scholarly journals Energy partitioning of pregnant and lactating rabbit fed combination of concentrate and stylosanthes hamata hay

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
D. T. Tsavkar ◽  
M. Y. Latu ◽  
D. T. Tsavkar ◽  
A. K. Olutunmogun ◽  
P. P. Barje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study was carried out to examine energy partitioning of pregnant and lactating rabbit offered levels of concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay to ascertain whether it meets their high reproductive and nutritional requirement. Forty-eight nulliparous crossbred does (New Zealand White x California and California x Chinchilla breeds) of eight months old were allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. During gestation, 150 g/doe/day concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations (30:120g, 60:90g, 90:60g and 120:30g) was offered while 350 g/doe/day concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations (70:280g, 140:210g, 210:140g and 280:70g) was offered during lactation. Estimations of digestible energy during pregnancy and lactation were carried out and reference data were used to calculate forDE DE DE DE BalanceDE and DE /LW0.75. req, m, fg, macc, req Results obtained showed non-significant (P>0.05) difference among 90:60 and 120:30% concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations in terms of DM DE DE DE intake, intake, req, fg, DE BalanceDE and DE /LW0.75, but were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 30:120 and macc, req 60:90% concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations. Rabbit in the 4th week of pregnancy had significantly (P<0.05) higher DE DE DE DE BalanceDE and intake, req, fg, macc, DE /LW0.75 than does in the 2nd week of pregnancy. During lactation, all parameters showed req non-significant (P>0.05) difference. Therefore, the diet combinations were sufficient to provide adequate digestible energy for the physiological needs of does during pregnancy and lactation.

FEEDING HIGH LEVELS OF RAPESEED MEAL TO PREGNANT GILTS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DEVILAT ◽  
A. SKOKNIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Eleven crossbred gilts were allotted at random to two dietary treatments containing either 0% or 12% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (RSM) of Chilean origin as the main source of supplemental protein in the diet. The RSM, of Brassica napus type, contained 4.1 mg isothiocyanates per g meal. The experiment, which covered the periods of pregnancy and lactation, was started immediately after mating and terminated 3 weeks after birth. Results indicated that gilts fed 12% RSM during pregnancy gained significantly less with the same feed allowance (2 kg per day) than the fish meal (FM) group. Total litter size and weight at birth were similar for both treatments. However, only 49% of the piglets were born alive from the gilts fed the 12% RSM diet; thyroid glands of live and stillborn piglets were markedly enlarged and symptoms of iodine deficiency were clearly manifested. Most pigs died within 72 hours after birth and four of the seven gilts lost their whole litter during this period. Of total pigs born to RSM-fed gilts only 13.4% survived to 3 weeks, although these individual pigs attained weaning weights similar to those of FM-fed gilts. It is concluded that RSM of the type fed when used as the main source of supplemental protein for gilts may result in a severe iodine deficiency syndrome in litters when non-iodized sodium chloride is used in the diet.

Effect of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides on some blood biochemical, haematological parameters and carcass traits in purebred New Zealand White and crossbred rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Mahmoud H. Farahat
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

This study examined the effect of dietary treatments containing mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on some blood biochemical, haematological parameters and carcass traits of 60 weaned purebred New Zealand White (NZW) and New Zealand White × Rex (NZW × RX) crossbred rabbits. They were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two genetic groups; and three dietary treatments of zero, 0.5 or 1.0 g MOS/kg of diet). Blood samples have been collected at slaughter at 10 weeks of age. Significant differences were observed among dietary treatments for all biochemical and haematological parameters with the exception of triglycerides. There was a genetic group and dietary treatment interaction for albumen (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.002), red blood cell count (RBC) (P = 0.007), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (P = 0.009) and haematocrit % (P < 0.001) observed. Rabbits from the NZW × RX genetic group fed a diet with 1.0 g/kg MOS had the highest plasma cholesterol level (0.97 ± 0.012 mmol/L), whereas the lowest level (0.89 ± 0.012 mmol/L) was detected in rabbits from the NZW × RX genetic group fed the Control diet. Rabbits from the NZW genetic group fed the diet with 1.0 g/kg MOS had the highest RBC (4.27 ± 0.083 × 106/mm3) whereas rabbits from the same genetic group fed the diet with 0.5 g/kg MOS had the highest Hb concentration (11.43 ± 0.097 g/dL) and haematocrit (30.29 ± 0.163%). Some carcass traits such as liveweight, hot and reference carcass weight (P < 0.001), percentage of periscapular, and perirenal fat relative to reference carcass weight (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by the dietary MOS supplementation. In conclusion, MOS supplementation in the diet, especially 1.0 g/kg, improved immunity, health indicators in the blood, liveweights and carcass weights of rabbits without any harmful effects on the other carcass traits. Furthermore, purebred NZW and NZW × RX crossbred rabbits showed relatively similar performance for all traits of interest. A significant interaction between genetic group and dietary supplementation of MOS was shown for albumen, cholesterol, RBC and haematocrit %.

Longitudinal assessment of taurine and amino acid concentrations in dogs fed a green lentil diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Reilly ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Lindsay Clark ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Taurine Deficiency ◽  
Green Lentils ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Abstract A recent association between the inclusion of pulses in canine diets and taurine deficiency has become a prevalent issue in the pet food industry. Although there is not a nutritional requirement for taurine by dogs, the appearance of taurine deficiencies has been related with more serious health issues, such as dilated cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to determine the circulating concentrations of plasma and whole blood taurine, indispensable and dispensable amino acid concentrations in the plasma, and taurine and creatinine concentrations in the urine of adult dogs fed a green lentil diet. Twelve, adult, female beagles were randomly assigned to a diet containing 45% green lentils (GLD) or a poultry byproduct meal diet (CON) for 90 days. Fresh urine samples were collected every 30 d and analyzed for taurine and creatinine concentrations. A blood sample also was collected every 30 d and analyzed for amino acids including taurine. Animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements outlined by AAFCO (2018) and all dogs remained healthy throughout the study. The concentrations of taurine in the plasma and whole blood showed no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between dietary treatments or across time points. Similarly, no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in plasma methionine concentrations were observed between treatments or across time points. A treatment effect (P &lt; 0.05) showed dogs fed GLD had higher total primary fecal bile acid (BA) excretion compared with dogs fed CON. The differential abundance of fecal microbial communities showed Firmicutes as the predominant phyla in dogs fed both GLD and CON, with Bacteroidaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaecae as predominant families in dogs fed GLD. The α-diversity of dogs fed GLD ( P &lt; 0.05) was lower than in dogs fed CON. These data suggest that the inclusion of 45% green lentil in extruded diets does not lower whole blood and plasma taurine concentrations during a 90 d period and is appropriate for use in a complete and balanced formulation for dogs.

High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig: II The effect of cereal preparation on the performance of pigs fed diets containing high levels of maize, sorghum and barley

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
White Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Weaner Pigs

(1) In a 3×2 factorial experiment sixty Large White type weaner pigs (30 hogs and 30 gilts) were individually and restrictedly fed to 200 lb live weight, six diets (as wet mashes) containing 70 % of either maize, sorghum or barley, each cereal having been processed by either crimping or grinding prior to inclusion in its respective diet. A further two groups of six litter-mate hog pigs per group were used to measured the digestibility of and the nitrogen retention from these six diets at approximately 50, 110 and 190 lb live weight.2. Grinding gave significantly better digestibility than crimping, the ground diets having significantly higher digestible energy contents than the crimped. Between cereals the order of significant decreasing digestible energy content was from maize to sorghum to barley dietary treatments.3. There were no significant differences between cereals in nitrogen retention. Between processing treatments grinding, in terms of g. retained per kg live weight per day, gave a significantly higher value than crimping, at 107 lb live weight.

The effect of dietary energy concentration and total lysine/digestible energy ratio on the growth performance of weaned pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Oresanya ◽  
A. D. Beaulieu ◽  
E. Beltranena ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Amino acids should be defined in relation to dietary energy concentration in diets for young pigs. However, the literature contains diverse estimates of the optimum lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratio for weanling pigs performing at levels commonly observed in commercial practice. Further, there is a poor understanding of the reponse of the weanling pig to dietary energy concentration. A growth experiment was conducted to define the optimum total lysine:DE ratio for pigs from 4 to 8 wk of age. Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial: low (LDE, 3.4 Mcal kg-1) or high DE (HDE, 3.6 Mcal kg-1) and the following total lysine:DE ratios: 3.7, 4.0, 4.3, 4.6, or 4.9 g Mcal-1). The experiment ran for 28 d, beginning 7 d post-weaning, using four pigs per pen and six pens per diet for a total of 240 pigs (27 ± 2 d; 7.5 ± 1.1 kg). No DE × lysine:DE ratio interactions were detected for any performance parameter (P > 0.05). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was 4% greater with pigs on LDE than HDE diets (DE,P < 0.05), but was not affected by lysine:DE ratio (P > 0.05). Conversely, DE did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (P > 0.05), but increased quadratically (day 0 to 14; P < 0.05) and (day 0 to 28; P < 0.10) with increasing lysine:DE ratio. Feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing lysine:DE ratio (P < 0.05) and was 4% greater with the HDE than LDE diets (P < 0.05). The optimum total lysine:DE ratio for ADG was determined to be 4.46 and 4.27 g Mcal-1 for pigs between 7.5 to 13 kg and 7.5 to 22.5 kg BW, respectively. Key words: Pig, total lysine, digestible energy, growth

Productivity and cold resistance in ewes pre-lamb shorn by standard or cover comb

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Dabiri ◽  
ST Morris ◽  
WJ Parker ◽  
SN McCutcheon ◽  
GA Wickham
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Pregnancy Status

The cover comb has been developed in New Zealand as a means of increasing residual fleece depth after shearing and so increasing the resistance of shorn sheep to cold-stress. The effects of pre-lamb shearing ewes with cover or standard comb, and of leaving ewes unshorn until after weaning, on their feed intake, productivity, and cold resistance were studied. Border Leicester x Romney ewes were divided into three groups balanced for pregnancy status, ewe age and liveweight. Two groups of ewes were shorn, by either cover comb or standard comb, on day 114 of pregnancy (P114) and one group left unshorn until weaning on day 84 of lactation (L84). Ewes were managed under the same conditions during pregnancy and lactation. Ewes shorn pre-lamb by cover comb had lower mortality from shearing to lambing, and lower organic matter intakes and biting rates at P123-126 than ewes shorn by standard comb. These parameters did not differ between ewes shorn pre-lamb by cover comb and unshorn ewes except biting rate which was greater in the cover comb-shorn group. Twenty days after shearing (P134), the liveweights of ewes were greater in the unshorn group than in the cover comb-shorn group (P < 0.05), which was in turn heavier (P < 0.05) than ewes shorn by standard comb. Midside clean wool growth rates were greater in standard comb- and cover comb-shorn ewes during the post-shearing period (to day 40 of lactation) than in unshorn ewes ( P < 0.05). Similarly, the yield and brightness of wool were superior (P < 0.05) in pre-lamb shorn groups. Lamb liveweights at birth, docking and weaning, and lamb survival, were similar between shearing policies. Rectal temperature (RT) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in both pre-lamb shorn groups than in the unshorn group on day 3 post-shearing (S3), but by S5 only the ewes shorn by standard comb had lower RT. These results suggest that the greater amount of residual wool in cover comb- vs standard comb-shorn ewes provides a low cost practical method for reducing the two important disadvantages of pre-lamb shearing, namely increased cold-stress and feed intakes post-shearing.

Feeds and feeding methods for assembly of sheep before export

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL McDonald ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
SP Gittins
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Marking Technique ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Board Ship

Sheep are assembled in Australian feedlots before export and given time to adapt to the pelleted diet they will receive on board ship. In Western Australia, lupins are normally included in the diet at levels up to 30% as a source of digestible energy which is low in starch. It is also common to feed hay during assembly. We examine the use of pellets based on barley and containing either lupins or virginiamycin to overcome problems of acidosis, and the importance of hay during assembly. There were 9 dietary treatments each with 3 pens of 30 sheep. The study was conducted over 8 days simulating assembly feedlot conditions. Measurements were made of numbers of sheep visiting troughs (paint-marking technique) and accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen. 'Barley' pellets were formulated with 33% barley, 18% oats, 47% hay/straw and 2% minerals and vitamins. Replacing about half of the barley with lupins resulted in more sheep paint-marked on days 3-6 (P<0.05) and higher levels of feed intake on days 4-8 (P<0.001) than feeding pellets without lupins. The inclusion of lupins was also associated with a less pronounced drop in feed intake on day 4 than measured in sheep fed barley pellets alone. Adding virginiamycin at 40 g/t to the basal barley-based pellet also significantly increased the numbers of sheep paintmarked. Virginiamycin appeared to have a similar effect to the inclusion of lupins in terms of reducing the number of sheep which were not paint-marked. Sprinkling a small quantity of lucerne chaff onto the pellets had no effect on feeding behaviour. The use of hay in racks resulted in fewer sheep (3 v. 12%, P<0.05) not eating during the first 3 days but there was no significant effect thereafter. We concluded that the inclusion of either lupins or virginiamycin is effective in improving the adaptation to cereal-based pellets in export feedlots. The use of hay either in racks or sprinkled over the pellets appears to be of limited value.

scholarly journals PSIX-38 Influence of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) tannin extract fed at differing rates in a high-roughage diet on energy partitioning in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 391-392
Author(s):  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Whitney L Crossland ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Jamie L Foster ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Schinopsis Balansae

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate how quebracho tannin (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet affected energy partitioning of growing beef steers. Ruminant production is essential to meeting the protein requirements of an increasing global population. However, gaseous byproducts from ruminant production, such as methane (CH4), not only reduce energetic efficiency, it can also be detrimental to the environment. Feed-grade antibiotics have traditionally been utilized for improved feed efficiency; however, consumer perception has prompted the pursuit of natural rumen modulators. Condensed tannins are a potential alternative due to their capacity for enhancing protein efficiency and reducing CH4. In our study, a 4 x 8 Latin rectangle design utilizing four periods and 8 British crossbred steers (236 ± 16 kg) were used to determine the effects of QT fed at 0 (control), 1.5, 3, and 4.5% of DM, within a roughage-based ration. Following 12-d dietary adaptation, animals were relocated to open-circuit respiration calorimetry chambers fitted with metabolism stands for gas exchange measurements and collection of total feces and urine over 48 h. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model with animal and period as random factors. Inclusion of QT had no effect on intake, fiber digestibility, or nitrogen retention (P &gt; 0.10). Provision of QT increased fecal energy, resulting in reduced digestible energy (DE) (P &lt; 0.01). Urinary energy was not different (P = 0.49) but gas energy decreased (P &lt; 0.01) as QT inclusion increased. Metabolizable energy (ME) decreased linearly as QT increased (P &lt; 0.01), but all treatments maintained a ME-to-DE ratio of 0.86. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.01) with increased QT rate; however, there was no difference in retained energy. Although QT reduced gas and heat energy, this could not compensate for the reduction in digestible energy, leading to decreased energetic efficiency with QT inclusion.

scholarly journals Dietary Choices of New Zealand Women during Pregnancy and Lactation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Kimberley Brown ◽  
Pamela von Hurst ◽  
Cathryn Conlon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Dietary choices during pregnancy and lactation are important for the expecting women and her offspring’s health. [...]

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