scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility and carcass characteristics of goats fed melon Husk (Colocynthis citrillus) and palm oil slurry (Elaeis guineensis) at 50% inclusion level

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
N. Okwelum ◽  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Diets containing melon husk (MH) and palm oil slurry (POS) were fed as alternative feed stuffs to sixteen West African Dwarf (WAD) goats whose weight ranged between 9-10kg The WAD goats were assigned to 4 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each, and fed diets containing 0% MH 0% POS(Control diet, Diet 1), 50% MH 0% POS (Diet 2), 0% MH 50% POS (Diet 3), and 50% MH 50% POS (Diet 4), respectively for 8 weeks as finishing diets, Parameters such as nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance were measured. Results showed average daily weight gains of 27.83, 26.33 and 22.83g/day by goats on diets 1, 4 and 2 respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.05) and corresponded with dry matter intake of 358.59, 359.39 and 357.29g/day, respectively. Although, animals fed Diet 3 had Dry matter intake of 359.39g/day, they had poor average daily weight gain of 17.17g/day and significantly (P<0.05) poor feed conversion ratio of 16.90, dressing percentage of 51.62% and live weight of 10.67kg. Goats on diets 1, 2 and 4 had dressing percentages of 55.43, 54.01 and 54.66% and corresponding live weights of 11.17, 10.83 and 10.93kg, respectively Goats on diet 4 significantly (p<0.05) greater offal weights than goats on other diets. It was evident that all the Diets had positive effect on growth performance except 50% POS. However, all the diets gave good dressing percentage and offal weights were equally influenced by diets.

scholarly journals Dry matter intake observed and predicted by the nutritional systems NRC and BR-Corte for feedlot nelore heifers fed with human feed products

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Carina Ubirajara de Faria ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Aline Maria Soares Ferreira ◽  
Jean Marcos Castro Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Body

We aimed to evaluate the effects of using a concentrated ration containing industrialised human food on the productive parameters of Nellore heifers in confinement, in addition to comparing the dry matter intake (DMI) observed with that predicted by the nutritional systems BR-Corte and NRC, in order to determine which system makes the most accurate predictions for heifers of the breed Nelore in feedlots. Twenty-four Nelore heifers, with an average age of 24 months and average body weight (BW) of 350 kg, were used over the 70 days of the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two treatments and housed in partially covered stalls equipped with an automatic Growsafe® Systems feeding system. Animals in the control group (CONT) received a concentrated ration containing ground corn, soybean meal, urea, and mineral nucleus. In the residual treatment (RES) group, heifers received concentrated feed containing products from the human diet. The difference between the treatments was the concentrated ration; in the control treatment, the energy source used was maize, whereas in the residue treatment, the energy sources were corn chips, coconut candies, and ground coffee. Corn silage was included as forage for both treatments. The forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio was 84:16. The predicted intake was estimated according to the nutritional systems NRC (2000, 2016) and BR-Corte (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2010, 2016). The average DMI observed of the heifers was 7.46 kg day-1. Heifers fed with human feed residue had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) and higher ether extract intake (EEI) than animals fed with the control feed. In addition, heifers that received human feed products showed a lower average daily weight gain (DWG) of 1.08 kg day-1 than animals fed the control treatment with an average DWG of 1.24 kg day-1. The predicted dry matter intake by NRC 2000 was an overestimate by 9.78 % and by BR-Corte 2010 was an overestimate by 5.5 %. The NRC 2016 and BR-Corte 2016 underestimated the intake of heifers by 18.9 % and 7.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that growing Nelore heifers fed with human feed products, with a F:C ratio of 84:16, present a higher DMI and lower growth performance and feed efficiency than heifers fed the control diet. The DMI predicting models for Nellore heifers proposed by BR-Corte are more adequate than the NRC models.

scholarly journals Feeding Response of Tree Fodder Bhimal (Grewia optiva) on Growth Performance of Castrated Male Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luma Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Megh Raj Tiwari ◽  
Bishnu Bahadur KC ◽  
Niraj Baskota ◽  
Jagan Nath Banjade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Mixture Treatment ◽  
Grewia Optiva ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Bhimal (Grewia optiva) is a fodder tree mostly found in mid hills of mid and far western region of Nepal. Bhimal could constitutes one of the main livestock green fodders, especially for goats when fresh green fodder become limited during the winter dry season. However, the feeding value of Bhimal leaves on growth performance of castrated goats probably has not been evaluated so far. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bhimal leaves feeding on growth performance of castrated male goats for 90 days. Altogether 16 growing castrated male goats of same breed, age and body weight were selected and equally divided into four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 with four replications by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four types of experimental diets were prepared having various levels (0 to 100%) of Bhimal leaves as fodder. Experimental animals of Treatment 1 were fed with seasonal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, Treatment 2 with 100% Bhimal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, Treatment 3with 75% Bhimal fodder + 25% seasonal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, while Treatment 4 with 50% Bhimal fodder + 50% season fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture. All diets were fed ad-lib and experimental animals had free access to drinking water. The diets offered and refusal was measured daily and weight change was observed fortnightly. The result showed that fodder intake (g/d/animal) and total dry matter intake (TDMI g/kg live weight) of goats differed significantly (P<0.01), but concentrate intake was not differed significantly (P<0.01) among treatments. The highest dry matter intake per animal /day was in Treatment 2 (52.75 g/kg live weight) followed by Treatment 4, Treatment 3 and Treatment 1 (51.7, 48.56 and 32.69 g/kg live weight, respectively).The average daily gain in body weight was observed highest in Treatment 2 (66.66 g/d) followed by Treatment 3 (31.66 g/d) and Treatment 4 (30.83 g). The growth rate was significantly (P<0.01) different among diet groups (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01 for 60, 75 and 90 days, respectively). In case of the feed conversion ratio, Treatment 2 had best ratio (8.79:1) than Treatment 1 (14.21:1), T3 (17.03:1) and Treatment 4 (18.59:1). The present response study showed that body weight in castrated male goats can be increased significantly (P<0.05) implying that in winter season when other green forages are poorly available goat farming  can be supported by Bhimal fodder tree.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 1-11

Report on a further experiment to compare the fattening values, for beef cattle, of silage made from grass cut at different stages of growth, together with the results of some supplementary experiments

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth ◽  
W. H. McK. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Behaviour Study

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on grades I, II and III silages and on swedes, straw and oats respectively.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded, together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. All three grades of silage produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than swedes plus straw and oats. There was no significant difference between the fattening values of the three grades of silage.5. The dressing percentages found for 100 silagefed and 71 swede-fed cattle are given. The swedefed cattle yielded a greater average dressing percentage.6. It is suggested that the higher dressing percentage found for root-fed cattle as compared with silage-fed cattle can be attributed to the more rapid elimination of dietary water from the body in rootfed cattle.7. An animal behaviour study is described, the time spent by cattle on the four diets, eating, cudding and lying down, being determined.8. Cattle fed on grass silage spent longer on feeding plus cudding than swede-fed cattle.9. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on the dry-matter intake of ruminants.10. The results indicate that when ruminants are subsisting on a diet consisting solely of succulents, the dry-matter intake is depressed when the dry-matter percentage of the diet falls.

scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility of goats fed melon husk and palm oil slurry at 30% inclusion level

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
S. S. Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 126-day study was conducted to determine growth, nutrient intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed melon husk (MH) and palm oil slurry (POS) as replacement for maize offal at 30% in concentrate diets. Sixteen goats weighing 6.5 – 7.Okg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments at 4 replicates of each. Dietary treatments included control (Diet 1): 0% MH 0% POS; Diet 2: 30% MH 0% POS; Diet 3: 0% MH 30% POS; and Diet 4: 30% MH 30% POS; supplemented with Panicum maximum (grass). Data collected were statistically analysed and results showed that animals on control Diet (Diet I) had the highest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 31.57g/day, and a corresponding highest (P<0.05) feed intake of 365. 97g/day and best feed conversion ratio of 11.59. Animals fed Diet 3 had lowest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 19.42g/day, with corresponding lowest (P<0.05) dy matter intake of 334.94g/day and poor feed conversion ratio of 17.24, respectively. Variations in dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre (CF) intake were significant (P<0.05). Crude protein (CP) intake decreased progressively from diet 1 to 4, but not significantly (P >0.05). CF intake was highest in diet 4 (124.6g) and lowest in diet 1(64.72g). Ether extract (52.80g), Ash (21.48g), Neutral detergent fibre (222.88g), and lignin (60.64g) were highest in diet 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest in animals on diet 2 (86.31%) and lowest in those on diet 4 (72.28%). It was evident that goats could be fed MH and POS at the inclusion levels adopted in this study except at 30% POS inclusion level at which growth was poorest.  

Effects of pig genotype, immunological castration, and use of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality for entire male pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-106
Author(s):  
J. Park ◽  
C.P. Campbell ◽  
E.J. Squires ◽  
C.F.M. de Lange ◽  
I.B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

Entire male (EM) pigs (152; ∼30 kg body weight) were used to examine immunocastration using Improvest and feeding ractopamine on growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition. Timing for administering second dose of Improvest compared dosing at 4 and 8 wk pre-slaughter. A factorial arrangement evaluated two genotypes [Large Whites and Duroc crossbreds (Durocs)] by five management regimens (EM fed control diet, EM fed ractopamine, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 8 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter plus ractopamine). Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) were generally greater (P ≤ 0.01) in Durocs. Immunocastration increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI); feeding ractopamine decreased (P < 0.02) DMI and increased (P < 0.03) G:F. Immunocastration decreased (P < 0.04) carcass and lean yields; feeding ractopamine increased (P < 0.04) carcass weights, lean yield, muscling, and longissimus shear force while decreasing (P < 0.01) backfats. Immunocastration did not affect loin pH, color, drip loss, and shear force. Timing for second Improvest dose did not affect most growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits except for greater (P < 0.02) backfats when administering dose 8 wk pre-slaughter. Effects of immunocastration and (or) feeding ractopamine were relatively consistent in both genotypes evaluated.

Evaluation of multi-nutrient block supplementation on nutrient intake and growth performance of Yankasa rams fed based diet of cowpea shell and maize offal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
J. Yerima ◽  
M. Abubakar ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla ◽  
A. Mijinyawa ◽  
A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Cost

The effects of supplementing different urea molasses blocks to Yankasa Rams fed maize offal-based diet on nutrient intake, growth performance and economics of production were evaluated. Yankasa rams fed cowpea shell and maize offal-based diets mixed in a ratio of 1:3 supplemented with urea molasses block (UMB). The supplementary blocks were formulated to contain 0, 5, 10 and 15% urea. Twenty Yankasa rams were used for the experiment with initial body weights range of 16-20kg and randomly allocated to four treatment groups of five animals each in completely randomized designed. Data on feed and water intake, body weight change were measured. Rams were fed both the basal diet and supplements ad libitum. The result revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference in basal feed (579.38-595.18g/day), UMB (60.78-96.50g/day) and dry matter intakes (584.36-609.33 g/day) among the treatments. Rams on treatment 3 recorded the highest average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (101.43 g/day, 5.93) than those on treatment 2 (48.57 g/day, 12.37) with the least. The cost of UMB/kg was least in treatment 3 (N 46.66) compared to those on treatment 1(N 83.66), 2(N 113.05) and 4(N 50.39). Supplementation of urea molasses block improved growth performance and FCR. Urea up to 15% may be included in urea molasses blocks without any detrimental effects on performance. However, including urea at 10% in UMB gave the highest ADG and FCR and therefore may be recommended for growing Yankasa rams

scholarly journals Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola ◽  
Asko Rantanen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Soyabean Meal

A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of High Ambient Temperature and Bypass Protein Supplementation on Performance of Crossbred Lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin ◽  
C.J. Thwaites ◽  
J.V. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary supplementation with a source ofbypass protein (cottonseed meal, CSM) on the performance of growing crossbred wethers fed lowdigestibility roughage at high ambient temperature. Sixteen unshorn Border Leicester x Merino lambsaged 6 months and weighing 24.90.37 kg were allocated into a 2x2 factorial design (2 diets and 2ambient temperatures). Each group was fed either wheaten chaff + 2% urea ad libitum or wheaten chaff +1% urea ad libitum + 100g/d cottonseed meal. The results show that respiration rate and rectal temperaturewere significantly affected by ambient temperature (P<0.01), but not by diet. Total dry matter intake wassignificantly higher (P<0.01) at lower temperature than at high temperature, and significantly higher(P=0.04) on the supplemented diet than on the control diet. Water intake tended (P=0.06) to be higher onthe CSM+ diet than on the control diet, and was significantly at greater (P<0.01) high ambient temperaturethan at low temperature. The concentration of NH3-N in the rumen fluid (ranged from 310±17 to 413±20mg N/L) did not differ significantly either between diets or ambient temperatures. Blood plasma ureanitrogen concentration was significantly higher in sheep on the control diet than in those on thesupplemented diet, and at low than high temperature. The organic matter digestibility was not significantlyaffected by temperature and diet. The rate of live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) reduced by highambient temperature and the interaction between diet and temperature was significant (P<0.01). At lowtemperature, lambs on the supplemented diet grew significantly faster than those on the control diet, butnot at high temperature. In conclusion, high ambient temperature increases respiration rate, rectaltemperature and water intake but reduces dry matter intake and live weight gain. Supplementation with100 g/d of cottonseed meal could not outweigh the depressing effects of constant high ambienttemperature and humidity imposed in this experiment.

scholarly journals Replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the feed of finishing lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Belan ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
Marta Juliane Gasparini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Error Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing oat hay with coffee husk for the feeding of confined lambs. In this study, 24 male Texel lambs of approximately 60 days of age and with a mean ± standard error weight of 21.95 ± 5.81 kg were examined. Their diet was composed of 30% oat hay and 70% concentrated feed per kilogram of dry matter. The experimental design was randomized and included four treatments (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% of coffee husk in the total dry matter), with six replicates of each treatment. The animals were slaughtered when they reached a mean live weight of 32 kg. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and mean daily weight gain (which were 197 g day-1) among treatments. The mean daily weight gain (DWG) was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the replacement of oat hay with coffee husk in the diet, with the overall mean DWG being 215.05 g day-1. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in any of the studied carcass variables, and the mean true carcass yield was 53.9%. The lambs presented a mean finishing score of 2.96 (on a scale of 1 to 5) and a conformation of 4.21 (on a scale of 1 to 6), characterizing them as good carcasses. In terms of economic viability, the 7.5% diet stood out as the one that had the highest profitability, generating a profit of $ 3.25 USD per kg of carcass produced. Coffee husk can therefore replace oat hay in the feed of finishing lambs in concentrations of 0.075 to 0.225 kg kg-¹ of total dry matter with biological and economical efficacy and generating good commercial carcasses.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation plan on intake, digestibility, eating behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of grazing beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3233
Author(s):  
Nelcino Francisco De Paula ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Victor Rezende Moreira Couto ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Ivan França Smith Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
And Control

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different supplementation plans on the nutrient intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, grazing behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle under grazing conditions from ages 4 to 18 months old. The beef calves grazed Brachiaria decumbens in four seasons: rainy-dry transition, dry, dry-rainy transition, and rainy. Forty-four animals (11 per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of four nutritional plans of supplementation defined by the quantity of supplement offered: control, low, medium, and high supplementation. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in dry matter intake (DMI). However, animals receiving medium and high supplementation had decreased (P < 0.10) forage dry matter intake (FDMI) compared with those under non- and low supplementation. The DMI and FDMI were lower (P < 0.10) in the dry season. During the rainy season, the grazing time decreased (P < 0.10) for animals receiving supplementation compared with non-supplemented ones, but was similar between medium and high supplementation. The performance and carcass characteristics were greater (P < 0.10) for high and medium supplementation compared with low and control. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation plans for beef cattle in tropical pastures increases the nutrient intake but decreases FDMI. The performance also increases with the supplementation plan; however, the growth rate is affected by the grazing season.

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