scholarly journals Pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis: comparison of sonographic and histologic data

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
A. M. Yurkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Scanning Frequency ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Sonographic Pattern ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Objective: to establish sonographic criteria allowing determining the stage of the pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis.Material and methods. The sonographic data were compared with the results of the morphological studies of the samples of the iliolumbar ligaments, long dorsal sacroiliac ligaments, and sacrotuberous ligaments in 100 corpses. The age range of the studied subjects was 25–90 years. Among them, there were 64 men (average age 62.4 ± 11.8 years) and 36 women (average age 58.8 ± 15.1 years). Sonography of the ligament samples was performed in Bmode and using Multi-Slice View technology (Voluson 730 Expert and Toshiba Aplio XG ultrasound scanner, scanning frequency — 16–18 MHz).Results. A sonographic pattern inherent in the stage of adaptive changes, the stage of potentially reversible changes, and the stage of irreversible changes has been determined.Conclusion. Sonography can be used for a sufficiently accurate assessment of the stage of the pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis.

scholarly journals Simple Method for the Objective Activity Type Assessment with Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christian Brønd ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
Lars Bo Andersen ◽  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Line Grønholt Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Age Range

Background: The objective and accurate assessment of children’s sedentary and physical behavior is important for investigating their relation to health. The purpose of this study is to validate a simple and robust method for the identification of sitting, standing, walking, running and biking performed by preschool children, children and adolescents in the age from 3 to 16 years from a single thigh-worn accelerometer. Method: A total of 96 children were included in the study and all subjects followed a structured activity protocol performed in the subject’s normal kindergarten or school environment. Thigh acceleration was measured using the Axivity AX3 (Axivity, Newcastle, UK) device. Method development and accuracy was evaluated by equally dividing the subjects into a development and test group. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for identifying sitting and standing was above 99.3% and for walking and running above 82.6% for all age groups. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying biking was above 85.8% for children and adolescents and above 64.8% for the preschool group using running bikes. Conclusion: The accurate assessment of sitting, standing, walking, running and biking from thigh acceleration and with children in the age range of 3 to 16 is valid, although not with preschool children using running bikes.

Preliminary evidence that DEXA provides an accurate assessment of body composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range

Kohrt, Wendy M. Preliminary evidence that DEXA provides an accurate assessment of body composition. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 372–377, 1998.—It was previously found that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) underestimated central body fat. The purposes of this study were to determine whether an updated version (enhanced version 5.64) of the analysis program corrected this problem ( experiment 1) and to compare body composition assessed by DEXA and hydrodensitometry (HD) in women ( n= 225) and men ( n = 110) across a 21- to 81-yr age range ( experiment 2). For experiment 1, 10 subjects underwent DEXA procedures in a control condition and with packets of lard positioned over either the thighs or the truncal region. DEXA accurately quantified the additional mass as ∼96% fat, regardless of position. For experiment 2, DEXA yielded higher ( P < 0.001) estimates of fatness than did HD (32.1 ± 12.0 vs. 31.2 ± 10.1%). The mean difference between the two methods was similar in young, middle-aged, and older subjects, but was different in men (HD − DEXA, 1.6 ± 3.4% of body wt) than in women (−2.1 ± 3.8% of body wt). Correcting the density of fat-free mass for variance in the bone mineral fraction of fat-free mass reduced the difference between the methods in men from 1.6 ± 3.4 to −0.7 ± 2.9% but widened it in women from −2.1 ± 3.8 to −3.5 ± 3.4%. A second correction procedure that adjusted for variance in water, protein, and mineral fractions of fat-free mass eliminated the differences in estimates of fat content by DEXA and HD in both men (21.1 ± 9.3 vs. 20.6 ± 8.4%, respectively) and women (37.5 ± 9.3 vs. 36.8 ± 8.0%, respectively). These results provide encouraging, but not definitive, evidence that the assessment of body composition by DEXA is accurate under the specified conditions.

scholarly journals Limited scleroderma: sonographic pattern in the stage of erythema/edema

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
A. M. Yurkovskiy ◽  
L. A. Pаroshуna ◽  
S. L. Achinovich
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sonographic Patterns ◽  
Limited Scleroderma ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Sonographic Pattern ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Objective. To describe the sonopattern of limited scleroderma (LS) in the early stages after the onset of erythema.Materials and methods. The work describes a clinical case of limited plaque scleroderma. The sonographic examination was carried out on an ultrasound scanner using a transducer with operating frequencies of 10–16–18 MHz. Material sampling for the histologic examination of the skin was performed from the area with the most pronounced inflammatory changes under sonographic control.Results. It has been found that increased echogenicity of the dermis, “blurring” of the dermis/hypodermis boundary, increased echogenicity and the “stalactite-like” pattern of subcutaneous fat occur in the frst week of the disease; normalization or a signifcant improvement of the sonopattern is noted by the end of the second week or by the beginning of the third week after the onset of erythema.Conclusion. There is a certain parallelism between the histologic and sonographic patterns, which makes it possible to adequately assess both the activity and the stage of the LS process.

Fine Structural Localization of Acyltransferases Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
R. J. Barrnett ◽  
J. A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

The main products of intestinal hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These form micelles from which the lipids are absorbed across the mucosal cell brush border. Biochemical studies have indicated that intestinal mucosal cells possess a triglyceride synthesising system, which uses monoglyceride directly as an acylacceptor as well as the system found in other tissues in which alphaglycerophosphate is the acylacceptor. The former pathway is used preferentially for the resynthesis of triglyceride from absorbed lipid, while the latter is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis. Both lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons. Morphological studies have shown that during fat absorption there is an initial appearance of fat droplets within the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and that these subsequently accumulate in the golgi elements from which they are released at the lateral borders of the cell as chylomicrons.We have recently developed several methods for the fine structural localization of acyltransferases dependent on the precipitation, in an electron dense form, of CoA released during the transfer of the acyl group to an acceptor, and have now applied these methods to a study of the fine structural localization of the enzymes involved in chylomicron lipid biosynthesis. These methods are based on the reduction of ferricyanide ions by the free SH group of CoA.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

Ultrastructural Study of Human Testicular Biopsies in Infertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Philip Troen ◽  
Howard R. Nankin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Testicular biopsies were obtained from six young male subjects (age range 24-33) who complained of infertility and who had clinical evidence of oligospermia. This was confirmed on histological examination which showed a broad spectrum from profound hypospermatogenesis to relatively normal appearing germinal epithelium. Thickening of the tubular walls was noted in half of the cases and slight peritubular fibrosis in one. The Leydig cells were reported as normal or unremarkable.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the thickening of the supporting tissue of the germinal epithelium was caused more by an increase in the thickness of the layers of the lamina propria than of the tubular wall itself. The changes in the basement membrane of the tubular wall consisted mostly of a greater degree of infolding into the tubule and some reduplication which gave rise to a multilayered appearance.

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

Morphological studies of linear (AB)n multiblock copolymers and their blends

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
Richard J. Spontak ◽  
Steven D. Smith ◽  
Arman Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Total Molecular Weight ◽  
First Order Phase

Block copolymers are composed of sequences of dissimilar chemical moieties covalently bonded together. If the block lengths of each component are sufficiently long and the blocks are thermodynamically incompatible, these materials are capable of undergoing microphase separation, a weak first-order phase transition which results in the formation of an ordered microstructural network. Most efforts designed to elucidate the phase and configurational behavior in these copolymers have focused on the simple AB and ABA designs. Few studies have thus far targeted the perfectly-alternating multiblock (AB)n architecture. In this work, two series of neat (AB)n copolymers have been synthesized from styrene and isoprene monomers at a composition of 50 wt% polystyrene (PS). In Set I, the total molecular weight is held constant while the number of AB block pairs (n) is increased from one to four (which results in shorter blocks). Set II consists of materials in which the block lengths are held constant and n is varied again from one to four (which results in longer chains). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been employed here to investigate the morphologies and phase behavior of these materials and their blends.

Mast cell-nerve fiber interaction: Ultrastructural studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
E.Y. Chi ◽  
M.L. Su ◽  
Y.T. Tien ◽  
W.R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Granulocyte Infiltration ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Recent Attention

Recent attention has been directed to the interaction of the nerve and immune systems. The neuropeptide substance P, a tachykinnin which is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems produces tissue swelling, augemntation of intersitial fibrin deposition and leukocyte infiltration after intracutaneous injection. There is a direct correlation reported between the extent of mast cell degranulation at the sites of injection and the tissue swelling or granulocyte infiltration. It has previously been demonstrated that antidromic electrical stimulation of sensory nerves induces degranulation of cutaneous mast cells, cutaneous vasodilation and augmented vascular permeability. Morphological studies have documented a close anatiomical association between mast cells and nonmyelinated nerves, that contain substance P and other neuropeptides. However, the presence of mast cells within nerve fasicles has not been previously examined ultrastructurally. In this study, we examined ultrastructurally the distribution of mast cells in the nerve fiber bundles located in the muscular connective tissue of rat tongues (n=20).

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

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