scholarly journals Potentials of Bio Fermented Rice Husk Meal as a Replacement to Brewer’s Dried Grain in Finisher Broiler’s Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
J. N. Ikpe ◽  
E. C. Oko ◽  
I. C. Vining-Ogu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
The Cost

Generation of rice husk waste is currently increasing in Nigeria leading to piles of heaps of the rice husk around the rice mills. Production cost for broilers has risen tremendously due to high cost of feed ingredients one of which is Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG). Rice husk has been identified as a feed stuff but it contains high fibre and is abrasive which hindered its utilization as feed ingredient in broiler production. This research was then, conducted to determine the effect of replacing BDG with bio fermented rice husk in finisher broiler’s diet. Four treatment diets were formulated. T1 (control) contained 15% BDG while in T2, T3 and T4 bio fermented rice husk meal replaced BDG at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% respectively. The diets were assigned to 120 broilers of 28 days old in a complete randomized design of 10 broilers each replicated 3 times. The performance of the broilers was observed for 28 days. The broilers were slaughtered to obtain the carcass and organ characteristics. The daily weight gain was similar (P > 0.05) among the groups while feed intake was highest for T4 group and no mortality was recorded. The percentage live weight of all the carcass and organ characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups except the breast muscle which reduced for broilers on the test ingredient. The cost of producing the treatment diets was highest for control diet while cost of feeding broilers to a kilogram weight was least for the control group. The research concluded that though the fermented rice husk had a potential to substitute BDG in the diet of finisher broilers, there was an indication of high production cost.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Offal Meal Improved by Rumen Filtrate Fermentation on the Performance and Economics of Producing Table Rabbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Albert Terlumun Kpehe ◽  
Comfort Dooshima Tuleun ◽  
Fabian Gyizaka Kaankuka ◽  
Samuel Mtsegh Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
The Cost

In an effort to expand the knowledge base on the use of non conventional feedstuff in rabbit nutrition, the nutritional potential and the cost effectiveness of using rice offal fermented with rumen filtrate for 48 hours was investigated using twenty five (25) growing crossbred rabbit bucks weighed between 625.34 g-631.21 g for 10 weeks. The rabbits were divided into five (5) treatment groups of five (5) rabbits each with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The control group was fed with a diet containing maize as the main energy source while the remaining four groups were fed with diets in which the maize was replaced with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% Rumen filtrate fermented-rice offal meals respectively. Final weight was similar (P>0.05) in rabbits fed maize-based control diet and those fed diet containing 5% to 20% Rumen Filtrate Fermented Rice Offal Meals (FRO). The experimental diets had significant (P<0.05) effect on the daily feed intake, and daily body weight gain with rabbits on 20% having superior weights of 93.88 g and 20.54 g respectively, and a better feed conversion ratio of 4.57 g. The cost of feed per kg of weight gain was lowered progressively from N446/kg for the control diet to N307/kg for the 20% FRO diet, where the lowest feed cost was observed, with a concomitant improvement in overall production profitability. It was concluded that fermenting rice offal with rumen filtrate had high potential as a possible replacement for maize in rabbit diet at inclusion levels of up to 20%. The use of this agricultural by-product can reduce the cost of rabbit production, increase the availability of cheaper animal protein for the populace, generate higher profit margins for the livestock farmer and reduce environmental pollution. It was therefore recommended that feed manufacturers and rabbit farmers can incorporate up to 20% of bovine rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal meal in the diets of rabbits without compromising performance.

scholarly journals Performance of broiler chickens fed graded dietary levels of toasted jackfruit seed meal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
A. S. Eburuaja ◽  
R. S. Onabanjo ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
U. S. Ukenye
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Effect of toasted jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed meal (TJSM) on performance of 120 2 weeks old broiler chickens was investigated. The birds were divided into four dietary treatments having 3 replicates and 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet one (T) was soybean based while toasted JFSM meal was added to diets 2 (T), 3 (T) 1 2 3 and 4 (T) at 5, 10 and 15% levels of inclusion, respectively. Growth performance was 4 generally depressed with increased inclusion of toasted JFSM in the diets. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed T and T were the same and significantly better (P>0.05) than those of the 1 2 remaining treatment groups. Birds fed T had significantly higher values of live weight, 1 dressed weight and dressing percentage followed by birds fed T. The prime cut parts were 2 similar in all the treatment groups. Organ proportions showed no significant differences across the treatment groups except the spleen. Cost per kg feed decreased with increased inclusion of TJSM. The cost of feed consumed was higher (P>0.05) in T (531.29) but 1 decreased with increased inclusion of TJSM. The cost per kg weight gain, cost of production and revenue were similar across the treatment groups with birds fed T significantly higher 1 (P>0.05) than the remaining treatment groups. The gross margin obtained for birds fed T 1 and T are comparable and higher than other treatment groups. From the foregoing TJFSM is 2 a potential feed resource and could be included in the diet of broiler chickens up to 5% inclusion level.

scholarly journals Effect of feed grade acidifiers on total tract mineral retention, intestinal pH and phytate utilization by broiler finisher chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
C. U. Idachaba ◽  
I. Abdullahi ◽  
D. A. Kurtong
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mineral Utilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Mineral chelators such as organic acids have been reported to compete favourably with phytate by forming soluble complexes with feed minerals. Effect of feed grade acidifiers on total tract mineral retention and intestinal pH of broiler finisher chickens was investigated. A total of 300-broiler finisher chickens were assigned to four treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated thrice with twenty chickens per replicate in a completely randomized design. The control treatment (T1 ) was fed the control diet adequate in available phosphorus at 0.5% while other treatments (T2 -T4 ) were fed sub-optimal available phosphorus diets at 0.4%. Three blends of acidifiers; Fysal®, Orgacid® and Acidomix® were supplemented in the diets of chickens in treatments 2, 3 and 4 at 0.1% (1kg per ton/feed). Chickens fed diet supplemented  with Fysal® showed the best (P<0.05) results in total tract mineral retention 56.5+/-5.75 compared to the control and other treatments. The poor mineral retention i.e. 35 and 46% for calcium and phosphorus respectively by chickens fed the control diet was attributed to the insoluble phytate-mineral complex that limits mineral bioavailability. Intestinal segments of chickens fed acidified diets showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in pH in the range of 5.26-7.16 across duodenum to ileum compared to the control group 6.83-8.76. It is concluded that feed acidification at 0.1% improves mineral utilization in broiler chickens as it competes favourably with phytate in the lumen of the gut leading to better nutrient utilization.

scholarly journals Effect of replacement of rice offal with graded levels of melon (Citrullus Vulgaris) seed offal on performance of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S. Attah ◽  
D. D. Ortserga ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Cost

The feeding value of melon (Citrulus vulgaris) seed offal (MSO) was determined in a 12-week feeding trial using 25 six weeks old male rabbits with an average initial weight of 485g. The animals were fed diets containing 0,7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% MSO in a completely randomized design (CRD). Digestibility trial and economic benefits of using the test material were carried out. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between means were also determine. Results obtained showed no significant (P>0.05) treatment effects on daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The cost of feeding diets 1 and 2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher (A$152.34 and N157.20) than for diets 4 and 5 (AL143.53 and N135.56). The cost generally decreased from N152.34- N135.56 with increase in the level of MSO in the diets. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by increase in the levels of MSO in the diets. DM and CP digestibilities were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 15 and 30% MSO levels when compared with the control and other MSO levels. MSO inclusion in the diets significantly (P<0.05) improved EE digestibility above that of control diet but EE digestibility did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) among diets containing MSO. Crude fibre (CF) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibilities were similar (P>0.05) for all the diets. It can be concluded that MSO could be used up to 100% replacement for RO in rabbit diets.   

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with composite cassava meal (CCM) on growth and economics performance of rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
A. Abacky ◽  
S. M. Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
The Cost

A 91 day feeding trial was conducted using twenty (20) weaned heterogeneous breed rabbits of both sexes with initial weight of 225g–500g to evaluate the replacement value of maize for composite cassava meal (CCM) in diet. Five experimental diets were formulated such that the control diet represented as treatment 1(T1) contained 100% maize as the major energy source in the diet. CCM replaced 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize in the other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively). The rabbits were divided into five treatments of four rabbits each and randomly assigned to the five diets in a completely randomized design with each rabbit serving as replicate. Data collected included weight gain and feed intake, while feed conversion ratio and economics of production were computed. The result revealed that the crude protein (17.78-16.26%) and ether extract (6.79-5.93) content of the diet decreases as level of CCM increased in the diets while crude fibre (12.67-13.88%) content increased with increased level of CCM in the diet. The nutrient compositions of the experimental diets were within acceptable ranges for growing rabbits. The final weight and the total weight gain were not affected by treatment but feed intake significantly increased as the level of replacement increased indicating enhanced acceptability due to CCM in diet. Daily weight gain was also enhanced as the level of replacement of CCM for maize increased. The cost of feed per kg was reduced but the total cost of feeding was increased as the level of replacement increased. The cost of production was minimized and profit was maximized at 100%, when 100% of the maize was replaced by CCM. CCM has no harmful effect on performance of rabbits and the replacement of maize with CCM in diet has reduce the cost of feed per kilogram and maximize profit at 100% level of replacement. Farmers can include composite cassava meal in diet of rabbits to replace 100% of maize as major source of energy in diet.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER FINISHER RATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S.A.O. DADA ◽  
L. A. ATANDA ◽  
B. E. ALABI
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Ninety finisher broiler birds averaging 586.06g and 28-days old were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments in which multipurpose tree (MPT) - Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) replaced soybean meal (SBM) at levels of 0.00, 5.25 and 10.50% for a period of 42 days using performance characteristics and economy of production as assessment criteria Birds fed the 0% LLM (diet Aland 10.50% LLM (diet C) consumed more (P .05) feed than the birds fed 5.25% LLM (diet B). Average daily weight gain (ADG) of birds fed diet A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than ADG of birds fed diet C and birds fed diet B recorded the least (P<0.05) ADG. However, the efficiency of feed utilization were similar (P>0.05) among birds fed the three diets. The cost of feed intake per live weight gained of birds fed 5.25%. LLM inclusion was higher than the value obtained for birds fed the control diet by 1.65% but birds fed 10.5% LLM inclusion recorded a 4.56% reduction value over birds fed (control) diet A. 

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Leaves on Performance, Meat Characteristics, Oxidative Stability, and Fatty Acid Profile in Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Mohamed A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) have gained great interest as a non-traditional feed ingredient due to their unique nutritional value. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of graded dietary supplementation levels with MOL on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical constituents, meat quality, and fatty acids profile of growing rabbits. A total of 120 weaned New Zealand white rabbits (6 weeks old) were randomly allotted into 4 dietary groups with 5 replicates each (n = 6), which were fed for 42 days with a basal diet as control or 3 experimental diets supplemented with 5, 10, or 15 g/kg MOL. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the dietary inclusion of MOL at a level of 10 and 15 g/kg DM linearly increased (p < 0.01) final live weight (2403.3 and 2498.2 vs. 2166.6) and average daily weight gain (36.5 and 35.51 g/d vs. 28.72 g/d), and enhanced feed conversion ratio (2.49 and 2.50 vs. 3.14). The dietary supplementation with MOL linearly increased dressing out percentage, spleen index, intestinal length, and decreased abdominal fat index (p < 0.01). Greater serum levels of total protein and globulin, but lower alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in the MOL-fed rabbits (p < 0.01). Serum levels of total triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) were decreased linearly and quadratically in the MOL groups compared with the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p < 0.01), whereas malondialdehyde decreased (p < 0.01) linearly and quadratically in both serum and meat, in response to dietary MOL supplementation. Dietary MOL supplementation increased the meat crude protein content but lowered the relative content of ether extract in the meat (p < 0.05). The relative content of the meat n-3 PUFA was increased by about 33.71%, 29.46%, and 24.36% for the MOL0.5%, MOL1%, and MOL1.5% groups compared to control. In conclusion, MOL could be used at a level of 1.5g/kg of the growing rabbits’ diets with beneficial impacts on performance, antioxidant capacity, and the nutritional value of the meat.

scholarly journals Performance of sheep fed forage cactus with total water restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Violeta CORDOVA-TORRES ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes de MEDEIROS ◽  
José Teodorico ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
Alenice Ozino RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Dunnett's Test ◽  
Nopalea Cochenillifera

SUMMARY A lack of water in livestock production can limit the performance of the animals; therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water restriction on the growth performance of sheep that were fed forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). Forty-two male sheep were used, with an average age and weight of ±100 days and 18.75 ± (2,05) kg , respectively, and they were fed diets containing concentrate, mineral mixture and three levels of substitution (30, 50 and 70%) of Tifton hay with forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). The animals were slaughtered when they reached 32 kg (± 1 kg) of body weight or 90 days. The experimental design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement, forage cactus (30, 50, 70%) x water (with or without water) plus a control group (n=6). Variables were analyzed using Tukey and Dunnett's test at 5% with PROC GLM in SAS software. Voluntary water intake and dry matter intake (DMI) decreased with the inclusion of forage cactus; however, preformed water intake and total water intake increased with the inclusion of forage cactus. Water restriction and its interaction with the treatments had no effect on animal performance. Daily weight gain was higher for the diets with 30 and 50%forage cactus inclusion, at 174 and 155 g, respectively, compared with 90 g for the control diet. Cactus, therefore, can be used as a food supplement and water resource.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

West African dwarf goats utilized bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as feed supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
A. O. Olosunde ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This studywas carried out to determine the utilization and the optimumlevel of offer of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (BLM) by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. In a 20-week trial, twenty four WAD goats of both sexes, 5-7 months old, were randomly allotted to four treatments of graded levels of BLM(0% BLM(Control diet), 15% BLM, 30% BLMand 45% BLMdiets) in a completely randomized design to determine the utilization of bitter leafmeal as feed for goats. The dietswere used as supplements to a basal ration of Panicummaximum. Two digestibility trials were carried out. The digestible ether extract intake and digestible organic matter of goats on 0% BLM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the values obtained for goats on bitter leaf meal diets. The average daily weight gain (g/day) for goats on 0% BML was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of others. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the percentage mortality of the goats fed experimental diets. The percentagemortality of goats on 30% and 45%BLMwere significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of others. It is concluded that bitter leafmeal can be included in the diets of (WAD) goats up to15%without any deleterious effect.

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