schinopsis balansae
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2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
María Laura Quevedo Fernández ◽  
Lidia Pérez de Molas ◽  
William Tomaz Folmann ◽  
Stella Amarilla Rodríguez ◽  
Lila Gamarra Ruiz Díaz ◽  
...  

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4412
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cesprini ◽  
Primož Šket ◽  
Valerio Causin ◽  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
Gianluca Tondi

One of the major challenges currently in the field of material science is finding natural alternatives to the high-performing plastics developed in the last century. Consumers trust synthetic products for their excellent properties, but they are becoming aware of their impact on the planet. One of the most attractive precursors for natural polymers is tannin extracts and in particular condensed tannins. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) extract is one of the few industrially available flavonoids and can be exploited as a building block for thermoset resins due to its phenol-like reactivity. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate different hardeners and evaluate the water resistance, thermal behavior, and chemical structure of the quebracho tannin-based polymers in order to understand their suitability as adhesives. It was observed that around 80% of the extract is resistant to leaching when 5% of formaldehyde or hexamine or 10% of glyoxal or furfural are added. Additionally, furfuryl alcohol guarantees high leaching resistance, but only at higher proportions (20%). The quebracho-based formulations showed specific thermal behavior during hardening and higher degradation resistance than the extract. Finally, these polymers undergo similar chemistry to those of mimosa, with exclusive reactivity of the A-ring of the flavonoid.


Author(s):  
D. Vergara ◽  
F. Sagüés ◽  
E. J. Späth ◽  
M. M. Lloberas ◽  
C. A. Saumell ◽  
...  

El objetivo fue evaluar in vitro la eficacia del extracto de quebracho (Bioquina®), rico en taninos condensados, en el control de H. contortus de ovinos, dadas las evidencias de que los taninos condensados provenientes del extracto de quebracho (Schinopsis spp.) pueden reducir la excreción de huevos, la fecundidad de las hembras parásitas y la carga de parásitos nematodos gastrointestinales adultos en rumiantes. Se utilizó el test de inhibición de migración larval (IML) a 3 concentraciones diferentes (5 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml y 30 mg/ml) sobre larvas infectantes de H. contortus susceptibles a todos los grupos químicos. El efecto se analizó mediante un análisis de varianza y para la estimación de las diferencias entre grupos (a posteriori) se usó la prueba LSD Fisher. El test in vitro demostró que el extracto de quebracho evaluado redujo aproximadamente entre un 74% y un 80% la migración larval a las concentraciones de entre 5 mg/ml y 30 mg/ml. Del análisis de varianza surgen diferencias significativas entre tratamientos (p = 0,0494). Al realizar la prueba de comparación de medias se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los promedios de migración a las diluciones de 5 mg/ml y 15 mg/ml y de 5 mg/ml y 30 mg/ml, mientras que no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre la dilución de 15 mg/ml y 30 mg/ml. Estos resultados señalaron que el extracto de quebracho, a las diluciones evaluadas, presentó actividad antihelmíntica sobre larvas L3 susceptibles de H. contortus; sin embargo, se requiere ampliar los estudios in vivo en ovinos.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100770
Author(s):  
Erasmo Gámez-Espinosa ◽  
Cecilia Deyá ◽  
Marta Cabello ◽  
Natalia Bellotti
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Blas Fandiño

En Santa Fe, provincia con una fuerte expansión agrícola, las áreas protegidas (AP) cumplen una importante función en conservación. Particularmente, la Cuña Boscosa en Santa Fe, región del Chaco Húmedo que se extiende hasta el límite de distribución del Quebracho colorado (Schinopsis balansae), es conservada por la Reserva Natural Estricta La Loca (RNELL) y la Reserva Natural Manejada Potrero 7B (RNMP7B). Conocer la biodiversidad de estas AP es fundamental para elaborar planes de manejos adecuados, no obstante, su información es escasa, y de su avifauna en particular está desactualizada. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar los inventarios de aves estas AP y detectar especies prioritarias para la conservación. Se realizaron muestreos de aves mediante puntos de conteos, listas de MacKinnon y listas de especies no sistematizadas entre los años 2006 y 2019, y se complementaron con otras fuentes de información. Se consideraron especies con valor de conservación a las amenazadas, de distribución restringida en Santa Fe y restringida a un Bioma. Se registraron 195 especies en ambas AP (85% residentes y 15% migratorias), 175 en la RNELL y 162 en la RNMP7B. Las especies con valor de conservación son 5 amenazadas, 12 de distribución restringida en Santa Fe y 22 restringidas a un Bioma. La riqueza detectada representa el 45% de las especies de la provincia, el 25% de las especies migratorias y 12% de las especies amenazadas de Santa Fe. Estos resultados servirán para el manejo de ambas AP y el monitoreo de sus poblaciones de aves.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Dias Batista ◽  
Madeline E Rivera ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Jordan Adams ◽  
Roberta Cracco ◽  
...  

Abstract The utilization of natural plant secondary compounds as feed additives in animal nutrition has been extensively studied because of their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation can potentially alter ruminal fermentation, and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of quebracho CT extract (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet on overall fermentability and CH4 production utilizing the in vitro gas production technique (IVGP). Twenty rumen cannulated steers (227 ± 19 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n=4): QT at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of DM (QT0, QT1, QT2, and QT3). A roughage-based diet containing 88% bermudagrass hay and 12% concentrate was fed daily at 2.1% of shrunk body weight. The animals were adapted to the basal diet for 24-d then introduced to predetermined treatments for 35d. Rumen inoculum was collected weekly from each steer to perform the incubations. Two hundred milligrams of air-dried base diet were incubated for 48-h with a composite rumen inoculum for each treatment over 5 wk. Kinetic analysis of cumulative 48h gas production was performed using Gasfit. Measurements of CH4 were performed via gas chromatography and digested residue was determined post-incubation. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Total gas production was higher for QT0 compared to QT1 and QT3 (P = 0.001), but not different from QT2 (P = 0.554). The fractional rate of gas production was higher for QT2 compared to QT0 (P = 0.011). First and second pool gas production decreased linearly as QT inclusion increased (P = 0.042 and 0.010, respectively). There was no dietary effect in ivNDFD (P = 0.567). However, there was a linear tendency to decrease CH4 production with the addition of QT (P=0.071) likely due to changes in the microbial population.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Pablo José Rufino-Moya ◽  
Margalida Joy ◽  
Sandra Lobón ◽  
Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽  
Mireia Blanco

The carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of the lambs under different maternal feedings and fattening concentrates was studied. During lactation, 21 lambs were housed with their dams, that received a total mixed ration (intensive); 21 ewe–lamb pairs grazed on alfalfa; and 21 pairs grazed on sainfoin. After weaning, half of the lambs in each maternal feeding group received a commercial concentrate (control) and the other half a concentrate with quebracho (Schinopsis balansae), as a source of condensed tannins, until they were slaughtered (23 kg). The analyte concentrations in the plasma of lambs at weaning reflected the content in the feedstuffs. Grazing during suckling more than doubled the contents of lutein in the liver and retinol in the tissues compared to the intensive feeding. The content of α-tocopherol in the tissues was greatest in sainfoin lambs, intermediate in alfalfa lambs, and lowest in the intensive lambs. The quebracho concentrate decreased α-tocopherol (by 41–81%) and γ-tocopherol (by 65–89%) contents in the lamb tissues. The use of the analytes in the plasma at weaning correctly classified 100% of the lambs into the maternal feeding (intensive vs. grazing (alfalfa + sainfoin)) but has to be improved in the carcass and tissues separately.


Bonplandia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Fátima Mereles ◽  
Gloria Céspedes ◽  
Juana De Egea-Elsam ◽  
Rodolphe Spichiger

Se presenta la descripción del bosque de Schinopsis balansae que incluye un análisis de su estructura, composición y variabilidad florística. El sitio de muestreo se situó dentro del mosaico bosques-sabanas palmares en el Chaco húmedo. Se determinaron datos cuantitativos para el cálculo del Índice de Valor de Importancia, que incluyó la abundancia, frecuencia y dominancia de las especies. Se calculó el índice de Diversidad del mismo y el valor obtenido fue comparado con otros bosques de la región. Los resultados indican que el bosque es un complejo de Fabaceae-Anacardiaceae-Arecaceae, con asociaciones edafobotánicas muy características y que florísticamente se trata de un bosque mixto y transicional con otras formaciones vegetales de América del Sur.


Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Martín Barberis ◽  
Graciela Klekailo ◽  
Juliana Albertengo ◽  
Juan Ignacio Cárcamo ◽  
José María Cárcamo ◽  
...  

Abstract The Schinopsis balansae forests of the Wet Chaco are characterized by convex areas with woody vegetation and plain areas with herbaceous vegetation. In the Wet Chaco, Aechmea distichantha is a terrestrial bromeliad that forms dense colonies in the understory and open areas of these forests. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in population dynamics of this bromeliad species. We monitored ramets growing in sun and shade conditions during two contrasting years. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations in survival, flowering, and ramet production. Variations in survival, flowering, and ramet production were more marked between years than between habitats. During the year with wetter and milder temperature conditions, survival and ramet production were higher than during the drier year with more extreme temperatures. Survival of vegetative ramets was less variable than survival of young and reproductive ramets. In the colder year, lower winter temperatures reduced the populations in all stages, being more important in the open areas. Our results highlight the importance of low temperatures on A. distichantha demography at this xerophytic forest located at the southernmost distribution range of this bromeliad species.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Jamie L Foster ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
Bill E Pinchak

Abstract Our objective was to investigate how quebracho tannin (QT; Schinopsis balansae) fed at differing rates within a roughage-based diet affected manure gas emissions of growing steers. The utilization of ruminant species is required for efficient production of human-edible protein to meet global nutrient demands. However, gaseous byproducts from ruminant production systems, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are deleterious to the environment. It is estimated that CO2, CH4, and N2O from managed waste and grazed lands account for roughly 54% of emissions from the livestock sector within the United States, with approximately 80% being associated with beef and dairy cattle. Supplementation of condensed tannins is a plausible method for improving environmental efficiency through the mitigation of enteric CH4 and shifting route of N excretion. During two experimental periods, 12 crossbred steers (236 ± 16 kg) were fed a roughage-based diet at maintenance level with the addition of QT at 0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5% of DM serving as dietary treatments. Following adaptation, feces were collected and gas fluxes measured using vented static chamber technique with manure incubated on the soil surface at two locations, College Station and Stephenville, during two periods corresponding to winter and spring. The daily flux of CO2 was influenced by soil moisture and temperature (r = 0.34; P &lt; 0.01), whereas CH4 and N2O were associated with soil moisture. Cumulative CO2 and gross CO2 equivalent (CO2e) exhibited a dietary treatment effect at College Station (P ≤ 0.01), with a linear reduction with increased dietary QT. At both locations, we observed significance or tendencies for period effects for CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO2e (P ≤ 0.07) with period 2 having higher gas production. Within certain environments, QT supplementation could potentially reduce manure gas emissions, but additional investigation into animal variation is required.


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