scholarly journals Intricacies of Social Movement Outcome Research and beyond: “How can you Tell” Social Movements Prompt Changes?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doowon Suh

Most scholars of social movements have been drawn to research on the politically contentious behavior of collective actors because of the conviction that social movements sometimes generate significant historical progress and social change. Yet movement outcome research has been least developed in the literature. This irony emanates from methodological and causal intricacies that fail to clearly explicate how social movements create change. The challenges encompass the heaped typologies, mutual inconsistencies, causal heterogeneities, and conflictive evaluation criteria of movement outcomes. To overcome these quandaries, this paper proposes that (1) any attempt to find an invariant model or general theorization of a movement outcome is inevitably futile; (2) instead, attention to the specific context of time and place in which social movements produce outcomes is necessary; and (3) a comprehensive understanding of the origins of a movement outcome becomes possible when multiple variables are considered and their combined effects are analyzed.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Lourdes Morillas ◽  
Javier Roales ◽  
Cristina Cruz ◽  
Silvana Munzi

Lichens are classified into different functional groups depending on their ecological and physiological response to a given environmental stressor. However, knowledge on lichen response to the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors is extremely scarce, although vital to get a comprehensive understanding of the effects of global change. We exposed six lichen species belonging to different functional groups to the combined effects of two nitrogen (N) doses and direct sunlight involving both high temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 58 days. Irrespective of their functional group, all species showed a homogenous response to N with cumulative, detrimental effects and an inability to recover following sunlight, UV exposure. Moreover, solar radiation made a tolerant species more prone to N pollution’s effects. Our results draw attention to the combined effects of global change and other environmental drivers on canopy defoliation and tree death, with consequences for the protection of ecosystems.


2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Vélez-Vélez ◽  
Jacqueline Villarrubia-Mendoza

Most research on art and social movements focuses on the representational aspect of art, leaving untouched how artwork informs audiences and actors on the mobilization dynamics permeating the field of action. In this article the authors contend that the analysis of art in social movements should pursue the ways in which collective actors place art as part of their interpretative lens to act upon changing social conditions. The article’s analysis of art around the DREAMers Movement suggests that artwork allows for movement actors to change the limits of their cultural context and affect the repertoires of articulations conceived within that context. This analysis moves beyond the notions of art as representation and presents art as a field to challenge the forms and dynamics of mobilization.


2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 2123-2126
Author(s):  
Xin Cai Xiao

Currently, engineering majors because of innovative talents of engineering and technology are needed. However their curriculum, management and evaluation criteria often refer to those of liberal arts and science majors which have been established for years. Meanwhile, there is no comprehensive understanding of engineering and its related ideas. It will disappoint the faculty and disqualify the students. In the article, we will describe in detail the special characteristic of engineering and claim that engineering concepts play an important role in promoting engineering teaching in universities.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Thomas Olesen

Formålet med artiklen er at tilbyde en teoretisk og konceptuel ramme for forskning i uretfærdighedssymboler og sociale bevægelser. Uretfærdighedssymboler forstås som symboler, der for et kollektiv kondenserer og udstiller en generel uretfærdig tilstand i samfundet/verden. Studiet af uretfærdighedssymboler fremstår underbelyst i den politiske sociologi. Artiklen arbejder i to spor. På den ene side argumenteres det, at den nuværende samfundstype med globale kommunikationsstrømme og nye medieteknologier promoverer betydningen af uretfærdighedssymboler i de sociale bevægelsers aktiviteter. På den anden side pointeres det, at relationen mellem symboler og sociale bevægelser på ingen måde er historisk ny. Tværtimod er grundpåstanden, ikke mindst inspireret af den sene Durkheim, at symboler er et grundlæggende element i reproduktionen af menneskelige samfund. En udforskning af dynamikken mellem uretfærdighedssymboler og sociale bevægelser er sociologisk interessant af to grunde. For det første er uretfærdighedssymboler resultatet af politiske menings- og værdiprocesser, hvor kollektive aktører tillægger begivenheder, personer og andre objekter en universaliserende betydning. For det andet indgår uretfærdighedssymboler som en del af vores kollektive erindring og optræder derfor som idemæssige ressourcer, der kan mobiliseres uden for deres rumlige og tidslige forankring. Sociale bevægelser har med andre ord en social og politisk dobbeltrolle, hvor de både er skabere og ”forbrugere” af symboler. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Thomas Olesen: Injustice Symbols and Social Movements The purpose of the article is to offer a theoretical and conceptual framework for research on injustice symbols and social movements. Injustice symbols are understood as symbols that condense and expose an overall unjust situation in society/the world. The study of these symbols appears somewhat neglected in political sociology. The article pursues two tracks. On the one hand, it argues that the present type of society with global currents of communication and new media technologies is promoting the significance of injustice symbols in the activities of social movements. On the other hand, it stresses that the relation between these symbols and social movements is by no means historically new. On the contrary, not least inspired by Durkheim, the basic argument is that symbols constitute a fundamental element in the reproduction of human societies. An investigation into the dynamics between injustice symbols and social movements is interesting from a sociological point of view for two reasons. First, injustice symbols are the result of political opinion- and value processes whereby collective actors ascribe a universalizing meaning to events, individuals and other objects. Second, these symbols form part of our collective memory. Consequently, they act as ideational resources that can be mobilized outside their spatial and time-related framework. In sum, social movements have a social and political double role where they are both creators and users of symbols. Keywords: social movements, symbols, new media ecology, Durkheim, injustice.


2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Roberto Vélez-Vélez

This article explores the significance of reflexivity as a cultural process in social movements. It examines the roles that gender and memory played in mobilizing women in the antimilitary movement in Vieques, Puerto Rico, between 1999-2003. In particular, the analysis focuses on the articulations and actions undertaken by the Alianza de Mujeres Viequenses. While some emerging research stresses the novelty of women's participation in the latest effort to remove the U.S. Navy from this island, none have operationalized the event in a theoretical context and highlighted key nuances. This article engages literatures on the significance of gender in the mobilization process as well as the cultural nature of remembrance and its significance in the meaning-making process for collective actors. It does so through an examination of the mobilization of women in the antimilitary movement. Furthermore it argues for the acknowledgement of reflexivity in the examination of claims articulation for mobilization.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan J. Ballor ◽  
Victor V. Claar

Purpose Creativity and innovation are interrelated, and indeed often conflated, concepts. A corollary to this distinction is two different perspectives or types of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the distinction between creativity and innovation on the basis of their relationship to history and implications for understandings of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a theoretical exploration of entrepreneurship understood in relation to a proper distinction between creativity and innovation. Creativity and innovation differ from the perspective of their relationship to what has already happened in history vs the radical novelty of a particular discovery or invention. Findings Creativity can be understood as what human beings do in connection with the fundamental givenness of things. Innovation, on the other hand, can be best understood as a phenomenon related to the historical progress of humankind. Innovation is what human beings discover on the basis of what has already been discovered. Entrepreneurs can be seen as those who discover something radically new and hidden in the latent possibilities of reality and creation. Or entrepreneurs can be seen as those who develop new, and even epochal, discoveries primarily on the basis of the insights and discoveries of those who have come before them in history. Originality/value This paper provides a helpful conceptual distinction between creativity and innovation, and finds compatibility in these different perspectives. A holistic and comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurship embraces both its creative and innovative aspects, its metaphysical grounding as well as its historicity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Saima Afzal ◽  
Ayesha Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Sehar Saleem ◽  
Nouman Ali ◽  
...  

Outlier detection is a challenging task especially when outliers are defined by rare combinations of multiple variables. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a new method for the detection of outliers in multivariate data that relies on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and three-sigma limits. The proposed approach employs PCA to effectively perform dimension reduction by regenerating variables, i.e., fitted points from the original observations. The observations lying outside the three-sigma limits are identified as the outliers. This proposed method has been successfully employed to two real life and several artificially generated datasets. The performance of the proposed method is compared with some of the existing methods using different performance evaluation criteria including the percentage of correct classification, precision, recall, and F-measure. The supremacy of the proposed method is confirmed by abovementioned criteria and datasets. The F-measure for the first real life dataset is the highest, i.e., 0.6667 for the proposed method and 0.3333 and 0.4000 for the two existing approaches. Similarly, for the second real dataset, this measure is 0.8000 for the proposed approach and 0.5263 and 0.6315 for the two existing approaches. It is also observed by the simulation experiments that the performance of the proposed approach got better with increasing sample size.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Vigors ◽  
Peter Sandøe ◽  
Alistair B. Lawrence

Societal and scientific perspectives of animal welfare have an interconnected history. However, they have also, somewhat, evolved separately with scientific perspectives often focusing on specific aspects or indicators of animal welfare and societal perspectives typically taking a broader and more ethically oriented view of welfare. In this conceptual paper, we examine the similarities and differences between scientific and societal perspectives of positive welfare and examine what they may mean for future discussions of animal welfare considered as a whole. Reviewing published studies in the field we find that (UK and Republic of Ireland) farmers and (UK) members of the public (i.e., society) typically consider both negatives (i.e., minimising harms) and positives (i.e., promoting positive experiences) within the envelope of positive welfare and prioritise welfare needs according to the specific context or situation an animal is in. However, little consideration of a whole life perspective (e.g., the balance of positive and negative experiences across an animal's lifetime) is evident in these societal perspectives. We highlight how addressing these disparities, by simultaneously considering scientific and societal perspectives of positive welfare, provides an opportunity to more fully incorporate positive welfare within a comprehensive understanding of animal welfare. We suggest that a consideration of both scientific and societal perspectives points to an approach to welfare which accounts for both positive and negative experiences, prioritises them (e.g., by seeing positive experiences as dependent on basic animal needs being fulfilled), and considers the balance of positives and negatives over the lifetime of the animals. We expand on this view and conclude with its potential implications for future development of how to understand and assess animal welfare.


2009 ◽  
pp. 75-110
Author(s):  
Manuela Caiani

- In this article, we analyse the impact of Europeanisation on domestic actors, by looking at how Europeanisation affects the configurations of power and coalitional dynamics at the domestic level. Focusing on the Italian case, with the help of social network analysis and on the basis of 80 semi-structured interviews, we shall look at networks of alliance, disagreement and target among political actors that mobilise on European issues within three specific policy areas (European integration, agricultural policy and immigration and asylum policy), focusing in particular on the role that social movements and NGOs play in these networks (are they central? Are they peripheral? Who play a role as ‘broker'?). In fact, processes of Europeanisation can destabilise the configuration of power in public policies and the relative structure of policy networks, weakening stable and ‘dominant' actors while strengthening others and opening ‘windows of opportunity'. We also explore the formation of specific coalitions between social movements and NGOs and the other actors, as well as the cleavages around which the debate on Europe is structured and which can influence the path of Europeanisation of national collective actors. Observing these networks, our research recognises the importance that the multilevel structure of the EU creates in terms of offering new opportunities and organisational resources to actors, yet also acknowledges the crucial importance of meso-levels of decision-making, the dynamics of interaction between actors in the same context, and their subjective interpretations. Keywords: social networks; social movements; Ngo; Europe; multilevel governance


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kavada

Digital media pose a dual challenge to conventional understandings of political agency. First, digital media destabilize long-held assumptions about the nature of collective action, about social movements and their capacity to effect change. This is because digital media are thought to facilitate more decentralized, dispersed, temporary and individualized forms of political action that subvert the notion of the collective as singular, unified, homogeneous, coherent, and mass. One way of resolving this challenge is to view the collective in looser terms, as a process rather than as a finished product, a conceptualization that can be influence our understanding not only of social movements, but also of other political actors and of society as a whole. Second, digital media highlight the need to take communication seriously in how we conceptualize both collective action and political agency. Placing communication at the centre allows us to develop this looser and more processual understanding of the collective by studying it as a process that is constituted in and through communication. Inspired by organizational communication and particularly the work of Taylor and van Every (2000), this essay proposes a conception of collective action as emerging in conversations and solidified in texts. This conceptualization allows for a more multiplex and variegated view of political agency that takes into account the specific context where agency is exercised and the power that different actors can exert in a communicative process of negotiation, persuasion and claim-making.


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