scholarly journals Parental influence over mate choice in a post-industrial context

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menelaos Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Industrial Context ◽  
Equal Interest

Conflicting interests over mating underpin parental attempts to control the mating behaviour of their children. In post-industrial societies, certain constraints prevent parents from enforcing direct control, however, this paper hypothesises that parents maintain a considerable interest in influencing their offspring’s mate choices. It is further hypothesised that wealthy parents are more interested in influencing their children’s mating behaviour than less wealthy ones, and that parents are more interested in influencing the mate choices of their daughters than of their sons. Finally, the hypothesis is tested that mothers and fathers have an equal interest in the mating behaviour of their offspring. Evidence from a sample of 340 parents provides support for the first three hypotheses, but it indicates that mothers are more interested in influencing their children’s mate choices than fathers.

scholarly journals How universal are human mate choices? Size does not matter when Hadza foragers are choosing a mate

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sear ◽  
Frank W. Marlowe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

It has been argued that size matters on the human mate market: both stated preferences and mate choices have been found to be non-random with respect to height and weight. But how universal are these patterns? Most of the literature on human mating patterns is based on post-industrial societies. Much less is known about mating behaviour in more traditional societies. Here we investigate mate choice by analysing whether there is any evidence for non-random mating with respect to size and strength in a forager community, the Hadza of Tanzania. We test whether couples assort for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), per cent fat and grip strength. We test whether there is a male-taller norm. Finally, we test for an association between anthropometric variables and number of marriages. Our results show no evidence for assortative mating for height, weight, BMI or per cent fat; no evidence for a male-taller norm and no evidence that number of marriages is associated with our size variables. Hadza couples may assort positively for grip strength, but grip strength does not affect the number of marriages. Overall we conclude that, in contrast to post-industrial societies, mating appears to be random with respect to size in the Hadza.

Post-Industrial model of Society, Education and science in Philosophical concepts of Radical Pedagogy in the context of Globalization for the Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Viktor Zinchenko ◽  
Nataliia Krokhmal ◽  
Оlha Horpynych ◽  
Nataliia Fialko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Security Education ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

Critical theory of education should be based on a critical theory of society, which is conceptually analyzes the features of actually existing industrial and post-industrial societies and their relations of domination and subordination (oppression), conflict and the prospects for progressive social change and transformative practices that make projects more complete, freer life and democratic society. Criticality theory means a way of seeing and understanding, building categories, making connections, reflection and participation in practice theory, theory of withdrawal of social practice.This term contains an element of emancipation, liberation and self-determination of the oppressed and exploited masses, recognizing that people are socially excluded from the material security, education and decision-making can share vidrefleksuvaty their situation, realize that it is unauthorized again, and realize that they must organize themselves in order to change the structure of society.

Disappointing poverty trends: is the social investment state to blame?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Vandenbroucke ◽  
Koen Vleminckx
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
The Eu

Should we explain the disappointing outcomes of the Open Method of Co-ordination on Inclusion by methodological weaknesses or by substantive contradictions in the ‘social investment’ paradigm? To clarify the underlying concepts, we first revisit the original ‘Lisbon inspiration’ and then relate it to the idea of the ‘new welfare state’, as proposed in the literature on new risks in post-industrial societies. We then discuss two explanations for disappointing poverty trends, suggested by critical accounts of the ‘social investment state’: ‘resource competition’ and a ‘re-commodification’. We do not find these explanations convincing per se and conclude that the jury is still out on the ‘social investment state’. However, policy-makers cannot ignore the failure of employment policies to reduce the proportion of children and working-age adults living in jobless households in the EU, and they should not deny the reality of a ‘trilemma of activation’. Finally, we identify policy conditions that may facilitate the complementarity of social investment and social inclusion.

Self and Body

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Sassatelli
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Specific Configuration ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Late Modern

This article investigates the historical formation and specific configuration of a threefold relation crucial to contemporary society, that between the body, the self, and material culture, which, in contemporary, late modern (or post-industrial) societies, has become largely defined through consumer culture. Drawing on historiography, sociology, and anthropology, it explores how, from the early modern period, the consolidation of new consumption patterns and values has given way to particular visions of the human being as a consumer, and how, in turn, the consumer has become a cultural battlefield for the management of body and self. The article also discusses tastes, habitus, and individualization.

scholarly journals An impact of the distance on grandparental childcare: A comparative study conducted in Russia, the United States, and Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Semenova ◽  
◽  
Marina Lvovna Butovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
R Software ◽  
Grandparental Childcare ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Societies

We tested this prediction on data collected in three cultural contexts of modern post-industrial societies. Quantitative data on the frequency of grandparental involvement in childcare were collected via a set of online surveys conducted in 2019 in Russia, the United States, and Brazil (N= 1531) and analyzed in R software. The current research was also focused on the analysis of the impact of the distance between households on the frequency of kinship assistance in childcare. Results. We found significant cross-cultural universalizes: 1) the distance between households negatively affects the frequency of help; 2) the care of the maternal grandparents is significantly higher than the care of the paternal grandparents. Discussion. In this study we found that the distance between households and family kin side have stable significant impact on the grandparental help cross-culturally. At the same time, it was shown that grandparental help in childcare is significantly reduced in Brazil compared to the other two studied countries. The phenomenon of reduced kin help in Brazil is an important finding and requires further research by evolutionary psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists.

An unlevel playing field: national income estimates and reciprocal comparison in global economic history

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Jerven
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global History ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

AbstractIf we take recent income per capita estimates at face value, they imply that the average medieval European was at least five times ‘better off’ than the average Congolese today. This raises important questions regarding the meaning and applicability of national income estimates throughout time and space, and their use in the analysis of global economic history over the long term. This article asks whether national income estimates have a historical and geographical specificity that renders the ‘data’ increasingly unsuitable and misleading when assessed outside a specific time and place. Taking the concept of ‘reciprocal comparison’ as a starting point, it further questions whether national income estimates make sense in pre-and post-industrial societies, in decentralized societies, and in polities outside the temperate zone. One of the major challenges in global history is Eurocentrism. Resisting the temptation to compare the world according to the most conventional development measure might be a recommended step in overcoming this bias.

Parental Influence and Sexual Selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Menelaos Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection Force

This chapter addresses how the genetic relatedness between parents and their children results in the two parties having converging as well as diverging interests. In the domain of mating, these interests, along with other factors such as the trade-offs inherent in mating, give rise to an opportunity cost of free mate choice: Parents have much to lose if they allow their children to exercise choice freely. This opportunity cost provides a strong incentive to parents to influence their children’s mate choices. In preindustrial societies, parents manage to exercise direct control, which is predominantly manifested in the institution of arranged marriage. In postindustrial societies, parents exercise influence indirectly through manipulation. Ultimately, parental influence over mating gives rise to a sexual selection force, namely parental choice, which may be unique to the human species.

Obesity: An Evolutionary Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin I.M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

The brain consumes about 20 per cent of the total energy intake in human adults. Primates, and especially humans, have unusually large brains for body size compared with other vertebrates, and fuelling these is a significant drain on both time and energy. Larger-brained primates generally eat fruit-intense diets, but human brains are so large that a reduction in gut size is needed to free up sufficient resources to allow a larger brain to be evolved, placing further pressure on foraging. The early invention of cooking increased nutrient absorption by around 30 per cent over raw food. Increasing digestibility in this way perhaps inevitably leads to risk of obesity when food is super-abundant, as it is in post-industrial societies. However, obesity has clearly been around for a long time, as suggested by the late Palaeolithic Venus figures of Europe, so it is not a novel problem.

The Making of the Information Society

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
P.E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Service ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Dominant Phase

Unlike the decisive occupations which facilitated the unambiguous naming of the agricultural and industrial societies, the present one which is tagged with an array of groupings—Post-Industrial, Service, Knowledge, Post-modern, Wired/Networked, Artificial, so on and so forth—can hardly ever be viewed from the perspective of a single occupation. With technology in the forefront working as the driver of information and knowledge, it supports and causes the rampant changes in the provinces of economy, occupation, spatial relations, and culture. And, together they signify the arrival of the ‘Information Society'. The obvious shift of a considerable population from the landed labour to industrial labour to knowledge workers marks the transitional phase of the society from agriculture to manufacturing to knowledge society. Hence, this chapter proposes that the dominant phase of a society is not to be visualised as an independent system that is divorced from the other two, but to be understood as an extension of its past.

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