have been shown to be related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or insulin resistance, which was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether ALT and AST/ALT ratio are associated with CKD. In this study, we examined the relationship of ALT and AST/ALT ratio to CKD among middle-aged females in Japan. Methods The present study included 29,133 women aged 40 to 64 years who had an annual health checkup in Japan during April 2013 to March 2014. Venous blood samples were collected to measure ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatinine levels. In accordance with previous studies, ALT > 40 U/L and GGT > 50 U/L were determined as elevated, AST/ALT ratio < 1 was regarded as low, and CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CKD. Results “Elevated ALT and elevated GGT” and “elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD when compared with “non-elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.10–3.12 and OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81–2.77). Compared with “AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1 and non-elevated GGT”, “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and elevated GGT” and “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.36–3.15 and OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.52–1.87). These findings still remained after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Elevated ALT was associated with CKD regardless of GGT elevation. Moreover, low AST/ALT ratio was also associated with CKD independent of GGT elevation.

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Eribulin, Child-Pugh score, and liver-function tests: lessons from pivotal breast cancer studies 301 and 305

Breast Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/s13058-021-01407-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iain R. Macpherson ◽

Yaohua He ◽

Carlo Palmieri

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Liver Function ◽

Liver Metastases ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Hepatic Impairment ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Dose Modifications ◽

Group D

Abstract Background The recommended starting dose of eribulin in patients with hepatic impairment is based on the Child-Pugh score, largely informed by a pharmacokinetic study of 18 patients. In the pivotal studies of eribulin in metastatic breast cancer (Study 301 and Study 305 [EMBRACE]), entry criteria and dose modifications were based on liver-function test (LFT) results rather than Child-Pugh score. In populations such as patients with metastatic breast cancer, in which metastatic infiltration is the predominant cause of hepatic impairment, using Child-Pugh score may be problematic; in clinical practice, it has been more common for oncologists to make dosing decisions based on LFTs. To address this, the effects of abnormal baseline LFT results on eribulin efficacy and safety were investigated. Methods In this pooled post hoc analysis, 1062 patients who were randomized to receive eribulin in Studies 301 and 305 were divided into 4 groups: (A) no elevated LFT results (no liver impairment); (B) increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase; (C) decreased albumin and/or increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase but not increased bilirubin; and (D) increased bilirubin. Patients were subcategorized by presence of liver metastasis. Drug exposure, dose intensity, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were analyzed. Results Eribulin mesylate mean dosage was 0.82 (group A)–0.65 mg/m2/week (group D). Group D had shorter treatment, more dose reductions/delays, more TEAEs leading to dose modifications, and numerically lower objective response rates and clinical benefit rates versus groups A–C. TEAE rates leading to dose modification were similar between group D (45.5%) and groups A–C (range, 43.5–54.9%) in the absence of liver metastases, but higher in group D (91.3%) compared with groups A–C (range, 41.7–54.3%) if liver metastases were present. Conclusions Mild elevations in bilirubin levels were associated with increased toxicity and a greater requirement for dose modifications. Based both on these study data and existing recommendations, we propose a novel scheme to guide initial dose selection in patients with metastatic breast cancer and hepatic impairment that is based on LFTs rather than Child-Pugh score.

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Production and certification of secondary enzyme reference materials (ERMs). Part 1: Preparation of the sera and some of their properties.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/32.10.1901 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1901-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J C Koedam ◽

G M Steentjes ◽

S Buitenhuis ◽

E Schmidt ◽

R Klauke

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Reference Material ◽

Human Serum ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

The Stability ◽

Clinical Enzymology

Abstract We produced three batches of a human-serum-based enzyme reference material (ERM) enriched with human aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). The added enzymes were not exhaustively purified; thus the final ERMs contained some enzymes as contaminants, of which only glutamate dehydrogenase activity might interfere. The stability during storage and after reconstitution was good. The commutability of the four enzymes in the three ERM batches was also good, except when German or Scandinavian methods for aminotransferases were involved. The temperature-conversion factors for the ERMs were equivalent to those for patients' sera. Reactivation after reconstitution was complete within 5 min and was independent of the temperature of the reconstitution fluid. We believe that these secondary ERMs will aid in the transfer of accuracy between well-defined reference methods and daily working methods so that clinical enzymology results will become more comparable from laboratory to laboratory.

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Activity of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase Within Winter Triticale Seedlings Infested by Grain Aphid (Sitobion Avenae F.)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-012-0060-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cezary Sempruch ◽

Bogumił Leszczyński ◽

Grzegorz Chrzanowski ◽

Anna Filipczuk ◽

Paweł Czerniewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Grain Aphid

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Enzyme Activities in Urtica dioica: Effects of Daylength and Leaf Age on Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03643.x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 192-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

MARGARETA WELANDER

Keyword(s):

Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Urtica Dioica

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Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110368693 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SE Atawodi ◽

AC Ene ◽

DA Ameh

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Total Protein ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Albino Rats ◽

High Dose ◽

Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

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