scholarly journals Can elevated concentrations of ALT and AST predict the risk of ‘recurrence’ of COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Z. Chen ◽  
Z. H. Lin ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
S. S. Liu ◽  
T. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Tongji Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control

Abstract ‘Recurrence’ of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered numerous discussions of scholars at home and abroad. A total of 44 recurrent cases of COVID-19 and 32 control cases admitted from 11 February to 29 March 2020 to Guanggu Campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology were enrolled in this study. All the 44 recurrent cases were classified as mild to moderate when the patients were admitted for the second time. The gender and mean age in both cases (recurrent and control) were similar. At least one concomitant disease was observed in 52.27% recurrent cases and 34.38% control cases. The most prevalent comorbidity among them was hypertension. Fever and cough being the most prevalent clinical symptoms in both cases. On comparing both the cases, recurrent cases had markedly elevated concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.020) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.007). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed mild to moderate abnormal concentrations of ALT and AST in recurrent cases. The elevated concentrations of ALT and AST may be recognised as predictive markers for the risk of ‘recurrence’ of COVID-19, which may provide insights into the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future.

scholarly journals The New Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Outbreak May Mean That Existing Commercial Vaccines Are Not Enough to Fully Protect Against the Epidemic Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Gao ◽  
Zezhong Zheng ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Songqiang Yi ◽  
Guihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

Background: On October 30, 2020, piglets and sows in the farrowing house of a pig farm in Jiangxi showed clinical symptoms such as anorexia, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemiological test, clinical necropsy, and RT-PCR test were carried out on the pig farm for diagnosis. After comprehensive considerations, the disease was judged as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.Results: Thereafter, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures such as emergency vaccination with autogenous vaccines were adopted. Half a month after inoculation with autogenous vaccines for the farm, the mortality rate of newborn piglets in the farrowing house began to decline, and production gradually returned to being stable. The second-generation sequencing analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) sequence obtained from the stool and small intestine samples of the diseased pigs on the farm was 97.8% homologous to the vaccine strain. At the same time, antibody testing found that the vaccinated pigs on the pig farm had satisfactory immune response.Conclusion: This case indicated that the PEDV outbreak on the pig farm might aggravate owing to the strain being mutated and could escape the immune protection of the existing vaccine. This case has accumulated technical data for the clinical prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea.

scholarly journals The Landscape of Anthrax Prevention and Control: Stakeholders’ Perceptive in Odisha, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Krushna Chandra Sahoo ◽  
Sapna Negi ◽  
Deepika Barla ◽  
Goldi Badaik ◽  
Sunita Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
State Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
College Laboratory ◽  
And Control

The prevalence and outbreaks of anthrax are interlinked with the animal-environment-human context, which signifies the need for collaborative, trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approaches for the prevention and control of anthrax. In India, there are hardly any shreds of evidence on the role of various stakeholders’ on anthrax prevention and control. Therefore, this study addressed the experiences of various stakeholders on anthrax prevention and control strategies in Odisha, India. A qualitative explorative study was carried out using 42 in-depth-interviews among the stakeholders from health, veterinary and general administrative departments from the block, district, and state level. Two major themes emerged: (1) Epidemiological investigation of anthrax in Odisha, India, and (2) Biological and social prevention strategies for anthrax in Odisha, India. The study emphasizes setting up the surveillance system as per standard guideline, and strengthening the diagnostic facility at a regional medical college laboratory to avoid delay. Moreover, it emphasizes step-up inter-sectoral co-ordination, collaboration and sensitization among health, veterinary, forestry, education, nutrition and tribal welfare departments at all levels in order to reduce the prevalence and control the outbreaks of anthrax in Odisha state. It also recommends raising community literacy, in particular on safe carcass disposal, changing behavior on dead-livestock consumption, and compliance with livestock vaccinations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Hepatocellular Enzymes in Nigerian with Goitre

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Johnkennedy Nnodim ◽  
Emejulu Adamma ◽  
Elendu Humphrey Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Imo State ◽  
And Control

Objective: The determination of serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patient with goitre in Owerri, Imo state Nigeria were investigated.Material & Methods: Thirty confirmed patients with goitre age 50 to 70years with the following thyroid index (Total T4 > 140.65±7.28nmol/l , Total T3 > 2.43±0.96nmol/l, Free T4 < 50.24±9.11nmol/l and TSH > 4.12±1.00nmol/l) were selected for the study. Thirty normal subjects free from goiter age 50 to 70 years were used as control. Patients with complications such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes were excluded.Results: The level of serum gamaglutamyl transferase in goitre subjects was significantly higher (50.32 ±4.27 iu/l) when compared with control (17.50±3.94 iu/l) at P< 0.05. In the same vein the level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher (110.9m/l±12.92 iu/l) when compared with the control (56.3±12.06 iu/l) P<0.05. The levels of AST and ALT in goitre and control were not significant when compared with the control.Conclusion: This observation shows that gammaglutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase are frequently in-creased in goitre. Hence, they are possibly thyroid dependent enzymes.Key Words: Gammaglutamyl transferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartateaminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; thyroid hormonesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3870Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 79-81

scholarly journals Transmission and containment of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in Guangzhou, China: A population-based study

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010048
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Zhi-Gang Han ◽  
Peng-Zhe Qin ◽  
Wen-Hui Liu ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background The first community transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant of concern (VOC) in Guangzhou, China occurred between May and June 2021. Herein, we describe the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak and evaluate the implemented containment measures against this outbreak. Methodology/Principal findings Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention provided the data on SARS-CoV-2 infections reported between 21 May and 24 June 2021. We estimated the incubation period distribution by fitting a gamma distribution to the data, while the serial interval distribution was estimated by fitting a normal distribution. The instantaneous effective reproductive number (Rt) was estimated to reflect the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical severity was compared for cases with different vaccination statuses using an ordinal regression model after controlling for age. Of the reported local cases, 7/153 (4.6%) were asymptomatic. The median incubation period was 6.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.42–6.71) days and the means of serial intervals decreased from 5.19 (95% CI: 4.29–6.11) to 3.78 (95% CI: 2.74–4.81) days. The incubation period increased with age (P<0.001). A hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 was implemented in Guangzhou, with Rt decreasing from 6.83 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.98–10.44) for the 7-day time window ending on 27 May 2021 to below 1 for the time window ending on 8 June and thereafter. Individuals with partial or full vaccination schedules with BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac accounted for 15.3% of the COVID-19 cases. Clinical symptoms were milder in partially or fully vaccinated cases than in unvaccinated cases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.07–0.94]). Conclusions/Significance The hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 in Guangzhou was timely and effective. Authorised inactivated vaccines are likely to contribute to reducing the probability of developing severe disease. Our findings have important implications for the containment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic – Implications, Planning, and Recommendations related to Dental Care Services and Dental Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp-1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Fazal Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
And Control

During the past few months, our understanding of the transmission, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and management of Covid-19 has considerably improved. This had made the dental healthcare personnel confident enough and ready to provide safely by implementing efficient prevention and cross-infection control strategies in the dental clinical setting. , At the same time, it is necessary that we must be constantly aware of the continuation of such infectious threats challenging our infection control regimen and preparedness to provide dental treatments and teaching and education. Good infection prevention and control strategies need to be evidence-based and in line with the recommendations of the local and international public health agencies. The disruption in dental services and dental education all over the world resulted in this pandemic has emphasized and resulted in new, innovative and improved infection prevention and control strategies and adoption of alternative teaching, learning and assessment strategies for students. It further reinforces the need for continued research exploring ways for responding better to future contagious disease threats.  

scholarly journals LEVELS OF ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE AND ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE CORRELATE WITH SEVERITY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICE GÓES LIBERATO MATTOS ◽  
ANA FLÁVIA ROCHA OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENAN MESEL CORREIA ◽  
FLORA GOMES TELES VIEIRA ◽  
HUGO DELEON LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chikungunya Fever

scholarly journals Progressive Duchenne — Becker Muscular Dystrophy.Challenges with Diagnosis

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Tsarkova ◽  
◽  
R.A. Ushakova ◽  
N.E. Gromada ◽  
M.I. Kosenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Becker Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Genetic Examination

Objective of the Paper: To present a case study of progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy (PMD) and demonstrate challenges and features of diagnosis of this pathology. Key Points. The article discusses a case of Duchenne – Becker PMD diagnosis in a 2-year old boy. We have described stages of diagnostic investigation and analysed the results of clinical observation and molecular genetic examination. We have proposed an examination algorithm for unexplained increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Conclusion. This case of PMD demonstrates challenges faced by health care providers in diagnosis of this condition. Early clinical symptoms, increased blood AAT and ALT, creatine phosphokinase are a reason for a molecular genetic examination. This algorithm can be used to diagnose PMD in order to save efforts searching for a non-existent neurological pathology and infection, promptly prescribe an adequate therapy and improve the quality of patient’s life. Keywords: progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy, molecular genetic examination, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase.

scholarly journals Risk Perception Measurement and Influencing Factors of COVID-19 in Medical College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangren Qin ◽  
Mengqiu Zhou ◽  
Ye Ding
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control

Purpose: In China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been under control and entered the normal prevention and control stage. For medical college students, many studies have analyzed their knowledge, risk perception, and prevention behaviors of COVID-19, but only a few pieces of research explore the content structure of COVID-19 risk perception and the influencing factors. This study measured the students' risk perception of COVID-19 and its dimensions and analyzed the influencing factors of risk perception among them.Methods: The online questionnaire survey was conducted at Hangzhou Medical College in Zhejiang Province among undergraduates and junior college students. A scale was formulated to precisely measure and analyze the COVID-19 risk perception among medical college students. The factors affecting the COVID-19 risk perception in medical college students were analyzed using the multivariate linear regression model.Results: A total of 810 medical students participated in the survey. Results show that COVID-19 risk perception among medical college students was divided into four dimensions: perceived health threat, perceived severity, perceived controllability, and perceived infection possibility. The results showed that income, education, major, and COVID-19 knowledge were the important factors affecting the COVID-19 risk perception of medical college students. Related factors have different influences on the various dimensions of COVID-19 risk perception. COVID-19 knowledge was significantly related to all dimensions of risk perception.Conclusion: This study evaluates the content structure of medical college students' risk perception of COVID-19 precisely and related influencing factors. It is necessary to grasp the risk perception, prevention, and control behaviors of medical college students of different backgrounds, education levels, and majors. Further knowledge training should be conducted for students majoring in clinical medicine, especially the pandemic prevention and control measure training to enhance their sense of security at work.

scholarly journals Awareness on prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among the adults attending an urban hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Md Azmal Hossain ◽  
Mosammat Makshuda Begum ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
SM Ahsanul Habib ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The aim the study was to evaluate the level of awareness on prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among the adults attending in an urban hospital in Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done, from June, 2009 to May, 2010, among 155 adult patients at the age of 18 to 35 years in out- patient department of Dhaka Mohanagar General Hospital, Nayabazar, Dhaka. Purposive sampling technique was followed. Results: This study showed that 46.5 percent of the adults had average knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS was good in 10.3 percent cases, neither good nor bad in 27.1 percent cases and poor in 16.1 percent respondents. 54 percent of the male adults and 50.48 percent of female adults had good knowledge. Lower age (18-27 years) group adults had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS in 53 percent. The knowledge about HIV/AIDS was good in 53.97 percent of literate group. The married adults had good knowledge in 50.85 percent cases. In the employed group, 55.17 percent had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Majority of the adults had more or less considerable knowledge on prevention and control of HIV/AIDS irrespective of gender, age, literacy, employment and educational qualification. Therefore, prevention of HIV/AIDS is possible through awareness and behavioral changes irrespective of socio-demographic variables. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1.22699 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.1, April, 2014, Page 78-83

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Level Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. S27-S33
Author(s):  
Ashees Kumar Saha ◽  
China Rani Mittra ◽  
Ronju Ara Khatun ◽  
Hasan Mahfuz Reza
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
And Training ◽  
Nurses Knowledge ◽  
Safe Practices

Background: Bangladesh is a highly populated country for that reasonCOVID-19 is highly transmittable infection in Bangladesh. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding prevention and control of COVID-19 infection. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from April to July 2020. The questionnaires were completed and returned by the nurses. Collected data were checked, coded and transferred in to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Frequency, percentage, mean, SD, chi-squire and other statistics were calculated. Result: The knowledge and practices scores were categorized into good (≥80%), fair (59-79%), and poor. The result shows that majority of the respondents 83.4% were female and 16.6% were male. 0nly 8.68% took training on COVID-19. More than half of the respondents (52.11%) took information from social media and 7.89% from seminars and workshops. Nearly two third percent nurse’s possessed (73.42%) good knowledge about COVID-19and 17.63% had fair knowledge.73.42% nurses had good practices, 21.84% fair practices and8.68% poor practices. There is a significant relationship between Nurses’ knowledge and practices (p=0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion effective and appropriate health education and training programs improve COVID-19 knowledge and maintenance of safe practices. Safe practices lead to prevent spread of COVID-19 infection from patient to nurses and nurse to patient. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 2020;7(suppl_2):S27-S33

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