scholarly journals Assessment of nutritive value of selectively grazed forbs by cattle in communal grazing land of Ido Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
A. A. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Sida Cordifolia ◽  
Boerhavia Diffusa

Forbs subsidize to nutrients pool of cattle grazing heterogeneous native land. They have sustainability potential to balance nutrients deficiency of tropical grasses that dominate unimproved grazing land. Therefore, selectively grazed forbs by cattle were evaluated with respect to their nutritive value and forage quality indices. Forbs selectively grazed were determined for their chemical composition (g/100g DM), metabolisable energy (ME, MJ/Kg DM) and in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD %) using Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS). In vitro gas production at 24 h incubation, Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) were assessed. The Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) of the forbs were estimated using standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Forbs selectively grazed by cattle were; Euphorbia heterophylus, Platosoma africanum, Ipomea triloba, Altherathania sessilis, Sida cordifolia, Tithonia diversifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Sida acuta, Tridax procumbens, Talinum fruticosum, Phyllanthus amarus, Aspilla africana, Acalypa fimbriata and Euphorbia hirta. Crude Protein (CP) content ranged from 9.30% in A. sessilis to 28.69% in P. Africana. The CP values differed significantly (p<0.05) amongst the forb species. The ME ranged from 6.18 in T diversifolia to 8.99 in T procumbence while, IVOMD ranged from 48.29 in A. fimbriata to 65.67 in T. diversifolia showing that the grazed forbs differed significantly (p<0.05) from each other. OMD differed significantly (p<0.05) among the forbs while, SCFA did not differ (p>0.05). RFV and RFQ ranged from 85.63 to 66.48 and 66.48 60 217.89 in A. sessilis and T diversifolia, respectively. The findings from this study revealed forbs are enriched in nutrients, have the potential to supply requested nutrients to grazing cattle because of their great forage quality indices and high degradability.     Les Forbs subventionnent le 'pool' de nutriments du bétail paissant sur des terres indigenes hétérogènes. Ils ont un potentiel de durabilité pour équilibrer les carences en nutriments des herbes tropicales qui dominent les pâturages non améliorés. Par conséquent, les plantes broutées sélectivement par les bovins ont été évaluées en fonction de leur valeur nutritive et des indices de qualité du fourrage. Les plantes broutées de manière sélective ont été déterminées pour leur composition chimique (g / 100 g MS), leur énergie métabolisable (EM, MJ / Kg MS) et leur digestibilité in vitro de la matière organique (in-vitro organicmatterdigestibility – le 'IVOMD'%) à l'aide de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge (SPIR). La production de gaz in vitro à 24 h d'incubation, la digestibilité de la matière organique (DMO) et les acides gras à chaîne courte (Le Short Chain FattyAcids- le SCFA) ont été évalués. La valeur relative de l'alimentation (VRA) et la qualité relative du fourrage (QRF) des fourrages ont été estimées en utilisant la procédure standard. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives. Forbs broutés sélectivement par le bétail étaient ;Euphorbiaheterophylus, Platosomaafricanum, Ipomeatriloba, Altherathaniasessilis, Sida cordifolia, Tithoniadiversifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Sida acuta, Tridaxprocumbens, Talinumfruticosum, Phyllanthus amarus, Aspillaafricorbana, Acalypafimbriata et Euphorbana. La teneur en protéines brutes (CP) variait de 9.30% chez A. sessilis à 28.69% chez P. Africana. Les valeurs de CP diffèrent significativement (p <0.05) parmi les espèces interdites. Le ME variait de 6.18 dans T diversifolia à 8.99 dans T procumbence tandis que l'IVOMD variait de 48.29 dans A. fimbriata à 65.67 dans T. diversifolia montrant que les plantes broutées différaient significativement (p <0.05) les unes des autres. DMO différait significativement (p <0.05) parmi les forbs tandis quele'SCFA' ne différait pas (p> 0.05). La VRA et la QRF allaient de 85.63 à 66.48 et 66.48 60 217.89 chez A. sessilis et T diversifolia, respectivement. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé que les plantes herbacées sont enrichies en nutriments et elles ont le potentiel de fournir les nutriments requis aux bovins de pâturage en raison de leurs excellents indices de qualité fourragère et de leur haute dégradabilité.

scholarly journals Effect of Substitution of Urea With Different Type and Levels of Ruminant Manure on Nutritive Value of Rice Straw Silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Ali Ameen Saeed ◽  
Saja Intisar Abid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
N Content ◽  
Aerobic Stability

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. to investigate the effect of the type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure, M (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen (N) content on the nutritive value of rice straw silage (RSS). Accordingly silages were nominated as, S-RSS, C-RSS and B-RSS. Urea (U) was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 of U:M. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Results showed that lower (P˂0.01) DM loss (11.4%) was observed in S-RSS, and with addition of urea only (3.6%).        Samples of S-RSS and C-RSS recorded higher (P˂0.01) Fleig points (Fp) as compared with those prepared by the addition of B-RSS, 60.42, 55.58 and 49.59 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in this parameter was noticed in samples prepared with a combination of 100:0. Aerobic stability (AS) was a reduced (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of S-RSS by 15 and 13 hours in comparison with samples of C-RSS and B-RSS respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 were prior (P˂0.01) as compared with other samples.        Results also showed an increase (P˂0.01) in in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) in samples of S-RSS in comparison with samples prepared by addition of C-RSS and B-RSS, 49.99, 44.59 and 42.77% respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 recorded lower (P˂0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) as compared with combinations of 70:30 and 60:40 of U: M, 40.52, 45.36 and 45.94% respectively.

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA STEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BUXTON ◽  
G. C. MARTEN ◽  
J. S. HORNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

When normally harvested for hay, the basal portion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems is low in forage quality. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration of stems of perennial Medicago spp. could be identified and whether morphological and chemical traits were associated with variation in these characteristics of stems. The lower six nodes and internodes of stems and total herbage from 64 Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and five cultivars of field-grown plants were harvested twice when most plants were at the early seed-pod stage of maturity. Several morphological and growth traits were measured, and both stems and total herbage were evaluated for IVDDM and CP concentration. Covariant analysis was used to adjust in IVDDM and CP concentration of stems for differences in plant maturity. Significant variation for IVDDM and CP concentration in stems existed among the cultivars and among the accessions. Some accessions had significantly higher stem IVDDM or CP concentration than control cultivars. The M. sativa accession, PI 440496, had the fourth highest stem IVDDM and third highest stem CP, with concentrations of 374 and 79 g kg−1, respectively. The number of ridges on stems (stem shape) was significantly correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration with average correlation coefficients of 0.30 and 0.35, respectively. Cell-wall concentration and lignin concentration per unit cell wall of stems were both negatively correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration. Selection for improved nutritive value of stems may have potential for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa herbage.Key words: Alfalfa, forage quality, crude protein, in vitro digestibility, Medicago sativa L.

scholarly journals Animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Piatã-grass in integrated systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
D.C. Martins ◽  
S.D.J. Villela ◽  
R.G. Almeida ◽  
S.A.C. Araújo ◽  
L.D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems.

Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR ◽  
M. DEHGHAN-BANADAKY ◽  
K. REZAYAZDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of the Nutritive Value and Phytotherapeutic Potential of Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.) Targeting Ruminant’s Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Marta Oliveira ◽  
Maria João Rodrigues ◽  
Nuno R. Neng ◽  
José Manuel Florêncio Nogueira ◽  
Rui J. B. Bessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Acetone Extracts

In our endeavor to identify salt-tolerant plants with potential veterinary uses in ruminants’ production strategies, we focused on Cladium mariscus L. Pohl (sawgrass), due to its high total phenolic and tannin content, anti-radical properties, and ethnomedicinal uses. Aerial parts were collected along the year in Southern Portugal and evaluated for the nutritional profile and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), aiming for its use as feed. Acetone extracts were appraised for total contents in phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and tannins (CTC), as well as the chemical composition by HPLC-DAD and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, targeting its exploitation as phytotherapeutic products. Sawgrass biomass has a limited nutritive value, due to its high neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 596–690 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) and acid detergent fiber (ADF; 330–418 g kg−1 DM) contents, low crude protein (51.8–87.3 g kg−1 DM) and IVOMD (172–317 g kg−1 organic matter (OM)). Despite differences among seasons, the mineral profile was adequate. The extracts were rich in TPC (88–112 mg g−1), CTC (115–169 mg g−1), and TFC (18.5–20.2 mg g−1), and displayed significant antioxidant capacity, particularly in summer and autumn, whilst no seasonal influence was detected for anti-inflammatory properties (30% reduction of nitric oxide production). Eleven phenolics were quantified: chlorogenic, ferulic, and syringic acids were the most abundant, especially in the autumn sample. Overall, despite the low nutritional interest, sawgrass extracts hold the potential as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds.

Nutritive value of the olive leaf: effects of cultivar, season of harvesting and system of drying

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cabrera-Gomez ◽  
A. Garrido ◽  
J. E. Guerrero ◽  
V. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Drying Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Olive Trees

SUMMARYLeaves of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) of eight cultivars, Manzanilla, Picual, Hojiblanca, Edremit, Conservolia, Picholine-Marroqui, Chemlali and Frantoio, were collected in different seasons and years in Córdoba, Spain. Their chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility values were determined. Differences in composition and nutritive value between cultivars, years and seasons were studied in Manzanilla, Picual and Hojiblanca, the three most important local cultivars. There were significant differences both between cultivars and seasons (P < 0·05) and a non-significant difference between years.The effect of various drying procedures (fresh, oven-dried, air-dried indoors or air-dried outdoors) on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in vivo digestibility in sheep was also examined. The in vivo organic matter digestibility of fresh leaves was significantly higher than that of dried leaves. No difference was found between leaves air-dried indoors and oven-dried leaves. However, leaves air-dried outdoors were significantly less digestible. Quick drying in an oven reduced the digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fibres compared to air drying indoors. There was a significant decrease in digestibility of 11% when leaves were dried separated from the branches as compared to leaves dried on the branches.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Season On The Yield And Nutritive Value Of Gliricidia Sepium And Leucaena Leucocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Browse Species

Four plots of Gliricidia and two plots of Leucuena were harvested at three monthly intervals to monitor dry matter yield, chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The plants had been established (Gliricidia from stakes, Leucaena from seeds) and were spaced 1m apart on rows and 1m between rows. Each plot size was 6m x 6m.  There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the dry matter yield of the two browse species. Season did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of Leucaena but had on that of Gliricidia (P<0.01). The early dry harvest produced the lowest yield for both Gliricidia and Leucaena and these were significantly lower than the yield from other harvests.  Season had significant effect (P<0.01) on the chemical composition of Leucaena except on the percent Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and lignin but season had no effect on the organic matter digestibilities of the two browse species: Leucaena was higher in nutritive value than Gliricidia.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Robert D. Kinley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Grass Hay

Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.

Winter weathering effects on corn grown for grazing in a short-season area

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
M. Bjorge ◽  
G. W. Lastiwka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Winter Grazing

Winter grazing can reduce over-winter feeding costs of beef cows and, recently, the selection and marketing of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties for grazing has increased the interest of Alberta beef producers. The objective of this study was to compare grazing corn varieties with early conventional corn hybrids for winter grazing potential. Five corn varieties (one grazing, one short-stature and three conventional types) were compared for whole-plant yield and forage quality at Lacombe and Brooks, AB, at four harvest times (two in September, one in December and one in January), in each of 2 yr. Forage quality analyses were in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein concentration. Averaged over varieties and years, yield decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 13% between September and January at Lacombe, and by 39 and 16% at Brooks in 1999 and 2000, respectively. At Brooks, yield losses from September to January, averaged over years were 38 to 18% for a grazing and a conventional variety, respectively. At Lacombe, IVDOM concentration declined (P ≤ 0.05) by 6.3 and 3.6% between September and January during 1999 and 2000, respectively; NDF concentration increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 10% over the same interval for both years. At Lacombe there were no differences among varieties for nutritive value by January harvests. Trends for reduced forage quality with harvest were not clear at Brooks but the grazing-type variety had higher (P ≤ 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations than the other varieties after the first harvest. In general, projected energy and crude protein concentrations of corn during winter exceeded minimum requirements an were adequate, respectively, for non-lactating, pregnant beef cows. Grazing and short stature corn varieties were not superior to early conventional corn genotypes for winter grazing potential. Thus, choice of variety for winter grazing should be made on the basis of cost of production and early maturity. Key words: Weathering, corn, Zea mays L., nutritive value, yield loss, winter grazing potential

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