scholarly journals Evidence on the stability of histone H1.a polymorphic variants during selection in quail

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kowalski ◽  
Sebastian Knaga
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Relative Variable ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The goal of this work was to check whether selection for quantitative traits may cause a change in the histone H1 allelic complement and whether it can therefore be considered a modulator of histone H1-dependent chromatin functioning. For this purpose, a fluctuation of histone H1.a polymorphic variants was analyzed among a non-selected (control) quail line and the line selected for a high cholesterol content in the egg yolk. The histone H1.a was found to be polymorphic due to its differential migration rate in the AU-PAGE (acetic acid–urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Based on this, two H1.a isoforms (H1.a1 and H1.a2) that form three phenotypes (a1, a2 and a1a2) were distinguished in the quail lines tested. A comparably expressed (p > 0. 05) and low relative variable (coefficient of variation, CV  < 0. 25) histone H1.a phenotypes were in agreement with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both the non-selected (χ2 = 1. 29, p = 0. 25) and selected (χ2 = 1. 9, p = 0. 16) quail line. The similarity among quail lines was assessed based on the equal distribution of histone H1.a phenotypes (χ2 = 1. 63, p = 0. 44) and alleles (χ2 = 0. 018, p = 0. 89) frequency in both quail lines tested. This indicates that selection does not affect the histone H1.a polymorphic variants. The stability of histone H1.a during selection might suggest that likely chromatin processes coupled to the selected trait are not linked to the activity of histone H1.a.

Cholesterol in Serum and Lipoprotein Fractions

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Anderson ◽  
Ancel Keys
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract 1. Methods are described for the separation, by paper electrophoresis and by cold ethanol, of α- and β-lipoproteins in 0.1 ml. of serum, with subsequent analysis of cholesterol in the separated portions. 2. It is shown that both methods of separation yield separated fractions containing substantially the same amounts of cholesterol. 3. Detailed data are given on the errors of measurement for total cholesterol and for cholesterol in the separated lipoprotein fractions. 4. Studies are reported on the stability of cholesterol in stored serum and on paper electrophoresis strips. It is shown that simple drying on filter paper causes no change in cholesterol content and yields a product that is stable for many weeks at ordinary room temperature. 5. The sources of variability in human serum cholesterol values are examined and it is shown that spontaneous intraindividual variability is a much greater source of error than the errors of measurement with these methods.

Mitotic arrest caused by the amino terminus of Xenopus cyclin B2

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1480-1488
Author(s):  
H M van der Velden ◽  
M J Lohka
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Truncated Protein ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Egg Extracts ◽  
The Stability

Progression through mitosis requires the inactivation of the protein kinase activity of the p34cdc2-cyclin complex by a mechanism involving the degradation of cyclin. We have examined the stability in Xenopus egg extracts of radiolabeled Xenopus or sea urchin B-type cyclins synthesized in reticulocyte lysates. Xenopus cyclin B2 and sea urchin cyclin B were stable in metaphase extracts from unfertilized eggs but were specifically degraded following addition of Ca2+ to the extracts. The degradation of either cyclin was inhibited by the addition of an excess of unlabeled Xenopus cyclin B2 but not by the addition of a number of control proteins. A truncated protein containing only the amino terminus of Xenopus cyclin B2, including sequences known to be essential for cyclin degradation in other species, also inhibited cyclin degradation, even though the truncated protein was stable in extracts following Ca2+ addition. The addition of the truncated protein did not stimulate histone H1 kinase activity in extracts but prevented the loss of H1 kinase activity that normally follows Ca2+ addition to metaphase extracts. When the amino-terminal fragment was added to extracts capable of several cell cycles in vitro, progression through the first mitosis was inhibited and elevated histone H1 kinase activity was maintained. These results indicate that although the amino terminus of cyclin does not contain all of the information necessary for cyclin destruction, it is capable of interacting with components of the cyclin destruction pathway and thereby preventing the degradation of full-length cyclins.

scholarly journals Variation of egg proteins between bird varieties by using SDS-PAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Questan Amin ◽  
Hemn Zhahir ◽  
Ahmed Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
Egg White Proteins ◽  
Sds Page

Proteins are essential constituents of all organisms; both egg white proteins and egg yolk are source of protein. The aim of this study was conducted to perform preliminary studies to analyses and compare egg white proteins and yolk proteins from different avian species (guineafowl, dwarf hens, local hen, Shami, turkey, duck, geese, partridge and quail) via or with SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ). 18 Fresh eggs of different poultry species (guineafowl, dwarf hens, local hen, Shami, turkey, duck, geese, partridge and quail) were collected from various farms in the Sulaimani province. Data on egg proteins were analyzed using Statistical Xlstate used for dendrogram construction and PCA. The main egg white proteins were Ovomicin, Ovotransferrin, Ovalbumin, Flavoprotein, α- chymotrypsinogen, and Trypsin inhibitor. The main lipoproteins were Apovitellenin VI, Apovitellenin Vb, Apovitellenin V, Apovitellenin IIIa, Apovitellenin III, Apovitellin 7, B-Livetin, Apovitellenin IIa, Apovitellenin II, and Apovitellenin I. All these lipoproteins were observed in the nine birds species. The egg white proteins and yolk lipoproteins for nine species were examined. It can be concluded the large differences were found in a mount of egg white proteins and yolk lipoproteins of the nine species of birds.

Selection for soyabeans with high and environmentally stable lutein concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S12-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Hari Dhakal ◽  
Myoung-Gun Choung ◽  
Young-Sun Hwang ◽  
Felix B. Fritschi ◽  
J. Grover Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Objective ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Lutein has significant nutritional benefits for human health. Therefore, enhancing soybean lutein concentrations is an important breeding objective. However, selection for soybeans with high and environmentally stable lutein concentrations has been limited. The objectives of this study were to select soybeans with high seed lutein concentrations and to determine the stability of lutein concentrations across environments. A total of 314 genotypes were screened and 18 genotypes with high lutein concentrations and five genotypes with low lutein concentrations were selected for further examination. These 23 genotypes and two check varieties were evaluated under six environments (two planting dates for 2 years at one location and two planting dates for 1 year at another location). Lutein concentrations were influenced by genotype, environment and genotype × environment interactions. Genotypes with late maturity and low lutein concentrations were more stable than those with early maturity and high concentrations. Early (May) planting resulted in greater lutein concentrations than late (June) planting. Among the genotypes evaluated, PI603423B (7.7 μg/g) and PI89772 (5.8 μg/g) had the greatest mean lutein concentrations and exhibited medium and high stability across the six environments, respectively. Thus, these genotypes may be useful for breeding soybeans with high and stable seed lutein concentrations.

Stability indicatrices of nonnegative matrices and some of their applications in problems of biology and epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Valery N. Razzhevaikin
Keyword(s):  
Nonnegative Matrix ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Nonnegative Matrices ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Optimality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Series Of Functions

Abstract The method of constructing a stability indicatrix of a nonnegative matrix having the form of a polynomial of its coefficients is presented. The algorithm of construction and conditions of its applicability are specified. The applicability of the algorithm is illustrated on examples of constructing the stability indicatrix for a series of functions widely used in simulation of the dynamics of discrete biological communities, for solving evolutionary optimality problems arising in biological problems of evolutionary selection, for identification of the conditions of the pandemic in a distributed host population.

EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM AND PLATELET GLYCOPROTEINS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Jabbal-Gill ◽  
G I Johnston ◽  
S Heptinstall
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ca Depletion

Platelet membrane glycoproteins lib and Ilia form Ca++-dependent heterodimer complexes that contain binding sites for fibrinogen and therefore are relevant to the ability of platelets to aggregate together. In this study we investigated the effects of extracellular Ca++ on the stability and expression of IIb-IIIa complexes using a IIb-IIIa complex-specific monoclonal antibody M148. Its specificity was examined using crossed immunoelectrophoresis: the antibody reacted only with intact IIb-IIIa complexes and not with either glycoprotein alone.SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates of soluble glycoproteins that interacted with Ml48 showed that lib and Ilia were present as complexes in Ca++-depleted media at 25°C, pH7.4. However, Ca++-depletion at 37°C, pH7.4 or 37°C, pH8.7 or 25°C, pH8.7 caused dissociation of the complexThe effect of extracellular Ca++ on the expression of IIb-Illa complexes on the surface of intact platelets was studied by a technique which is based upon indirect binding of M148 using a fluorescent- labelled second antibody (FITC-RAM) and measuring the fluorescence per platelet using the FACS IV cytofluorometer. Intact platelets were incubated in Ca++-depleted media at 25°C, pH7.4 or 37°C, pH7.4 either (i) prior to or (ii) after adding M148. At 25°C increased M148-binding was observed, compared to the value prior to Ca++-depletion. This increased binding could be reversed by adding Ca++ back to the preparation. Under condition (i) at 37°C a marked decrease in M148 binding was observed, which could not be reversed by restoring Ca++, while under condition (ii) at 37°C the results were the same as at 25°C.Our studies demonstrate that (a) Ca++-depletion at 37°C and/or alkaline pH causes dissociation of the Ilb-IIIa complex (b) Ca++ depletion at 25°C possibly alters distribution of the complexes thereby increasing their availability to the antibody and (c) M148 prevents the dissociation of complexes in Ca++-depleted media at 37°C, possibly by holding lib and Ilia together

scholarly journals Prevalence of Some Genetic Risk Factors for Nicotine Dependence in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vitalina Bashynska ◽  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Kateryna Murlanova ◽  
Oksana Zahorodnia ◽  
Yuliia Borysovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Strong Risk Factor ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
European Populations

Tobacco smoking is known to be a strong risk factor for developing many diseases. The development and severity of smoking dependence results from interaction of environmental and lifestyle factors, psycho-emotional predispositions, and also from genetic susceptibility. In present study, we investigated polymorphic variants in genes contributed to nicotine dependence, as well as to increased impulsivity, known to be an important risk factor for substance use disorders, in Ukraine population. The genotype frequencies at CYP2A6, DNMT3B, DRD2, HTR2A, COMT, BDNF, GABRA2, CHRNA5, and DAT1 polymorphisms were determined in 171 Ukraine residents, and these data were compared with data for several other European populations and main ethnic groups. It has been found that genotype frequencies for all studied loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Ukrainian population and correspond to the respective frequencies in European populations. These findings suggest a similar impact of these loci on nicotine dependence in Ukraine. Further studies with larger sample sizes are, however, needed to draw firm conclusions about the effect size of these polymorphisms.

A status of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) population transferred from wildlife to the breeding assessed based on the histone H1.c’ polymorphic variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
First Time ◽  
Heterozygous Phenotype

The genetic changes accompanying a relocation of population to the captivity are mostly adverse and usually associated with deterioration of its status. These alterations are greater in small populations in which a loss of genetic variation limits the capability to adaptation. In this work, a status of small-sized guinea fowl and pheasant population relocated to the breeding is presented. These populations were analyzed based on the polymorphism of histone H1.c’, the protein for the first time identified as a heterogeneous. Histone H1.c’ was resolved in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel into the isoform H1.c’1 and H1.c’2, so its heterogeneity corresponds to the presence of homozygous phenotypes c’1 and c’2. Because no histone H1.c’ heterozygous phenotype was found, a significant phenotypic diversity in the guinea fowl ( P = 0.023) and pheasant ( P = 0.018) population was detected, together with its departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P < 0.0001). Both populations characterize an extreme loss of genetic diversity due to complete inbreeding ( F = 1) and an impact of genetic drift which, according to the expected values for guinea fowl (0.192) and pheasant (0.182) population, may strongly diminish allele frequency in the following generations. Thus, condition of populations evaluated based on the histone H1.c’ polymorphic variants, recognized as reasonable informative genetic markers (polymorphism information content of guinea fowl = 0.4 and pheasant = 0.38), corresponds to reduction of genetic variability caused by inbreeding and genetic drift. Therefore, it seems that rearing in the captivity can bring negative effects that favor restriction of animals’ vitality and survival of the population.

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