Diluted versus potentitized probes of silver nitrate (10e-2 to 10e-10) and wheat germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Corinne Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wheat Germination

Corinne Kraus, Ute Knobloch, Scherer Waltraud, Peter Christian Endler Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz / Castle of Seggau, Austria Background In 1926, an influence of a homeopathically prepared high dilution of silver nitrate on the growth of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings was described (Kolisko 1926). Later, in an extensive series of experiments, wheat was observed under the influence of extremely diluted agitated silver nitrate (10e-23, “24x”). Stalk lengths clearly indicate that development is enhanced by the probe silver nitrate 24x as compared to control (Scherer et al. 2015). A preliminary experiment was performed in early autumn 2015 on stalk growth of wheat seedlings treated with (not potentized) dilutions of silver nitrate 10e-6 to 10e-10 (“6e to 10e”), compared to potentized silver nitrate 6x to 10x (N = 100 per group). A clear, albeit not statistically significant trend was observed of 6x-stalks being longer (23.4 + 16.2 mm) than 6e-stalks (13.0 + 10.9 mm). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diluted versus potentized low dilutions of silver nitrate (10e-2 to 10e-10) on wheat germination. Method The experiments were performed in late autumn 2015 on wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L., Capo variety). The grains were observed under the influence of aqueous solutions 10-2 to 10-10 part per weight of silver nitrate, either diluted in steps of 1 : 10 in distilled water by mere pipetting (probes “2e – 10e”), or diluted and agitated in steps of 1:10 (to create potentized probes “2x – 10x”). Untreated distilled water (“w”) served as an additional control. All probes were applied blindly. 100 grains were observed per treatment group in each of the groups resulting a total of 2,000 grains. Grains were placed in glass dishes, probes were added and dishes were covered with lids and placed in drawers . The following endpoint criteria were defined: K1 = visible emergence of sprout material, K2 = lifting of the operculum and emergence of the sprout and W1 = development of three roots.   Result Germination rates K1 of seedlings treated with “w”-probes (blue), with “e”-probes ranging from 2e to 10e (black) and with “x”-probes ranging from 2x to 10x (red) at the measuring points 20h, 24h and 28h (from left to right for each of the probes). In K1, K2 and W, there is an obvious increase of germination rates from the high to the lower concentrations of silver nitrate, both in the “e” and in the “x”-groups and observable at 20h, 24h and 28h (p < 0.01). In contrast, germination rates of the two „w“-probes are practically alike (p > 0,05) When “e” and “x”-data are compared, germination rates are higher under the influence of “x” than under the influence of “e” (p < 0.01 for the pooled “x”-values compared to the pooled “e”-values with regard to K1 as well as K2 as well as W). Conclusion: A significant difference was found between wheat grains treated with mere dilutions compared to grains treated with potentised dilutions. References 1. Endler PC, Belavite P, Bonamin L,Jäger T, Mazon S. Replication of fundamental research models in ultra high dilutions 1994 and 2015 – update on a bibliometric study. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015 a Oktober;104(4):234-45. 2. Endler PC, Schulte J, Stock-Schroeer B, Stephen S. Ultra high Dilution 1994 revisited 2015 – the state of follow-up research. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015 b Oktober;104(4):223-6. 3. Kolisko L. Physiologischer Nachweis der Wirksamkeit kleinster Entitäten bei 7 Metallen – Wirkung von Licht und Pflanzen auf das Pflanzenwachstum. Dornach Schweiz: Philosophisch-Anthroposophischer Verlag am Goetheanum; 1926. 4. Kraus C, Knobloch U. Diluted versus diluted and agitated probes of silver nitrate (10-2 to 10-10) and wheat germination, Thesis (MSc); branch campus UCN at Interuniversity College Graz / Schloss Seggau; 2016. 5. Scherer-Pongratz W., Endler P.C., Lothaller H., Stephen S. Wheat and ultra high diluted silver nitrate – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015;104(4):246-9.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Emulsi Kedelai dan Emulsi Tempe Terhadap Hitung Limfosit Total pada Tikus Putih yang Telah Diberi Prednison

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Rizka Bekti Nurcahyani ◽  
Imelda T Pardede ◽  
Huriatul Masdar
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Adequate nutrition is one of important factors in immunodeficiency repairment. Soybean and tempeh contains proteins,zinc, ferrum, vitamins and isoflavon. Fermentation in tempeh makes it having better nutrients digestion and absorptionthan soybean. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of soy and tempeh emulsions on total lymphocytecount in rats treated with prednisone. The test was done on 24 male white rats divided into four groups. Group A wasgiven distilled water and group B, C and D had prednisone 2.5 mg/day for 6 days. After that, group A and B werecontinued having distilled water while groups C or D was fed with soy or tempeh emulsion 0.71 mL/day for 10 days,respectively. The results shown that soy and tempeh emulsion could increase total lymphocyte count significantly (p <0,05) but there was no significant difference of total lymphocyte count between soy and tempeh emulsion groups (p >0,05).

scholarly journals First Report of Seedling Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Wheat in Oklahoma

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Choppakatla ◽  
R. M. Hunger ◽  
H. A. Melouk
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
First Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Cultures

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Oklahoma and throughout the Central Plains of the United States. The soilborne fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major pathogen on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) but is not known to cause major damage on wheat. During September of 1998, damping-off and rotting of young wheat seedlings were observed in breeder plots in Payne County, OK. The occurrence of symptoms was sporadic with an estimated stand reduction of 10 to 15%. Symptomatic plants were collected from the field and brought to the laboratory. Sclerotia-like bodies from the symptomatic plants were surface disinfested in aqueous 1% NaOCl for 2 min and allowed to germinate at 25 ± 2°C on sterile filter paper moistened with a 1% aqueous solution of methanol. Aerial mycelia from germinating sclerotia were transferred to potato dextrose agar amended with 100 ppm of streptomycin (SPDA) to obtain pure cultures. Pure cultures had coarse, white mycelium distinctive of S. rolfsii and produced very small (0.05 to 0.1 mm), abundant, round, brown sclerotia on the surface of the medium after 15 days of incubation. Pathogenicity was tested on three hard red winter wheat cultivars commonly grown in Oklahoma (Jagger, 2137, and 2174). Four plants of each cultivar were inoculated at the two-leaf stage (Feekes' scale stage 1) by placing a 0.5-cm agar disk removed from a 3-day-old culture onto a 1-cm diameter filter paper that was then pressed to the base of the shoot. Noninoculated plants were used as a control. After inoculation, pots were covered with polyethylene sheets to maintain 95 to 100% relative humidity and incubated at 25 ± 2°C in the greenhouse. Lesions were initially superficial, yellowish, and water soaked. Lesions expanded and resulted in damping-off of seedlings. Noninoculated plants were free of disease and remained healthy. No significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in disease severity was observed among the cultivars. To fulfill Koch's postulates, the fungus was reisolated onto SPDA where it had the same characteristics as the initial culture. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. rolfsii on wheat in Oklahoma. Even though S. rolfsii is not expected to pose a significant risk to wheat production, infection of wheat may enhance survival of S. rolfsii and facilitate infection and losses in a following peanut crop. This is especially important in certain areas of Oklahoma where a wheat-peanut rotation is occasionally practiced.

scholarly journals The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Polyetylene Glycol on Wheat Germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Marin SOARE ◽  
Paula IANCU ◽  
Elena BONCIU ◽  
Ovidiu PĂNIȚĂ
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wheat Germination

The present paper analyses the effect of pre-treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on germination and the growth of winter wheat seedlings in water stress conditions induced by polyetylene glycol (PEG). A two-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized projection. The first factor (A) included three levels: a1- distilled water - control; a2 - 0.25 mM SA; a3 - 0.75 mM SA and the second factor (B) included three levels: b1- distilled water; b2 - 15% PEG and b3 - 25% PEG. Biological material was represented by a DH winter wheat line. It were made observations on germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), cotyledons length (CL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI). After the analysis of the obtained results it can appreciate that the 25% PEG concentration played the main role for the significant decrease of the germination percentage (GP) and vigor index (VI). Also, seeds pre-treatment with 0.75 mM SA could be a way to improve germination characteristics in drought conditions.

scholarly journals Transfer of anti-alcoholic effect of Nux Vomica 200 cH through water from one group of toads to another under alcohol anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Nirmal Chandra Sukul ◽  
Indrani Chakraborty ◽  
Anirban Sukul ◽  
Rathin Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Polyethylene Tube ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Cotton Thread ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Large Adult

Background: A common practice is to give homeopathic medication to nursing mothers to treat their children, assuming that the drug will be conveyed by the milk. In the case of conventional treatment, the drug molecules are indeed passed on from the mother to her breastfed infant. However, high dilutions (HD) above 12 cH, i.e., over Avogadro’s number, are traditionally held to lack any molecule from the starting material. If that is the case, then, does medication taken by the mother actually reach the child? To answer to that question, we developed plant models and demonstrated the transfer of HD effects between 2 groups of plants. Aims: To demonstrate the transfer of HD effects in an animal model in a much shorter time. Methods: Two batches of toads were respectively placed in two beakers, one containing Nux vomica 200 cH diluted with water 1:500 (direct treatment), and the other the same amount of distilled water were connected by cotton thread soaked in water and encased in a polyethylene tube (connected group); a third batch of toads (control) were placed in a beaker with 90% ethanol diluted with distilled water 1:500; all the animals were left 30 minutes, and then transferred to 3 independent beakers containing 209 mM ethanol. Every 10 minutes, the motionless toads were removed from the beakers, and placed on supine position, failure to recover the upright position after 60 sec was considered as loss of the righting reflex (RR). The experiment was replicated using large adult toads. Results: The percentage of toads losing the RR increased with the time of exposure to 209 mM ethanol in the 3 groups of toads. Significant difference in the percentage distribution was found between the control and the direct treatment and connected groups on χ2 test (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively), whereby the latter required much longer time to lose the RR, and did not differed between them. In the experiment with large adult toads, the control group lost RR in 78 min, whereas the 2 treated groups did not lose RR even after 240 min. Conclusion: Nux-v 200 cH countered the hypnotic effect of alcohol in young toads, and this effect was transferred through capillary water in the cotton thread, supporting the transfer of the effect of homeopathic medication from mother to child.

scholarly journals Effect of Final Irrigation Protocol on Dentin Microhardness

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2157-2162
Author(s):  
Farah Salahalden Abbas ◽  
Nadeen Jamal Abdulredah ◽  
Amer Salman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Endodontic therapy is essentially a debridement procedure that requires the removal of the irritants of the canal and periapical tissue if success is to be gained. The debridement may include instrumentation of the canal, placement of medicament and irrigants. Complete cleaning of the root-canal system requires the use of irrigants that dissolve organic and inorganic material. The study aimed to evaluate changes in dentin microhardness after canal irrigation with different solutions. Twenty four freshly extracted human mandibular molars (distal roots with single canals) were used. 10mm root length was taken as standard length. The roots were embedded into auto polymerizing acrylic resin using plastic molds before the canals preparation and micro hardness test. The distal roots were prepared with one shape rotary file. Before the preparation each root was irrigated with 1ml distilled water. Then the roots were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation protocol: Group A: NaOCl 2.5%, Group B: EDTA 17%, Group C: Citric Acid 40%, Group D: Distilled Water. For (Vicker microhardness test) the same load and time 500 g test load for 20 seconds, will be conducted three times at distance 0.5mm from canal lumen ; thus there will be 9 indentations on each specimen surface. An average of the three readings for each test condition will be recorded as the VHN value of a specimen. Comparing all four groups statistically there was no significant difference among them. The mean values were found more reduced in EDTA group followed by NaOCL group, and then Control and Citric Acid groups. All the groups showed reduction in dentin microhardness. EDTA group showed the maximum reduction followed by NaOCL group, and least with Citric Acid group.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Enhancing Resistance to PEG-Induced Water Deficiency is Associated with the Primary Photosynthesis Reaction in Triticum aestivum L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixin Shao ◽  
Huifang Zheng ◽  
Shuangjie Jia ◽  
Yanping Jiang ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Primary Reaction ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorylated Peptides

Photosynthesis is affected by water-deficiency (WD) stress, and nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that participates in the photosynthesis process. Previous studies have suggested that NO regulates excitation-energy distribution of photosynthesis under WD stress. Here, quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling was conducted using iTRAQ. Differentially phosphorylated protein species (DEPs) were identified in leaves of NO- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated wheat seedlings (D), and in control seedlings. From 1396 unique phosphoproteins, 2257 unique phosphorylated peptides and 2416 phosphorylation sites were identified. Of these, 96 DEPs displayed significant changes (≥1.50-fold, p < 0.01). These DEPs are involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, etc. Furthermore, phosphorylation of several DEPs was upregulated by both D and NO treatments, but downregulated only in NO treatment. These differences affected the chlorophyll A–B binding protein, chloroplast post-illumination chlorophyll-fluorescence-increase protein, and SNT7, implying that NO indirectly regulated the absorption and transport of light energy in photosynthesis in response to WD stress. The significant difference of chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl a fluorescence-transient, photosynthesis index, and trapping and transport of light energy further indicated that exogenous NO under D stress enhanced the primary photosynthesis reaction compared to D treatment. A putative pathway is proposed to elucidate NO regulation of the primary reaction of photosynthesis under WD.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola ElZein ◽  
fadi Abdel Sater ◽  
Soha Fakhreddine ◽  
Pierre Abi Hanna ◽  
Rita Feghali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Virucidal Efficacy

Abstract Background. The oral cavity is potentially high-risk transmitter of COVID-19. Antimicrobial mouthrinses are used in many clinical pre procedural situations for prophylactic purposes. An evident-based investigation for an effective mouthwash solution against salivary SARS-CoV-2 is urgently required for the exposure reduction during dental procedures. Aims. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo virucidal efficacy of 2 mouthwashes: 1% Povidone-iodine and 0.2% Chlorhexidine as a dental preprocedural oral disinfection against salivary SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods. In this randomized-controlled clinical trial, studied group comprised laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients through nasopharyngeal swabs. Participants were divided into 3 groups. For 30 seconds, group A gargled with 1% Povidone-iodine, group B mouthrinsed with 0.2% Chlorhexidine and control group C mouthrinsed with distilled water. Saliva samples were collected before and 5 minutes after mouthwash. SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was then performed for each sample. Evaluation of the efficacy was based on difference in Ct value. The analysis of data was carried out using GraphPad Prism version 5 for Windows. Paired t test and unpaired t test were used. A probability value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results. Sixty-one compliant participants (36 female and 25 male) with a mean age 45.3 plusmn 16.7 years-old were enrolled. A significant mean Ct value difference (p < 0.0001) between the paired samples in group A (n = 25) and also in group B (n = 27) (p < 0.0001) was found. In contrast, no significant difference (p = 0.566) existed before and after the experiment in the control group C (n = 9). Moreover, a significant difference was noted between the delta Ct of distilled water wash and each of the 2 solutions 1 % Povidone-iodine (p = 0.012) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% (p = 0.0024). No significant difference was found between the delta Ct of patients using 1% Povidone-iodine and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solutions (p = 0.24). Conclusion. Chlorhexidine 0.2% and 1% Povidone-iodine oral solutions are effective preprocedural mouthwashes against salivary SARS-COV-2 in dental treatments. Their use as a preventive strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 during dental practice should be systematically implemented.

scholarly journals Genotype difference in the physiological characteristics of phosphorus acquisition by wheat seedlings in alkaline soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Author(s):  
Lianhe Zhang ◽  
Feiyan Yu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaokai Gao ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Proton Secretion ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genotype Difference ◽  
The Difference

Phosphorus (P) in soils occurs predominately as insoluble inorganic P and organic P. However, key factors controlling P acquisition by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings are unclear. In this study, the difference in the physiological characteristics of P acquisition in alkaline soils was investigated in wheat seedlings of two cultivars Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 22. The results indicated that the shoot P concentration of Aikang 58 was significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 22 when supplied with 0 and 70 kg/ha of pure P under field conditions. When cultured in sterile nutrition solutions with equimolar amounts of P corresponding to KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for 6 days, the P concentration in the shoots and roots of the seedlings of Aikang 58 was significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 22. However, the P concentration of seedlings of Aikang 58 did not exhibit a significant difference than that of Zhoumai 22 when cultured in phytic acid solution. Further studies suggested that the proton secretion rate was higher, and the root phosphatase activity was significantly lower in Aikang 58 compared with those in Zhoumai 22. After 48 h of successive P starvation, the inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>) uptake rate of Aikang 58 was significantly higher compared with that of Zhoumai 22. However, no significant differences existed in the root morphology between the two cultivars. Hence, the higher P acquisition in the wheat seedlings of Aikang 58 was attributed to a higher rate of proton secretion and a stronger capacity for P<sub>i</sub> uptake.  

scholarly journals Chronic toxicological effects of ultradiluted solutions of Aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli Lineu) on healthy mice: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Marcia CBN Varricchio ◽  
Cristiane Pereira ◽  
Fernanda Sales ◽  
Teresa Gomes ◽  
Elaine Daudt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Induce Tumor Regression ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Preliminary Study

The latex extracted from Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant popularly known as Aveloz, is used in complementary medicine to induce tumor regression. However, as this latex has toxic effects when administered orally in ponderal doses, the present study was designed to assess the effects of high dilutions in healthy mice over a period of 18 weeks. The Aveloz latex-high diluted solutions (latex-HD) were obtained through the interaction of two processes: 1:100 dilution in mass and succussion, using ethanol 70% as a solvent, in the homeopathic dilutions of 5, 15 and 30cH, following Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Control solutions without latex were compounded (ethanolic-HD) in the same dilutions and were administered simultaneously. The animals which received latex-HD 30cH showed a significant increase in food consumption (p < 0.05) without significant difference in weight gain. In regards to water consumption, no statistical difference was shown when different Aveloz latex-HD groups were compared, apart from the group that received 1 drop of pure latex in water, which presented a significant increase (p < 0.05) in this parameter. Keywords: Euphorbia tirucalli; Aveloz; Toxicology; High Dilutions; Mice.   Efeitos toxicológicos crônicos de altas diluições de Aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) em camundongos sadios: estudo preliminar. Resumo O látex extraído de Euphorbia tirucalli, planta conhecida popularmente como Aveloz, é utilizado em medicina complementar para induzir regressão tumoral. No entanto, como este látex tem efeitos tóxicos quando administrado por via oral em doses ponderais, este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar os efeitos de altas diluições do mesmo em camundongos sadios por um período de 18 semanas. As altas diluições do látex do Aveloz (látex-HD) foram obtidas através da interação de dois processos: diluição 1:100 em massa e sucussão, utilizando etanol 70% como solvente, nas diluições homeopáticas 5, 15 e 30cH, de acordo com a Famracopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Soluções de controle sem o látex (etanol-HD) foram compostas nas mesmas diluições e ministradas simultaneamente. Os animais que receberam látex-HD 30cH mostraram aumento significativo no consumo de alimento (p < 0,05) sem diferença significativa em ganho de peso. A respeito do consumo de água, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos látex-HD, enquanto que o grupo que recebeu 1 gota de látex puro em água apresentou aumento significativo neste parâmetro (p < 0,05). Palavras-chave: Euphorbia tirucalli; Aveloz; Toxicologia; Altas diluições; Camundongos.   Efectos toxicológicos crónicos de altas diluciones de Euphorbia tirucalli en ratones sanos: estudio preliminar. Resumen El látex extraído de Euphorbia tirucalli, planta conocida popularmente como arbusto de goma, es utilizado en medicina complementaria para la inducción de regresiones tumorales. Como este látex produce efectos tóxicos cuando es administrado por vía oral en dosis ponderales, este estudio fue diseñado para evaluar los efectos de altas diluciones de éste en ratones sanos, durante 18 semanas. Las altas diluciones del látex de E. tirucalli (látex-HD) fueron preparadas mediante la interacción de dos procesos: dilución 1:100 en masa y sucusión, utilizando etanol 70% como solvente en las diluciones homeopáticas 5, 15 y 30cH, según la Farmacopea Homeopática Brasileña. Soluciones de control, sin látex (etanol-HD) fueron compuestas en estas mismas diluciones y administradas simultáneamente. Los animales que recibieron látex-HD 30cH mostraron un aumento significativo del consumo de alimento (p < 0,05), sin diferencias significativas de aumento de peso. Respecto al consumo de agua, no fueron observadas diferencias significativas en los varios grupos látex-HD, mientras que el grupo de recibió 1 gota de látex puro en agua presentó aumento significativo en este parámetro (p < 0,05). Palabras-clave: Euphorbia tirucalli; Aveloz; Toxicologií; Altas diluciones; Ratones.   Correspondence author: Carla Holandino Quaresma, [email protected] How to cite this article: Varricchio MCBN, Pereira C, Sales F, Gomes T, Daudt E, Aquino CL, Barbosa GM, Gomes N, Pyrrho AS, Hobaica PEM, Branco MC, Kuster R, Holandino C. Chronic toxicological effects of high diluted solutions of Aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) on healthy mice: a preliminary study. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(25): 174-178. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/308/371.  

scholarly journals "Ultra-high Dilution" 1994 revisited 2014: Follow up of experiments and theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
PC Endler ◽  
Jurgen Schulte ◽  
Beate Stock Schroeer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
General Survey ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: “Research in ultra-high dilutions, and the interaction of ultra-high dilutions and living systems, has reached a level of quality and popularity that it is about to be taken seriously by current … sciences …” the editors wrote in their introduction to “Ultra High Dilution. Physiology and Physics”, published by Kluwer (now Springer) in 19941. Back then, this anthology assembled contributions of leading scientists in fundamental and clinical research on homeopathy. Over the following two decades, it became widely quoted within the homeopathic community and also known in other research communities. Aim: To re-visit and review the 1994 studies in biology, physics, biophysics and clinics from the perspective of 2014. Methods: As a rule, the original authors from 1994 or closed laboratory colleagues were asked to contribute papers covering their research efforts and learnings in the period from1994 up to 2014. These contributions were a) edited and cross-referenced and b) peer reviewed via the Elsevier Electronic System in preparation of a special issue of the journal “Homeopathy”, London, to appear in October 2015. Results: Part 1 (Biology) includes chapters • on dose-dependent hormesis effects in low and very low doses by Menachem Oberbaum, who was also the author on this topic in 1994; • on further results on the “classical” model with wheat and an ultra high dilution (UHD) of a silver salt by Waltraud Scherer-Pongratz, also author in 1994, et al.; on the model with highland amphibians and an UHD of the hormone thyroxine by Christian Endler, also author in 1994, et al.; and on a new model derived from the latter two, combining wheat and a plant hormone by Scherer-Pongratz and Endler; • on a botanical and a zoological survey on high dilution research by the new contributors Tim Jäger, Stephan Baumgartner et al. and Leoni Bonamin et al., as well as a survey on immunological research by Bernard Poitevin, also author in 1994. • on UHD research from the laboratory of Madeleine Bastide, decedée, now pursued by Bonamin, and from the laboratory of Jacques Benveniste, decedé, now pursued by Yoléne Thomas; Part 2 (Biophysics) includes chapters • on effects of homeopathic medicines in closed vials by Roeland van Wijk, also author in 1994, et al.; • on electromagnetic and magentic vector potential bio-information and water by Cyril Smith, also author in 1994; Part 3 (Physics) includes chapters • on investigation topics, models and theories presented by various authors in 1994, followed up by Jurgen Schulte; • on experimental methods by Schulte, also author in 1994; • on the recent discussion on the theory of entanglement by Schulte Part 4 (Clinics) includes chapters • on provings of UHDs on healthy volunteers by Harald Walach, also author in 1994; • on a review by Robert Mathie of clinical research on homeopathy, as a follow-up to Max Haidvogl’s contribution (Haidvogl being happily retired) referring to Klaus Linde in 1994. Furthermore, • a contribution on quality and standards of reporting in homeopathy research was added by Beate Stock-Schroer, • a bibliographic survey on repetitions of experiments on UHDs by Endler et al. was included, • the outlook on “preliminary elements of a theory on UHDs” from 1994 was updated by the editors; • and Marco Righetti, as well as Peter Fisher, also contributors in 1994, wrote prefaces. Conclusion: “Ultra High Dilution revisited”, the special issue of “Homeopathy”, October 2015, may be seen as a “buena vista social club” of homeopathy researchers 1994 (luckily supported by younger colleagues), as a disclosure of new results on the old models (what happened between 1994 and 2014?), as well as a general survey on the state of UHD research.

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