scholarly journals Assessment of the nutritive value of bovine Iiquor and urea treated corn-straw and corn-cobs as feed for the West African Dwarf sheep and goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
F. K. Otukoya ◽  
F. O. Familade ◽  
M. O. Daodu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Corn-straw (CS) and corn-cob (CC) were treated with bovine liquor (BL) to enhance their nutritive values. Eight preparations consisting of CC, CS, CC + BL, CS + BL, CC + urea, CS+ urea, CC+ BL+urea and CS + BL + urea were made to ferment for five days under anaerobic condition. The final products were assessed for their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and feed preference by sheep and goats. Crude protein contents in CC and CS significantly (P <0.05) increased from 3.5% and 2.7% to 8.6% and 3.4% respectively without urea but addition of urea increased the contents to 14.6% and 6.8% respectively. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of the treated CS and CC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Similar trends were observed for gas production characteristics as the potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ and the potential degradability ‘a + b’ of treated straw and cobs were better (P < 0.05) than the untreated. The rate ‘c’ of gas production was slower for the treated than the untreated CC and CS. Both sheep and goats separately preferred the treated CC and CS to the untreated after three days and subsequent days of consumption. Since the bovine liquor showed the tendency of enhancing the nutrient contents of corn-cobs and corn-straw and that small ruminant preferred the treated materials than the untreated, sheep and goats can be sustained during the dry season.

In vitro gas fermentation kinetics of compounded ration containing graded levels of biodegraded corncob

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
O.Y. Adedeji ◽  
A. A. Saka
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Gas Volume

Cob regarded as a waste product, constituting source of environmental pollution could be utilized as an energy source in feed formulation if properly processed and harnessed through fungal degradation. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value of biodegraded corncob meal based diet using in vitro gas production technique. Aspergillus niger was isolated and sub-cultured to obtain a pure culture. Degraded corn cob meals(DCCM) of four dietary treatments were prepared to include: T (0% DCCM which served as 1 the control), T (15% DCCM), T (30% DCCM) and T (45% DCCM). Each diet sample 2 3 4 (200mg) was incubated in buffered rumen liquor for 48 hours and gas volume was estimated using established in vitro gas production models. Amount of gas volume produced was determined every 3 hours for 48 hours of incubation in buffered rumen fluid. After 48 hours ofincubation, methane gas produced was estimated and determined in triplicates. The proximate composition of Aspergillus niger biodegraded corn cob indicated that Aspergillus niger improved the nutritive value of the corn cob. Untreated corn cob meal was lower in nutritive values when compared with treated corncob meal with crude protein, crude fibre and ash values ranging from 6.88 to 9.78%, 32.68 to 26.37% and 2.87 to 2.88% respectively.The proximate composition of the dietary treatments showed that the crude protein varied from (11.67-12.67%), crude fibre (10.94-21.56%), ether extract (2.12-4.88%), ash (6.48- 9.44%) and nitrogen free extract (58.17-62.99%). Results obtained for volume of gas (35.960-72.770mL/200mgDM) produced in time “t” denoted by (b) were significantly different (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. However, rate of gas production (0.0297- 0.0425mL/hr) and time between incubation and gas production (2.083-2.683hr) were not significantly different (P>0.05) across the dietary treatments. Cumulative gas volumeproduction at 24 hours were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by different inclusion levels of DCCM with values obtained ranging from T (15.33 ml/gDM) to T (35.33 ml/gDM). There 4 3 were significant differences (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. The post estimated parameters ranging from metabolisable energy (4.96-7.74MJ/Kg DM), organic matter digestibility (37.98-58.03%), short chain fatty acids (0.31-0.78μmol), Methane estimate (3-8  ml/200mgDM) and Carbon dioxide estimate (10-30 ml/200mgDM). It can be concluded that 30% DCCM based diet had the potential of meeting the nutritional needs as smallruminant livestock feeds, if properly biodegraded and incorporated into feeds.

scholarly journals Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Mónica Gandarillas ◽  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Elisa María Gapp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. M. L. Moura ◽  
P. D. R. Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

scholarly journals Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42569
Author(s):  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Percivaldo Xavier Resende ◽  
Clístenes Amorim Benicio ◽  
Jackson De Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p < 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.  

In vitro gas production of foliage and fruits of forage trees with and without added PEG

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 137-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pinto Ruiz ◽  
CA Sandoval Castro ◽  
L. Ramírez Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In Chiapas, México, natural vegetation is often used for grazing cattle. Local knowledge identify several plants and fruits as been consumed by cattle, But few information is available on their nutritive value. The objective of the present work was to assess the potential nutritive value and biological activity of tannins in 14 materials by means of the in vitro gas production technique.

scholarly journals Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Olfaz ◽  
Unal Kilic ◽  
Mustafa Boga ◽  
Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

In vitrogas production, digestibility and estimated energy value of grass/fodder tree silages

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
J. V. Cardenas Medina ◽  
C. A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
F. J. Solorio Sanchéz
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
The Tropics

Use of grass/forage tree silages have prove to be a viable alternative for animal production in the tropics (Solet al., 2002a,b). It is also an adequate strategy to cope with seasonal fluctuation of biomass availability (both grass and forage tree). However, limited data is available on the nutritive value (e.g. digestibility, energy content) of this mixtures. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluation the in vitro gas production, apparent digestibility and energy content of silages containing grass and forage trees.

Nutritive evaluation of heat-treated cottonseed with in vitro gas production

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
A. R. Foroughi ◽  
A. A. Naserian ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A. Mirhady
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biological methods are more meaningful since microorganisms and enzymes are more sensitive to factors influencing the rate and extent of digestion than are chemical methods (Getachew and et al,1997).Gas measurements provides a useful data on digestion kinetics of both soluble and insoluble fractions of feedstuffs. The objective of this experiment was to determine nutritive value evaluation of heat-treated cottonseed with in vitro gas production.

In vitro gas production of pomegranate peel treated with urea, with and without PVP

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
R. Feizi ◽  
A. Ghodratnama ◽  
M. Zahedifar ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
M. Raisianzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

Pomegranate by-products (peel and seed) contain about 40-45 percent of the fruit’s weight. The rind of the fruit (peel),when dried, is brown outside, yellow inside, hard, dry, brittle, in irregular fragments, inodorous, and with a very astringent, somewhat bitter taste. Analysis of pomegranate peel (PP) is shown that it contains 18.8 percent of tannin, 17.1 of mucilage, 10.8 of extractive matter, 30 of lignin, a trace of resin, and 29.9 of moisture. However, little information is available on PP nutritive value for ruminants. It is poor in protein and rich in tannins. Tannins components of the peel prevents its optimal use. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of urea (U) on in vitro gas production with and without added polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVP) to ensiled pomegranate peel (EPP).

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