scholarly journals Relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations and body trait measurements and climatic factors in prepubertal goat kids

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Erkan Pehlivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Angora Goat

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate relations between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations and some body trait measurements (body weight, withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, chest girth and cannon bone circumference) and climatic factors in prepubertal male and female White (75 % Saanen and 25 % Kilis goat) and Angora goat kids. For this purpose, blood samples were regularly taken from the vena jugularis, and body trait measurements were regularly carried out (every 15 d for 5 months) on each kid. The IGF-1 analysis on the blood serum was performed using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Climatic values and the length of the photoperiod were obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service for the experimental period, and the temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated using these values. Statistical analysis showed that the IGF-1 concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in female White goat kids. Furthermore, differences in IGF-1 concentrations were found (P<0.05) between periods and between the gender groups for both the White and the Angora goat kids. Moreover, the difference between the IGF-1 concentrations between genders was higher (P<0.05) in White goat kids. Additionally, positive and significant correlations were found between IGF-1 concentrations and some body trait measurements in prepubertal kids, except for in female White goat kids. In summary, it was found that there was a significant relationship between IGF-1 concentrations and growth characteristics of the goat kids. Furthermore, IGF-1 concentrations in the goat kids were significantly influenced by climatic factors such as photoperiod, temperature and the temperature–humidity index, with the release of IGF-1 increasing due to increases in the photoperiod and the environmental temperature.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of pp120 (Ceacam 1) on the Mitogenic Action of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Are Regulated by the Nonconserved Tyrosine 1316 in the Insulin Receptor

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3896-3905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Soni ◽  
Montaha Lakkis ◽  
Matthew N. Poy ◽  
Mats A. Fernström ◽  
Sonia M. Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Mitogenic Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Differential Phosphorylation

ABSTRACT pp120 (Ceacam 1) undergoes ligand-stimulated phosphorylation by the insulin receptor, but not by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). This differential phosphorylation is regulated by the C terminus of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor, the least conserved domain of the two receptors. In the present studies, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis in stably transfected hepatocytes derived from insulin receptor knockout mice (IR−/−) revealed that Tyr1316, which is replaced by the nonphosphorylatable phenylalanine in IGF-1R, regulated the differential phosphorylation of pp120 by the insulin receptor. Similarly, the nonconserved Tyr1316 residue also regulated the differential effect of pp120 on IGF-1 and insulin mitogenesis, with pp120 downregulating the growth-promoting action of insulin, but not that of IGF-1. Thus, it appears that pp120 phosphorylation by the insulin receptor is required and sufficient to mediate its downregulatory effect on the mitogenic action of insulin. Furthermore, the current studies revealed that the C terminus of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor contains elements that suppress the mitogenic action of insulin. Because IR−/− hepatocytes are derived from liver, an insulin-targeted tissue, our observations have finally resolved the controversy about the role of the least-conserved domain of insulin and IGF-1Rs in mediating the difference in the mitogenic action of their ligands, with IGF-1 being more mitogenic than insulin.

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermal Stress on Serum Biochemical Profile in Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Autukait ◽  
I. Poškienė ◽  
V. Juozaitienė ◽  
R. Antanaitis ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Suffolk Sheep

Background: Climatic factors, such as high temperature, high relative humidity, can induce a thermal stress in animals. The phenomenon of mammalian sensitivity to thermal stress, especially in small ruminants, is widely reported in the literature. The present study aimed to analyze temperature and humidity effects on serum metabolic profile and cortisol concentration in sheep. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 40 adult, non-lactating and non-pregnant Suffolk sheep from December 2018 to December 2019. The subgroups were formed by age (two groups): twenty sheep were about 1.5 years old (Group 1) and other twenty - about 3 years old (Group 2). Based on the value of the temperature-humidity index, the following three subgroups were formed: 1) temperature humidity index ≥20; 2) 20 greater than temperature-humidity index greater than 10 and 3) temperature-humidity index less than 10. Blood cortisol concentration and biochemical parameters were measured once per month on the same day, in identical animals. Result: The analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that Group 2 showed significantly higher values for creatinine, phosphorus, zinc and cortisol. All blood indicators, except iron, phosphorus and total bilirubin, were dependent on THI concentration. The highest positive correlation coefficient of cortisol was calculated with urea and total protein. It is concluded that both cortisol and biochemical parameters play a significant role in thermal stress reactions in the Suffolk sheep.

Activation of insulin-like growth factor gene expression during work-induced skeletal muscle growth

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. E89-E95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. DeVol ◽  
P. Rotwein ◽  
J. L. Sadow ◽  
J. Novakofski ◽  
P. J. Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Igf I

We have investigated the hypothesis that there is local regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression during skeletal muscle growth. Compensatory hypertrophy was induced in the soleus, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle, and plantaris, a fast-twitch muscle, in 11- to 12-wk-old female Wistar rats by unilateral cutting of the distal gastrocnemius tendon. Animals were killed 2, 4, or 8 days later, and muscles of the nonoperated leg served as controls. Muscle weight increased throughout the experimental period, reaching 127% (soleus) or 122% (plantaris) of control values by day 8. In both growing muscles, IGF-I mRNA, quantitated by a solution-hybridization nuclease-protection assay, rose by nearly threefold on day 2 and remained elevated throughout the experimental period. IGF-II mRNA levels also increased over controls. A more dramatic response was seen in hypophysectomized rats, where IGF-I mRNA levels rose by 8- to 13-fold, IGF-II values by 3- to 7-fold, and muscle mass increased on day 8 to 149% (soleus) or 133% (plantaris) of the control contralateral limb. These results indicate that signals propagated during muscle hypertrophy enhance the expression of both IGF genes, that modulation of IGF-I mRNA levels can occur in the absence of growth hormone, and that locally produced IGF-I and IGF-II may play a role in skeletal muscle growth.

scholarly journals Dietetic supplementation of weaning piglets with caramel plant wastewater: growth and components of the insulin-like growth factor axis

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Melvin Pagán ◽  
María de los M. Soltero ◽  
María d el P. Díaz ◽  
Carmen Santana ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Circulating Levels

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs -II and -III) in response to a 10% inclusion of caramel plant wastewater (CPWW) in weaning pig diets; the objective was to assess associations between those growthrelated proteins to feed intake (Fl) and body weight gain (BWG). Sixteen purebred Landrace piglets were randomly distributed among eight pens (a gilt and boar per pen) and assigned to one of two treatments: 0% (control) and 10% inclusion of CPWW. During four consecutive weeks, live weight and Fl were recorded. Blood samples were drawn by jugular venipuncture during the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment and serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-II and IGFBP-III were determined. Feed intake, BWG and feed efficiency (FE) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the addition of 10% CPWW tothe diet, nor was animal health status visibly affected. Serum IGF-I levels were higher in control animals (P < 0.05) and increased from d 14 to d 28 of the experimental period (P < 0.05). Weekly increases were observed for IGFBP- III (P < 0.05) whereas IGFBP-II circulating levels decreased from d 14 to d 28 of the post-weaning test period. Simple correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive association between circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-III (r = 0.88; P < 0.0001). However, the opposite was observed between these two and IGFBP-II (r = -0.84, P < 0.0001; r = -0.67, P < 0.0025, respectively). The changes observed in circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-III and IGFBP-II were associated with weekly increases in Fl and BWG that occurred during the entire experimental period (P < 0.05). 

Comparison of the effects of administration of recombinant bovine growth hormone or N-Met insulin-like growth factor-I to lactating goats

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Davis ◽  
P. D. Gluckman ◽  
S. C. Hodgkinson ◽  
V. C. Farr ◽  
B. H. Breier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Sustained Increase

ABSTRACT Five goats were injected with GH (15 mg/day), three goats received systemic infusions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (43 nmol/h) and four goats received systemic infusions of physiological saline (20 ml/h) on days 4–6 of a 10-day experimental period during mid-lactation. Milk yield increased by an average of 24% in GH-treated goats by the time of the third injection. In contrast, milk yield of IGF-I-infused goats did not differ from saline-infused animals although two of three goats did show a small increase (12%) after 36 h of IGF-I infusion. With GH and IGF-I treatments plasma IGF-I concentrations increased similarly, reaching maxima of 100–130 nmol/l within 24 h. Plasma IGF-I concentration was relatively constant in saline-infused goats at about 50 nmol/l throughout the experiment. Total IGF-I bound to 50 kDa and 150 kDa binding proteins in plasma was increased by GH and IGF-I treatments but, in contrast to IGF-I, GH increased the proportion of IGF-I bound to 150 kDa binding protein. In a second experiment, four goats received systemic infusion of IGF-I (43 nmol/h) and four goats received systemic infusion of physiological saline (20 ml/h). There was no evidence that milk yield was changed during IGF-I infusion. However, when those goats which had previously received IGF-I infusions were injected with GH, milk yield increased by 30%. While the increment in plasma IGF-I concentration during IGF-I infusion was similar to that obtained in the first experiment, the IGF-I response to GH injection was much greater, plasma concentrations rising to 230 nmol/l. The data show a lack of milk yield response in goats whose plasma IGF-I concentrations were increased by IGF-I administration. Systemic infusion of IGF-I appears to be ineffective as a means of procuring a sustained increase in milk production. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 33–39

Follicle populations, ovulation rates and profiles of gonadotropins, inhibin and insulin-like growth factor-1 of heifers actively immunized against androstenedione and inhibin, separately or in combination

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
S. R. Schemm ◽  
B. D. Schanbacher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Secretion Rates

AbstractFour groups of 20 Simmental cross heifers were actively immunized against human serum albumin (control, (C), androstenedione (A), a 30 amino acid synthetic fragment of porcine inhibin alpha (I) or A and I in combination (AI). At the time of the third and final antigen injection and again 2 weeks later, all animals were injected with synthetic prostaglandin F2α (PG) to synchronize oestrus. Concentrations of LH, FSH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and inhibin (C and A heifers only) in serum samples collected twice daily during 3 days before the second PG injection and at 15-min intervals from 24 to 32 h after PG injection were determined. Two weeks later, all heifers were administered PG and ovariectomized 24 h later. Ovarian follicles were dissected from the stroma, measured and cultured in medium 199 for 2h at 37°C. Numbers of small (3·0 to 7·9 mm diameter) and large (>8·0 mm diameter) follicles were not significantly altered by any of the immunization treatments. Intrafollicular concentrations and secretion rates of oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone and inhibin, determined in vitro, were not affected by immunization. Intrafollicular IGF-1 concentrations were not affected; this hormone was not detectable in the culture medium. Intrafollicular concentrations of oestrogen and testosterone and secretion rates of all three steroids were greater (P < 0·05) in animals which had regressing corpora lutea at the time of ovariectomy. Of the animals that had dominant follicles, one of 17, one of 13, four of 19 and six of 15 in the C, A, I and AI groups, respectively, had two or more. Only the difference between AI and C cows in the incidence of dominant follicles was statistically significant (P < 0·05). Mean circulating concentrations of LH, and inhibin (C and A groups only) and mean LH pulse frequency and pulse amplitude were unaffected by treatment but FSH concentrations were higher in A (P < 0·001) and lower in AI and I heifers (P < 0·001) compared with C animals while IGF-1 concentrations were lower in A heifers (P < 0·001) and higher in AI heifers (P < 0·05) compared with C heifers. It is concluded that immunization against inhibin, either alone or in combination with immunization against androstenedione increased the incidence of multiple dominant follicles in heifers but did not increase their ovulation rate.

scholarly journals The relationship between temperature and humidity outside and inside the permanently open-sided cow’s barn

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljan Erbez ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Gustav Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research was to estimate relations between temperature and humidity outside and inside of a permanently open sides barn for cows. This study was carried out in the period fromFe­brua­ry 1st, 2009 to January 31st, 2010 at a commercial dairy farm located in the South-Moravian region of the Czech Republic. During the study period temperature and humidity inside and outside the barn were systematically assessed. The research batch had 98 ± 3 cows. The barn had permanently open sides and during summer the main doors were mostly open. The cows in the research barn were of Czech Fleckvieh breed. The air temperature (°C) and humidity (%) were measured every fifteen minutes during the whole study period using 4 data loggers (HOBO technology; RH/Temp/), out of which were three (L1, L2 and L3), located inside the barn (Figure 1) and one (L0) outside the barn. The values of temperature-humidity index (THI) were calculated using the equation proposed by HAHN (1999). Mean daily outside and inside temperatures corresponded with each other, with outside temperatures always being lower than inside temperatures. The difference between the inside and outside temperature was lowest in March (0.01 °C) and highest in October (3.48 °C). Mean values of humidity outside and inside also corresponded; however, they were sometimes higher outside and sometimes inside the barn. The smallest difference between the inside and outside humidity was recorded in August (0.18 %) and the greatest in March (13.21 %). Mean values of temperature-humidity index (THI) inside and outside the barn also corresponded, with outside values being in most cases lower than inside values. The difference between inside and outside THI values was lowest in December (0.07) and highest in October (5.96). The mutual relationships between the values recorded by individual loggers were very close (including the outside logger). Slightly weaker was the relationship between L2 and other, both outside and inside, loggers.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk among Arab Omani Women: A Case-Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S9784
Author(s):  
Kawthar Al-Ajmi ◽  
Shyam S. Ganguly ◽  
Adil Al-Ajmi ◽  
Zahid Al Mandhari ◽  
Mansour S. Al-Moundhri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Ca Repeat ◽  
Repeat Allele ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with significant global burden. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and mitogenic and antiapoptotic activities. Some studies suggested an association between cytosine adenine (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms of IGF1 and the risk of developing breast cancer while other studies did not find such an association. This study aims investigate the role of IGF1 (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms in the risk of developing breast cancer among Omani women. Methods We analyzed (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms of IGF1 by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 147 patients with breast cancer and 134 control participants and performed genotyping using DNA sequencing. Results Approximately 46% of patients carried the IGF (CA)19 repeat allele, with 31.3% carrying two copies of this allele and 50% of controls carried the IGF (CA)19 repeat allele with 30.1% carrying two copies of this allele. The difference of the IGF CA repeat groups was significant between cases and controls with ( P = 0.02). In contrast, there was no difference in the distribution of (CA)19 repeat allele, (CA)18 repeat allele and (CA)19 repeat allele between cases and controls. The difference of the CA groups was significant between cases and controls among postmenopausal women with ( P = 0.026), whereas no difference was observed among postmenopausal subjects ( P = 0.429). In both pre- and postmenopausal groups there was no difference in the distribution of (CA)19 repeat allele, (CA)18 repeat allele and (CA)20 repeat allele between patients and control subjects. On further IGF1 genotypes classification, we found an association between progesterone receptor status and the genotypes group where the non carrier of (CA)19 repeat group was compared to (CA)19 repeat carrier group (OR = 2.482; 95% CI = 1.119–5.503; P value = 0.023). Conclusion Overall there was no association between the IGF (CA)19 repeat and breast cancer in Omani females.

Growing goats of different sexes have distinct metabolic responses to continuous feed restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Nhayandra C. D. Silva ◽  
Carla J. Härter ◽  
Fernanda O. M. Figueiredo ◽  
Rafael F. Leite ◽  
José M. Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Goats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of sex on the hormonal and metabolic changes in growing goats subjected to levels of feed restriction. We used 72 Saanen kids, including 24 intact males, 24 castrated males and 24 females with initial bodyweight of 15.76 ± 0.174 kg and initial age of 108.4 ± 18.86 days respectively. A split-plot design was employed (3 sexes = intact males, castrated males, and females; 3 levels of feed restriction = 0% (ad libitum), 25% and 50%). Groups of three goat kids were formed by sex (each goat eating one level of feed restriction); goats of each group were slaughtered when animals fed ad libitum reached 30 kg bodyweight. Fat and protein deposition were calculated by the difference between the determinations performed on samples of homogenates of control animals slaughtered at the start of the experiment and the experimental animals. Blood samples were collected every 10 days to evaluate glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor. Females presented greater fat deposition than did castrated and intact males, regardless of feed restriction (P < 0.0001). Protein body retention (kg) was affected only by feed restriction (P < 0.0001). In females, aspartate aminotransferase activity was greater in those subjected to 50% feed restriction (83.83 ± 4.96 U/L). Regardless of sex, the greatest serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was observed when animals were subjected to 50% feed restriction (P < 0.0149). Plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 was similar in castrated and females, being lower than in intact males. Intact males showed lower plasma T3 concentration than did females (P < 0.05). Females changed their glycolytic metabolism to retain fat deposition even under feed restriction, whereas males mainly changed their protein metabolism to retain protein synthesis, and were less affected by feed restriction.

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