scholarly journals Highlighting a population-based re-emergence of Syphilis infection and assessing associated risk factors among pregnant women in Cameroon: Evidence from the 2009, 2012 and 2017 national sentinel surveillance surveys of HIV and syphilis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241999
Author(s):  
Cyprien Kengne-Nde ◽  
Jean de Dieu Anoubissi ◽  
Gabriel Loni-Ekali ◽  
Celine Nguefeu-Nkenfou ◽  
Yasmine Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Syphilis and HIV can be transmitted from pregnant women to their children and they remain a public health problem in Africa. Our study aimed to determine the trends of seroprevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection and syphilis infection overtime through the national surveillance system in Cameroon and to explore associated risk factors. Methods We conducted cross-sectional studies of HIV and syphilis, targeting each year 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees at the same sites during the 2009, 2012 and 2017 sentinel surveillance surveys. Pregnant women were enrolled at their ANC-1, sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. HIV and Syphilis test were performed by serial algorithm as per the national guidelines. Trends were assessed for HIV, syphilis and HIV/syphilis by estimating seroprevalence from cross-sectional studies. Associated risk factors were explored using multinomial logistic regression with 4 outcomes: HIV/syphilis co-infection, HIV infection only, syphilis infection only and no infection. Results Overall, 6 632, 6 521 and 6 859 pregnant women were enrolled in 2009, 2012 and 2017 respectively. In 2017, a total of 3 901 pregnant women enrolled were tested for syphilis. Almost half of them (47.9%) were living in urban area and were aged less than 25 years (44.7%). While HIV epidemic was on a decline (from 7.6% (95% CI: 6.99–8.28) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI: 4.93–6.4) in 2017), a huge significant increase of syphilis prevalence was observed (from 0.6% (95% CI:0.40–0.80) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI:4.93–6.40) in 2017). Pregnant women residing in rural areas were more likely to be infected with syphilis than those living in the urban area (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Unmarried pregnant women were three time more likely to be infected by HIV/Syphilis Co-infection than married, cohabiting, widow or divorced pregnant women (aOR = 2.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Furthermore; living in Northern region was associated with a lower risk of being infected with HIV (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5–0.9]) and Syphilis infection (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9]). Conclusion The epidemiological dynamics of syphilis suggests a growing burden of syphilis infection in the general population of Cameroon. Our findings support the fact that while emphasizing strategies to fight HIV, huge efforts should also be made for strategies to prevent and fight syphilis infection especially among HIV positive women, in rural area, and southern regions.

scholarly journals Assessment of syphilis infection among pregnant women and its associated risk factors at Sovu health center in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Nshimiyimana ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi ◽  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Francois N. Niyonzima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Syphilis in pregnant women caused by Treponema pallidum remains a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. Severe neonatal infections, stillbirths, perinatal deaths, and low birth weight babies are common among mothers with syphilis infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated to syphilis in pregnant women. A cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted among pregnant women who attended the prenatal service at the Gisovu health center. Participants were pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis based on lab results and responses collected from anonymous questionnaires completed with sexual behaviors, demographics, sexual partners, history of abortion, and knowledge about STDs. The prevalence of syphilis was 5.74%. Syphilis was associated to the history of previous abortion (P = 0.005 < 0.05), a low level of education (P = 0.049 < 0.05), and marital status (P = 0.044 < 0.05). The main associated behavioral factor was women who had sex with different partners using condom and did not acquire syphilis infection (P = 0.00 < 0.05). Syphilis is still a public health concern in patients and especially in pregnant women as shown by the findings of this study. It is very important to screen all pregnant women for syphilis and to strengthen the existing antenatal care services and health education on transmission and prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Anemia among pregnant women in internally displaced camps in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, severity and associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramla Hussein Ahmed ◽  
Asha Abdirahman Yussuf ◽  
Asma Abdikarin Ali ◽  
Sowdo Nuur Iyow ◽  
Maryan Abdulahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Anemia in pregnancy is a serious global public health problem in most developing countries and a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Somalia which already had very high maternal mortality ratio of 829 per 100,000 live births, pregnant women in internally displaced camps (IDPs) remain at most exposed. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, severity and associated risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in internally displaced camps in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 households in the most IDP settled districts in Mogadishu. Every pregnant mother in these sampled households who was voluntarily consented was targeted. A sample of blood was also taken by pricking the fingertip and inserted into hemoglobin meter. Those with Hb < 11 g/dl from hemoglobin meter had been taken another sample of 3 cc blood and put into EDTA tube for CBC analysis to identify the type of anemia. Data on risk factors were collected using structured pretested questionnaire via an interview. Collected data was coded and entered in SPSS- Version 22 for analysis. Descriptive analysis, bivariate chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were done. Results The overall prevalence of anemia among study participants was 44.4% (95%CI: 39.5-49.3%), where severe and moderate anemia were 11.8 and 47.0% respectively. In addition all anaemic cases were microcytic hypochromic anemia. Young maternal age, low Family income, fewer/zero parity, being at third or second trimesters, lack of ANC attendance during pregnancy, lack of iron supplementation during pregnancy, taking tea immediately after meal during pregnancy, lower/zero frequency of daily meat and vegetables consumption during pregnancy were associated risk factors of anemia. Conclusion The anemia prevalence from this study was severe public health problem. Several factors were found to be associated with anemia during pregnancy. Measures has to be taken to curb the problem by including them mass iron supplementation and health education towards identified risk factors.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. AlFaris ◽  
Nora M. AlKehayez ◽  
Fatema I. AlMushawah ◽  
AbdulRhman N. AlNaeem ◽  
Nadia D. AlAmri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Associated risk factors with seroprevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection among Pregnant women attending guelendeng health District in the Mayo-kebbi East Region of Chad

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Salomon Philippe Nguwoh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health District ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: In Republic of Chad, the seroprevalence of HIV among antenatal pregnant women is known as decreasing over years meanwhile the epidemiological data among pregnant women for hepatitis B virus are scarce. The co-infection HIV/HBV increases the risk of mother to child transmission of both viruses. This study aimed to determine the rate of HIV, HBV co-infection and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women attending Guelendeng health district (GHD). Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019 among pregnant women attending GHD. The questionnaire included demographics, AIDS and HBV knowledge, behavior factors and history of blood transfusion. Blood samples were obtained and tested serologically for HIV and HBV. The study of associations between exposure and outcome variables was sought with the odds ratio (OR), expressed with 95% confidence interval. Tests were performed using Epi info 7.0 with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Out of 200 enrolled pregnant women, the median age was 25years old with interquartile range from 20.5 to 30 years old. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and the co-infection HIV/HBV were 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1%-8.4%; 9/200), 13% (95% CI: 8.7%-18.5%; 26/200) and 2% (95 % IC: 0.6%-5%; 4/200) respectively. The antenatal age was associated to HBV infection (p=0.04) unlike HIV infection (p=0.4) and HIV/HBV co-infection (p=0.52). Women aged more than 29 years were most affected. Bivariate analysis identified that the non-use of condom (OR 7.79, 95% CI: 1.9-32.6, p=0.004) and blood transfusion history (OR 17.9, 95% CI: 2.6-124.8, p=0.01) were associated risk factors of contracting HIV. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV and HBV remains high among pregnant women attending antenatal ward in Guelendeng Health District with associated risk factors such as age, blood transfusion and the non-use of condom with new sexual partners.

scholarly journals Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal care in an urban city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda K Moise
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preventable alcohol-related developmental disability fetal alcohol syndrome. In Zambia, alcohol use and associated risk factors have not been investigated, and screening in prenatal care is nonexistent. This study determined individual correlates and the prevalence of alcohol use in pregnant women attending prenatal care at two health clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods A study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 188 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from July 19 to 31, 2017. Participants aged 18 or over completed the T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut Down and Eye Opener) screening tool and validated alcohol-screening questionnaires on self-reported alcohol use periconceptional and during conception period while at their regular prenatal visit. The T-ACE screening tool assessed the risk of alcohol dependence in four short questions. The questionnaires included demographic questions. Bivariate analyses were performed using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables and the t-test for continuous variables. Mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the effect of outcome variables with patient-level variables. Results About 40 (21.2%) pregnant women were identified by the T-ACE as at-risk for problem drinking during pregnancy. Except for regular prenatal care and distance, there was no difference in the demographic factors between pregnant women who scored <2 on the T-ACE and those that scored > 2 points (all p’s > 0.05). A small proportional of women at both clinics reported binge drinking during the periconceptional period (12.7% vs. 3.2%, p=0.003) and beyond periconception period. Excluding employed women, no significant relationships were observed between alcohol use and demographic factors. Conclusion These findings underscore the need for targeted screening and intervention for alcohol use in all pregnant women in Zambia.

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE FEELINGS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-387
Author(s):  
Chin Tee Suan ◽  
Anwar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

In nowadays competitive environment, students face challenges and intense pressure both from social and university lives, which is perceived stressful, and it ultimately develop feelings of depression. Keeping this in view, the current study aims to know prevalence of depressive feelings and its associated risk factors among Malaysian university students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected by an online-self-reported- questionnaire from 210 students. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, while linkages between depression and its risk-factors were determined by multinomial-logistic regression analysis. Results show that depressive symptoms were moderately elevated among 19-to-22 years old students, female students, unmarried, having past-trauma and financially poor status. Depressive symptoms had impeded academic life of students and academic performance. This study recommends that the menace of depression should be dealt collectively by parents, teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment to students, which will prevent students from detrimental impacts of depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bably Sabina Azhar ◽  
Md Shofikul Islam ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: Anemia has created attention worldwide because of its adverse effects on the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A large body of evidence has shown that pregnant women are the most vulnerable group to anemia. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia, and associated risk factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at government and private hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 424 pregnant women, who visited hospitals for ANC from January to July 2019. We used a simple random sampling technique to select study subjects. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and participant’s current medical record cards. SPSS software was used for analyzing data. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 62.5% and significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the subjects attending ANC in government hospitals (68.7%) than in private (55.0%) hospitals. The prevalence of the severity of anemia was 28.3% mild, 36.9% moderate, and 3.40% severe in government hospitals while in private hospitals was 14.7% mild, 39.8% moderate, and 0.5% severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with maternal age 20–25 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9] and 26–30 years (AOR = 2.37), monthly family income (300–500) US$ (AOR = 2.76), and ANC in government hospitals (AOR = 2.02), the parity [multiparous (AOR = 1.92)], gravidity [multigravid (AOR = 1.63)], contraception [no contraception (AOR = 2.50), and iron supplement [no iron supplement (AOR = 0.64). Conclusions: The result suggests that pregnant women should receive routine ANC and recognize iron supplementation during pregnancy. Finally, the results of this study are particularly relevant for pregnant women who are receiving ANC.

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