scholarly journals Water And Feed Utilization Relationship In West African Dwarf (Forest) Goats Of Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
U. J. Ikhatua ◽  
T. I. Dede ◽  
A. S. Apumami
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Age Range

Eight bucks weighing between 12 and 15kg liveweight and age range of 9 -12 months were used in a 42-day feeding and metabolism trials to study the water intake and feed utilization relationship in the West African Dwarf (forest) goats of Southern Nigeria. There was no significant difference in the average water intake between the groups but feed intake was significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). Feed efficiency was very similar between the groups; Dry Matter (DM) intake to water intake ratios were 0.21 and 0.27 respectively while mean daily liveweight gains were significantly different. Nitrogen utilization showed significantly higher nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss between the groups but nitrogen retained as percent of nitrogen intake was however not different between the groups. Results from the study established a positive correlation between water intake and feed intake in the experimental goats with correlation (r) values of 0.47 and 0.53 for the two groups respectively.

scholarly journals Feed intake analysis and organ weights of growing west African dwarf goats fed some browse plants and a concentrate supplement diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Ocheja J O ◽  
Uguru J.O ◽  
Audu M ◽  
Apeh, U.J ◽  
Shittu, B.A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
West African ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Browse Species

The study evaluated the feed intake and organ weights of sixteen growing West African dwarf bucks fed some browse species and a concentrate supplement diet. The goats were allotted into four (4) treatments of four goats each. The goats were fed leaves from Gmelina, (Gmelina aborea)) Tamarind, (Tamarindus, Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Teak leaves (Tectona grandis) at 200g/goat/day for Treatments 1, 2, 3and 4 respectively and a concentrate supplement diet at 100g per goat/day for a duration of fifty (50) days. Known volume of water was served, feed and water intake were monitored and recorded The experimental design was a completely randomized design ,data were analysed using a one way analysis of variance and least significant difference to separate the significant means using SPSS statistical package for windows 23 , 2015 version .Concentrate and browse samples were analysed using the methods of AOAC (2000) ,daily browse intake (134.22– 245.44g), total daily feed intake(225.53 – 339.87g), daily water intake(340.00– 420.00ml) and daily supplement intake values were all significantly (p>0.05) different across the treatment means . The water intake followed similar trend as the dry matter intake. All the organ weights were not significant (P<0.05), the weights were within normal ranges for goats. It was therefore concluded that Gmelina arborea was the most preferred by the goats in terms of intake, it also had the best array of nutrients. The four browse species were safe for the goats and were therefore recommended for goat feeding especially during the long dry season. Further research using other breeds and classes of goats as well as other species of ruminants such as sheep and cattle was also recommended.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED GLIRICIDIA sepium AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCOEPHALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

scholarly journals Feed intake, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of West African dwarf rams fed silage combinations of maize forage and Mucuna pruriens foliage

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
B. O. Alabi ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Crude protein is essentially needed for ruminants but expensive to supply. Mucuna puriens is a high yielding domesticated legume. When the legume is strategically combined with a fibre source, it will make a good diet for ruminants. Thus, a study was carried out to assess the effect of ensiling mucuna with maize forage on performance of rams. In the study, rams were fed silage combinations of Maize Forage (MF) and Mucuna pruriens foliage (MPF). Downy mildew and streak resistant (DMR-SR) yellow variety maize was planted and harvested as MF at six weeks of growth and ensiled with MPF at four levels : 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 for 21 days. All the four silages were fed to 20 WAD rams (12.00±0.25 Kg) in a completely randomised design for 105 days. Proximate composition of the silages, apparent nutrient digestibility of silages in WAD rams, feed intake and weight changes were determined using standard procedures, while feed conversion ratio was computed using standard procedures. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05...The dry matter (DM) was significantly higher in T1 (25.65±0.62) and T2 (23.48±0.47) than T3 (21.80±0.41) and T4 (21.57±0.40). The crude protein (CP) was highest in T4 (13.0±0.6) and least in T1 (8.0±0.2). The crude fibre was significantly higher in T1 (26.4±2.6) and T2 (26.2±2.0) than T3 (24.0±1.8) and T4 (21.6±0.9). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was highest in T2 (59.2±1.7) and least in T4 (37.7±1.9), while percentage nitrogen retention was significantly higher in T2 (43.2±3.8) and lower in T1 (20.0±4.3). The FCR for rams fed T2 was significantly lower (8.84±1.2) than T1 (9.76±0.80), T3 (9.60 ±0.60) and T4 (11.50±0.90) Ensiling maize forage with Mucuna pruriens foliage at 3:1 enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance in West African dwarf rams without any deleterious effect.

Reproductive performance of the West African Dwarf and the Nungua Black Head sheep of Ghana

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Ngere ◽  
G. Aboagye
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Black Head ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dwarf Type ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

ABSTRACTA study was made of some aspects of reproduction in the Nungua Black Head and the Ghanian variety of the West African Dwarf sheep. The gestation period of the two breeds was similar: 150 and 148 days respectively. Ewes mated in August and September tended to have slightly longer gestation periods than those mated in March. The mean birth weights were 2·2 kg in the Nungua Black Head and 13 kg in the West African Dwarf. Type of birth affected the weight of lambs at birth. The Nungua Black Head had no triplets, 0·132 twins and 0·868 singles. The West African Dwarf was more prolific: 0·402 singles, 0·557 twins and 0·041 triplets. The weight advantage of the Nungua Black Head lambs at birth was maintained to weaning and they also had better survival rates. The adjusted 12-week weaning weights averaged 9·8 and 5·8 kg respectively for the Nungua Black Head and West African Dwarf. What the West African Dwarf lost in individual weight it appeared to make up in numbers so that, when the breeds were compared in terms of kg of lamb weaned per ewe mated, there was no significant difference between them.

Effects of Trypanosoma vivax infection during pregnancy on feed intake, nitrogen retention and liveweight changes in West African Dwarf ewes

1994 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Akinbamijo ◽  
L. Reynolds ◽  
G. Gort
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
West African ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Lamb Growth

SUMMARYThe effects of infection with T. vivax in mid- or late pregnancy on food intake and utilization, liveweight changes, abortion rate and lamb growth rate were investigated in West African Dwarf ewes at lbadan, Nigeria in 1990. Rate of liveweight gain by ewes infected during mid-pregnancy (IMH) was16 g/day compared with 33 and 37 g/day for the uninfected ewes offered medium (CM) or high (CH) plane diets. Although digestibility coefficients were not affected, intake of digestible organic matter was higher in CH ewes than in IMH and CM ewes. Nitrogen retention at mid-pregnancy on a metabolic size basis was higher in CH ewes than in CM and IMH ewes.Lamb birth weight and survival rate were lower in infected ewes. Ewes infected in mid-pregnancy (IMH) and in late pregnancy (ILH) had mean birth weights of 1·4 and 1·0 kg compared with CM and CH ewes, which had mean birth weights of 1·9 and 2·0 kg respectively. Observed survival rates were 63, 15, 75 and 80% for lambs nursed by IMH, ILH, CM and CH ewes respectively. During the first 6 weeks postpartum, lamb growth rate in all groups did not differ. However, during weeks 7–12 postpartum, lambs nursed by IMH ewes had significantly lower growth rates. Weaning weight was also lower in lambs from IMH (5·0 kg) dams than in lambs from CM and CH dams (7·1 kg). Infection during late pregnancy was more severe and all infected ewes lost weight due to reduced feed intake and fever. T. vivax infection in sheep is responsible for reproductive wastage, abortion, poor lamb growth and ewe mortality.

scholarly journals Hematology and serum biochemistry of yearling West African dwarf goats fed cashew nut shell based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ocheja J O ◽  
Halilu A ◽  
Shittu B Ac ◽  
Eniolorunda S E ◽  
Ajagbe A. D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
Design Data ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Yearling West African dwarf bucks were allotted into four (4) dietary treatments of four goats each. The goats were fed bamboo leaves at 250g/goat/day and concentrate supplement diets containing 0%,10%,15%and 20% cashew nutshell for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively at 150g per goat/day for a duration of sixty-three (63) days. The experimental design was a completely randomized design ,data were analyzed using a one way analysis of variance and least significant difference to separate the significant means.(SPSS version 23, 2015 edition) Concentrate diets and bamboo leaf samples were analyzed using the methods of AOAC ( 2000)), on the last day of the experiment blood samples for hematological and serological studies were collected in sample bottles from the jugular veins of the goats ,using needles and syringes. Values for daily supplement intake (62.40 – 98.80 g), and total daily feed intake (249.98- 285.10 g) were significantly(P<0.05) different, daily bamboo intake (182.75 – 187.63g) were not significant. (P>0.05) All the hematological parameters determined were not significantly(P>0.05) different, only the cholesterol (4.80- -9.88Mmol/l) showed significant(P<0.05) difference amongst all the serological parameters tested. It was therefore concluded that cashew nutshell up to 15% level of inclusion in supplement diets for yearling West African dwarf goats had no adverse effects on the hematological and serum biochemical indices of the goats Cashew nut shell at 15% level of inclusion was recommended in supplement diets for yearling West African dwarf goats. Further research using other species of ruminants such as sheep and cattle was also recommended.

scholarly journals Principal component regression of the morphostructural traits of West African dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
A. A. B ello-Ibiyemi ◽  
M, Wheto ◽  
A. S. Adenaike ◽  
J. S. Decampos ◽  
D. O. Ogunlakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Component Solution ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Age Range

Evaluation of body weight and seven morphostructural traits (body length, wither's height, rump height, fore cannon bone length, chest depth, hip width and hearth girth) of 200 West African dwarf (WAD) sheep of age range 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4 was used in determining age and sex effects using General linear model procedure. The sheep were traditionally managed in flocks of southern and north central Nigeria. Interdependence magnitude (redundancy) was estimated to be positive and significant through pearson's correlation estimates between body weight and linear body dimensions (r = 0.04 - 0.81, P<0.01). Among the linear type traits, highest correlation was observed between body weight and hearth girth in males (r = 0.85) and females (r = 0.81) respectively. Multicollinearity contrast at variance inflation factor (VIF) threshold 3.0 was found to be most associated with rump height, hearth girth and body length; with low tolerance modules. Collinearity effects were further orchestrated with computations of eigen values, condition indexes and variance proportions. The component solution through VARIMAX orthogonal rotation generated one principal component for WAD sheep of age range 0-2 years, and two principal components for age range 2-4 years, The principal component based on regression models revealed, body weight was best predicted from heart girth, and combination of rump height and wither's height measurements.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of intensively managed primiparous gravid West African Dwarf goats fed pulverized bio-fibre waste-based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
G. A. Ibhaze
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Cassava Peel

The feed intake and reproductive performance of intensively managed West African dwarf (WAD) gravid does were investigated. Twelve does weighing 11.90-13.05kg were used for the study. The does were fed on pulverized maize-cob based diets; maize-cob/cassava peel (PMC/CSP), maize-cob/brewers' grain (PMC/BG), and maize-cob/cassava peel/brewers' grain (PMC/CsP/BG). The does were allotted to the three dietary treatments such that four individually housed animals, each serving as a replicate and were also fed with concentrate diet at 1% of their body weight. Oestrus was synchronized in the does using 1mL/10kg of Prostaglandin –Fα intramuscularly. Animals were mated with a proven buck. Dams were evaluated in a pregnancy trial while the kids born were evaluated in a pre-weaning growth trial. Dams were weighed at mating and fortnightly until kidding. Variables investigated were; feed intake, dam weight at mating, prior and after parturition, gestation length, weight gained during pregnancy, kid's birth and weaning weights, kid's daily weight gain, sex ratio. Feed intake revealed that does fed PMC/CsP recorded the highest total dry matter intake (TDMI) throughout the three trimesters (727.16, 832.85 and 637.08g/day) when compared to 339.38, 452.18 and 401.03g/day obtained for does fed PMC/BG. Weight gained was significantly (P<0.05) higher in does on PMC/CsP. Mean birth weight, weaning weight and daily weight gain were higher for kids whose dams were fed PMC/CSP/BG. It can therefore be concluded that diets used in this study may serve as alternative feed for gravid goats while goats fed PMC/CsP/BG had better reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of intensively managed primiparous gravid West African Dwarf goats fed pulverized bio-fibre waste-based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
G. A. Ibhaze
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Cassava Peel

The feed intake and reproductive performance of intensively managed West African dwarf (WAD) gravid does were investigated. Twelve does weighing 11.90-13.05kg were used for the study. The does were fed on pulverized maize-cob based diets; maize-cob/cassava peel (PMC/CsP), maize-cob/brewers' grain (PMC/BG), and maize-cob/cassava peel/brewers' grain (PMC/CsP/BG). The does were allotted to the three dietary treatments such that four individually housed animals, each serving as a replicate and were also fed with concentrate diet at 1% of their body weight. Oestrus was synchronized in the does using 1mL/10kg of Prostaglandin –Fα intramuscularly. Animals were mated with a proven buck. Dams were evaluated in a pregnancy trial while the kids born were evaluated in a pre-weaning growth trial. Dams were weighed at mating and fortnightly until kidding. Variables investigated were; feed intake, dam weight at mating, prior and after parturition, gestation length, weight gained during pregnancy, kid's birth and weaning weights, kid's daily weight gain, sex ratio. Feed intake revealed that does fed PMC/CsP recorded the highest total dry matter intake (TDMI) throughout the three trimesters (727.16, 832.85 and 637.08g/day) when compared to 339.38, 52.18 and 401.03g/day obtained for does fed PMC/BG. Weight gained was significantly (P<0.05) higher in does on PMC/CsP. Mean birth weight, weaning weight and daily weight gain were higher for kids whose dams were fed PMC/CsP/BG. It can therefore be concluded that diets used in this study may serve as alternative feed for gravid goats while goats fed PMC/CsP/BG had better reproductive performance.

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