scholarly journals Legal and Regulatory Responses Adopted by Kenya to Combat Terrorism in the Aviation Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-191
Author(s):  
Edna Nyatichi Omweno
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Aviation Security ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Security Audits

Terrorist acts against the civil aviation industry have remained sustained since the first recorded aircraft hijack in February 1931. The devastating effects of a successful terror attack in the aviation industry transcend the jurisdictions of many states, threatening their national and human security. This study sought to analyse the responses to combat terrorism within the aviation industry in Kenya. It employed the exploratory research design. This design is appropriate for a research problem in cases where there are few documented studies for reference. Secondary data was collected from government publications, websites, internal records and reports, conference proceedings, research articles, and books, among others. The data collected was analysed thematically. The findings show that due to the many devastating terrorist attacks in Kenya, a number of legal measures have been progressively initiated to strengthen the security of all aspects of Kenya’s commercial civil aviation against terror attacks. These include the protection of Aircraft Act, 1970 (revised in 2012). Article 2(6) of the Constitution of Kenya provides that any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the law of Kenya. Another Act put in place is The Civil Aviation Act, 2002 (revised 2013), which established the KCAA to regulate and oversee aviation safety and security as guided by the provisions of the Convention on the International Civil Aviation. There is also the Kenya Security Laws Amendment Act, 2014 (Section 75) which provided for the establishment of a mechanism for coordinating counter-terrorism measures in all entry and exit ports in the country. There are also numerous regulatory strategies adopted to combat terrorism in Kenya’s aviation industry. The country has also put in place elaborate regulations on Preventive Security Measures contained in Part IV of the Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations, 2019. Further, the country has instituted the training program with aims to ensure that personnel of all entities involved with or responsible for the implementation of various aspects of aviation security are properly trained on the appropriate standards for tasks in accordance with the national civil aviation security program. The country also undertakes Aviation Security Audits and Reviews.  It can thus be concluded that Kenya has adopted elaborate legal and regulatory responses to combat terrorism in the aviation industry. These have been largely successful in combating aviation terrorism in Kenya. Based on the study findings, there is a need for regular reviews of the various legal and regulatory responses to combatting terrorism in Kenya to enhance their efficacy and responsiveness to the dynamism of international terrorism. Furthermore, the training strategies should be strengthened through increased funding to enhance the domestication of the various legal and regulatory responses in the various aviation security agencies in Kenya. KCAA should also increase the frequency of aviation security audits, inspections, system tests, investigations, and surveys on airports, airlines, cargo agents, and inflight catering operators among others in response to increased sophistication of international terrorism.

Willingness to pay for airline security

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shosh Shahrabani ◽  
Sharon Teitler Regev
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Terror Attacks

Purpose Due to recent international media reports of terrorist attacks in airports, people are more aware of the risk terrorism poses to flying and the need for security measures in the airline industry. This study aims to examine factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for airline security and safety flights after terror attacks incident. Design/methodology/approach A polling company distributed an internet survey among 415 Israelis in July 2014, after thousands of missiles had been fired into Israel from the Gaza Strip, threatening the population and disrupting aviation traffic to and from Israel. The results show that individuals who attributed higher importance to airline security and exhibited more fear and less optimism were willing to pay more for airline security and safety. Findings The results show that individuals who attributed higher perceived importance to airline security and exhibited more fear and less optimism were willing to pay more for the security and safety of flying. Research limitations/implications The implications of the study are important for understanding how terrorist attacks and negative aviation events affect people’s feelings, pessimism/optimism and general attitudes toward airline security. Originality/value Due to the increase in the number of terror attack involving airlines, it is important for understanding the demand for tickets on secure airlines. Such an understanding is essential for evaluating the perceived benefit of safety and security improvements in the aviation industry and for developing marketing strategies for different tickets.

Importance of Personal Data Protection Law for Commercial Air Transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Dawid Zadura
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
The Law

Abstract In the review below the author presents a general overview of the selected contemporary legal issues related to the present growth of the aviation industry and the development of aviation technologies. The review is focused on the questions at the intersection of aviation law and personal data protection law. Massive processing of passenger data (Passenger Name Record, PNR) in IT systems is a daily activity for the contemporary aviation industry. Simultaneously, since the mid- 1990s we can observe the rapid growth of personal data protection law as a very new branch of the law. The importance of this new branch of the law for the aviation industry is however still questionable and unclear. This article includes the summary of the author’s own research conducted between 2011 and 2017, in particular his audits in LOT Polish Airlines (June 2011-April 2013) and Lublin Airport (July - September 2013) and the author’s analyses of public information shared by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Air Transport Association (IATA), Association of European Airlines (AEA), Civil Aviation Authority (ULC) and (GIODO). The purpose of the author’s research was to determine the applicability of the implementation of technical and organizational measures established by personal data protection law in aviation industry entities.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAGING (SAPI, BABI DAN AYAM ) DI DESA SEA I KECAMATAN PINELENG

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Richie A.F. Osak ◽  
V V.J Panelewen ◽  
J. Pandey ◽  
I. D.R Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON MEAT CONSUMPTION (BEEF, PORK AND CHIKEN) AT THE VILLAGE OF SEA I, PINELENG DISTRICT.This study aims to determine the magnitude of meat consumption (beef, porl and chiken) of household based on income levels in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district and to determine the effect of household income on meat consumption (beef, porl and chiken) in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. Formulation of research problem is how much they purchased meat (beef, porl and chiken) consumption household in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. This study was conducted in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. Study was conducted using a survey method, and data were obtained through primary data and secondary data. Determination of the location (rural sample) in the study was conducted by purposive sampling method. Number of samples used in this study were 30 people. Data of this study were analyzed by descriptive and mathematical analysis methods. Income indicated the amount of income earned in a month household, whether they were from the household head or sourced from other household members who work and earn income. From the money earned, the highest number of respondents had incomes between 1.000.000 to 3.000.000/month with the percentage of 70 %, while the number of respondents with the smallest income was less than 1.000.000/month with the percentage of 16.67 %. The difference of income held by the respondents in the Village of Sea I, would have an impact on the amount of meat purchases each month. This was in accordance with the opinion Sukirno (2002) stating that most of the disposable income is used to buy food and clothing. Most of the meat consumed by people in the Village of Sea I was pork and chicken meat compared to beef, it was because the price of beef was relatively expensive compared to the price of pork and chicken meat. Based on research results, pork was the most meat consumed by family respondents about 21 families with the percentage of 70 % of respondents, followed by chicken meat about 18 families with the percentage of 60 % of respondents, and beef by 8 families with the percentage of 26 respondents, 67 % of domestic poultry and meat about 6 families with the percentage of 20 % of respondents. Based on the results of research, it can be concluded that household income significantly affect the consumption of meat in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district and the average consumption of meat in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district was about 8,9  kg/capita/year, below the national target of 10,3  kg/capita/year.   Key Words : Household income, meat consumption, Sea I Village.

THE GLOBAL EXPERIENCE GAINED IN THE AREA OF AVIATION SECURITY FINANCING

Aviation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyn Miziuk
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Security ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Basic Principles

The paper discusses the basic principles of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) pertaining to the regulations of airport charges imposed for cost recovery to provide a standardized level of aviation security. The national and global experience gained in the area of aviation security financing is analyzed.

Application of image recognition in civil aviation security based on tensor learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 2145-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbin Zhao ◽  
Naiyang Deng ◽  
Ling Jing
Keyword(s):  
Image Recognition ◽  
Aviation Security ◽  
Civil Aviation

Etihad Airlines: growth through successful strategic partnerships

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad A. Al Ali ◽  
Syed Zamberi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
International Business ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Content Type

Subject area International business and/or strategic management. Study level/applicability This case is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate level students majoring in international business management and/or strategic management. Case overview Etihad Airways was established in 2003, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the UAE government as sole owner. It is the national carrier of UAE with Abu Dhabi as its centre of operations. Etihad is recognized as a fast-growing player in the aviation industry, and has become one of the dominant international players in the industry in a relatively short time. Etihad's fleet now contains more than 67 planes, with more than 1,300 flights per week to diverse destinations across the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. The company describes its business strategy as “sustainable growth”. Looking through a practitioner's lens, strategic partnerships have been the critical activities through which Etihad has delivered its strategy. The purpose of this case study is therefore to elaborate on its major and successful partnerships and the critical benefits of these. Secondary data were collected from credible sources including academic studies, relevant Etihad publications and industry reports published by official aviation associations. Expected learning outcomes Students will be able to understand the theory of strategic partnerships, their roles and benefits and critically evaluate the pre-staging “requirements” of such partnerships. In this case, the specific learning outcome of it is to help students to understand the importance of successful strategic partnerships for Etihad Airlines and how partnership strategies can improve the performance of Etihad Airlines. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Impact of National Standardization on Duopolistic Competition in the Civil Aircraft Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-873
Author(s):  
E. V. Varyukhina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Klochkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze standards as one of the main tools of protectionism in global markets of industrial goods. We use standards for modeling of market competition and adapt this approach for civil aviation markets. The role of local noise standards in civil aircraft markets is discussed. Imposition of more stringent aviation noise standards is modelled in the form of a two-person non-zero-sum game. Players are aircraft corporations that conduct research and development to reduce noise and lobby for stricter regulations in their controlled markets. The model can be used to predict that tighter aviation noise standards will be imposed and to justify the strategy of Russian aviation industry and science. The proposed approach can be adapted for other industries with strict regulations (in terms of safety, ecology). Such estimation allows us to assess whether it is in the country’s interests to participate in the standards race or not. It is shown that the equilibrium degree of standards tightening is higher if the players’ market shares are close to equal or individual players have advantages in the cost of production and/or product improvement is highly likely due to the company’s R&D progress.

scholarly journals Managing raptors to reduce wildlife strikes at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig K. Pullins ◽  
Travis L. Guerrant ◽  
Scott F. Beckerman ◽  
Brian E. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
International Airport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wildlife Damage Management ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Cost

Nationally, wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) have been increasing over the past 25 years; denoted in the National Wildlife Strike Database that has been maintained by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) since 1990. Increasing wildlife populations and air traffic coupled with quieter, faster aircraft create a significant risk to aviation safety; the cost to the civil aviation industry is an estimated $937 million dollars annually. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (WS) provides technical and direct assistance to over 850 airports and airbases around the United States, including Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD). At ORD, raptors are one of the most commonly struck bird guild and accounted for at least 25% of damaging strikes from 2010-2013. An Integrated Wildlife Damage Management (IWDM) program is implemented at ORD to reduce the presence of wildlife on the airfield, consequently lowering the risk of wildlife strikes. Professional airport wildlife biologists at ORD concentrate much of their efforts on raptor management due to the high strike risk these birds pose to aircraft on the airfield itself. A variety of techniques are currently used to manage raptor populations at ORD. Concurrently, research is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Red-tailed Hawk relocation program at the airport, as well as to assess their movements within the airfield environment.

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