scholarly journals Population validation of reproductive gene mutation loci and association with the litter size in Nubian goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Sanbao Zhang ◽  
Xiaotong Gao ◽  
Yuhang Jiang ◽  
Yujian Shen ◽  
Hongyue Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Component Trait ◽  
Haplotype Blocks ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Candidate Loci ◽  
Molecular Indicators

Abstract. Litter size is an important component trait of doe reproduction. By improving it, production efficiency and economic benefits can be significantly provided. Genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on proven molecular indicators could enhance the efficacy of goat selection, as well as litter size trait. Many molecular markers have been identified that they can be used to improve litter size in different goat breeds. However, the presence and value of these markers vary among goat breeds. In the present study, we used the reported loci on other breeds of goat as candidate loci to detect whether these loci appear in this Nubian goat population; then we proceed to genotype and detect surrounding loci (50 bp) by multiplex PCR and sequencing technology. As a result, 69 mutations (59 SNPs and 10 indels) were screened out from 23 candidate genes in Nubian goat population, 12 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of first-parity individuals; 5 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of second-parity individuals; 3 loci were significantly associated with the litter size of third-parity individuals. In addition, five loci were significantly associated with the average litter size. The additive effect value of KITLG: g.18047318 G>A in first parity, KITLG: g.18152042G>A in third parity, KISS-1: g.1341674 C>G in first parity, and GHR: g.32134187G>A in second parity exceed more than 0.40, and the preponderant alleles are G, C, A and G, respectively. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis of 21 mutation loci shows that 3 haplotype blocks are formed, and the litter size of combination type AACC in KISS-1 gene and AAGG in KITLG gene are significantly lower than that of other combinations genotype in first parity (P<0.05). These findings can provide effective candidate DNA markers for selecting superior individuals in Nubian goat breeding.

scholarly journals Short-term storage of semen samples in acidic extender increases the proportion of females in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo-Jin Park ◽  
Dong-Ha Shin ◽  
Won-Ki Pang ◽  
Do-Yeal Ryu ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Abstract Background Sex preselection is a desired goal of the animal industry to improve production efficiency, depending on industry demand. In the porcine industry, there is a general preference for pork from female and surgically castrated male pigs. Therefore, the birth of more females than males in a litter leads to economic benefits and improved animal welfare in the pig production industry. Our previous study suggested that the porcine semen extender (BTS) adjusted to pH 6.2 maximises the differences in viability between X-chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and Y-chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without affecting sperm’s functional parameters. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether the pH 6.2 extender is applicable at the farm level for increasing the number of female piglets without a decline in spermatozoa fertility. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out with spermatozoa stored at pH 6.2 and pH 7.2 (original BTS) at day 1 and day 2 of storage. Next, the functional parameters of the spermatozoa, litter size, farrowing rate, and female-to-male ratio of offspring were determined. Results Although sperm motility decreased significantly after 2 d of storage, the viability of spermatozoa was preserved at pH 6.2 for 3 d. There was no significant difference in the farrowing rate and average litter size between the group inseminated with the spermatozoa stored in (pH 7.2) and that inseminated with spermatozoa stored in acidic BTS. The percentage of female piglets was approximately 1.5-fold higher in sows inseminated on day 1 in the pH 6.2 than in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, although there was no significant difference in the female-to-male ratio, the percentage of female piglets born was slightly higher in the pH 6.2 group than in the pH 7.2 group on day 2. Conclusions The method optimised in our study is simple, economical, and may enhance the number of female births without any decline in spermatozoa fertility.

scholarly journals Production systems of swine in the rural areas of Rangamati and Khagrachari districts of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
S Chakma ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
MY Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Mean

The study was undertaken for a period of 60 days to investigate the production systems of swine in Rangamati and Khagrachari districts, Bangladesh. Production systems, particularly housing, feeding, breeding, disease prevalence, vaccination, bio-security, marketing, socio-economic condition and constraints of pig production were investigated during the study period. It was found that the propensity of rearing pig differed significantly (P<0.01) among the pig owners. Pigs were reared mostly by poor and landless peoples (54.7%) followed by marginal (32.1%), medium (9.4%) and large (3.8%). Rearing systems were also different (P<0.01) and the mean figures were 43.4% for free range, 24.5% for tin shed housing , 20.8% for fencing and 11.3% for girth tethering systems. The average litter size, birth weight, post-weaning weight and weaning period were 9.3, 1.72 kg, 9.0 kg and 40.8 days respectively. Prevalence of diseases differed (P<0.01) and most prevalent diseases were diarrhea (35.8%), coccidiosis (20.8%), pneumonia (17.0%) and hemorrhagic septicemia (13.2%). The economic benefits generated from farming were selling of piglets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10787Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 28-33

OPTIMAL ANALYSIS OF FARM AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY EQUIPMENT BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-340
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Constraint Equation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Actual Equipment ◽  
Optimal Allocations

With the development of science and technology, the degree of agricultural mechanization is getting higher and higher. Agricultural machinery is an important support for the development of agricultural modernization. Optimizing the allocation of agricultural machinery is conducive to improving agricultural production efficiency and economic benefits. In this paper, mathematical modelling method is mainly used in the analysis and optimization of agricultural machinery configuration. By determining the objective function and constraint equation, combined with the actual situation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the linear programming model and workload model of agricultural machinery and equipment optimization are established. Finally, the actual number of agricultural machinery and equipment and the number of optimal allocations of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps farm were compared. The effectiveness of the optimization model is verified by comparing the optimized agricultural machinery equipment with the actual equipment. The results show that the optimized equipment model has good optimization effect. On the basis of reducing the number of agricultural machinery and equipment, the matching rate of agricultural machinery is improved, and the operation cost of agricultural machinery is effectively reduced. It is hoped that this study can provide certain reference and reference for the optimization analysis of agricultural machinery and equipment based on mathematical modelling.

REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND SEX RATIOS OF SNOWSHOE HARES IN NORTHERN ALBERTA

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. Rowan ◽  
L. B. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Northern Alberta

In conjunction with studies of the "10-year cycle" of snowshoe hares, almost 900 hares were collected in the Anzac district of Alberta during the period May, 1949, to April, 1956. Embryo numbers and sex ratios were among the data gathered from post-mortem examinations of these hares. It was found that the average litter size was 3.82; the modal litter size was four and the range was from one to seven. The average number of litters each season was calculated at 2.75. The annual reproductive potential is thus 10.51 (3.82 × 2.75) young per female hare. This is more than 50% greater than that indicated by comparable data from Minnesota. It is suggested that herein lies the cause of higher peak populations in northern regions. Sex ratios shifted from a marked excess of females in the year 1949–1950 to about even numbers of both sexes during the two subsequent years. Since the change in sex ratio occurred at the peak of the cycle, the two factors are believed to be in some manner correlated.

Development of a Strain of Rabbits with Congenital Simple Nonsyndromic Coronal Suture Synostosis Part I: Breeding Demographics, Inheritance Pattern, and Craniofacial Anomalies

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
H. Losken Wolfgang ◽  
Michael I. Siegel ◽  
Janice F. Lalikos ◽  
Albert Losken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Midfacial Hypoplasia ◽  
Congenital Condition

The lack of an animal model of congenital coronal suture (CS) synostosis has prompted the widespread use of an experimental rabbit model using adhesive Immobilization of the CS. Such postnatal models have helped make significant scientific contributions but may still not fully represent all aspects of the human congenital condition. In the March 1993 issue of The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal we reported a female rabbit born in our laboratory with complete bilateral CS synostosis. This follow-up study presents our attempts to breed this animal and establish a strain of cranlosynostotic rabbits. To date, we have accomplished 10 back- and intercrosses with these animals and have produced a total of 71 live offspring; 10 animals exhibited complete nonsyndromic unilateral (plagiocephalic) or bilateral (brachycephalic) CS synostotic deformities at birth, and 19 animals exhibited partial CS synostosis that showed more than 75% growth retardation across the CS (well below the 95% confidence interval for normals). Results revealed that gestational time and litter size averages were consistent with those reported for the strain, although the average litter size decreased with increased inbreeding. By 1.5 weeks of age the completely synostosed animals already exhibited brachycephalic cranial vaults and midfacial hypoplasia compared to unaffected siblings. Initial pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The development of such a congenital rabbit model may prove useful In helping to understand the etiopathogenesis of this condition In human populations.

Rent-seeking and firm value: Chinese evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihai Li ◽  
Huiying Wu ◽  
Xinfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Government

AbstractWe examine whether engagement in rent-seeking improves firm value in China. Rent-seeking is defined as a firm's use of resources to establish a relationship with the government to obtain government-controlled resources. We incorporate political rents and associated costs into an analytical framework to examine the relationship between rent-seeking and firm value. Using a sample of non-state-owned firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2013, we find evidence of the presence of political rents in the form of government subsidies and evidence of associated costs in the forms of corporate philanthropy and excess management remuneration, which largely explains the insignificant relationship found between rent-seeking and firm value. Our further analysis shows that rent-seeking behavior of firms reduces production efficiency, providing additional evidence to support our thesis that engagement in rent-seeking does not enhance firm value in the Chinese context. In an economy with weak institutions, in particular with weak protection for shareholders, managers and politicians can become rent-seekers and take a considerable share of the economic benefits derived from rent-seeking.

A note on ovulation rate and embryonic survival in D'man ewes

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lahlou-Kassi ◽  
M. Marie
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Embryonic Survival ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Simultaneous Activity

ABSTRACTThe elements of prolificacy have been analysed for the D'man sheep, a prolific Moroccan breed, by laparotomy on 38 animals. The average ovulation rate was 2·50 (s.e.0·45); a slight difference was observed between nulliparous and multiparous ewes due to high simultaneous activity by both ovaries in the latter group. Embryonic survival (42% overall) was 94% (87 to 100%) for multiparous and 44% (36 to 52%) for the nulliparous ewes at one ovulation, decreasing with increasing numbers of corpora lutea. The average litter size showed an optimum at four ovulations.

scholarly journals A New Technology for Smooth Blasting without Detonating Cord for Rock Tunnel Excavation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6764
Author(s):  
Chunde Ma ◽  
Weibin Xie ◽  
Zelin Liu ◽  
Qiyue Li ◽  
Jiaqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
Smooth Blasting

In this paper, the aim is to achieve safe, rapid excavation of an extra-long, large-cross-section highway tunnel in Eastern Tianshan, as well as to reduce production costs, simplify production processes, reduce cycle time, and improve production efficiency. In this study, we explored a new technology for smooth blasting without a detonating cord. A series of sympathetic detonation experiments were conducted in the tunnel face to determine critical distances. The critical distance for No. 2 rock emulsion explosive under blasthole constraints was successfully measured to be approximately 1.0–1.1 m. Based on the critical distance, a new charging structure was designed for tunnel excavation. To assess the influence of the new charging structure on blasting performance, its economic benefits, and its feasibility, full-section tests were performed in the East Tianshan Tunnel. The application of the new charging structure produced good smooth blasting results. It not only simplified the charging process and produced smooth blasting without detonating cord in peripheral holes, but also guaranteed normal excavation, an appropriate tunnel profile, and reasonable overbreak and underbreak volumes. This had remarkable economic benefits and possesses better promotional value.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study for Reproductive Traits in a Duroc Pig Population

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Chen ◽  
Ye ◽  
He ◽  
Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

In the pig industry, reproductive traits constantly influence the production efficiency. To identify markers and candidate genes underlying porcine reproductive traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in a Duroc pig population. In total, 1067 pigs were genotyped using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips, and four reproductive traits, including litter size at birth (LSB), litter weight at birth (LWB), litter size at weaning (LSW), and litter weight at weaning (LWW), were examined. The results showed that 20 potential SNPs reached the level of suggestive significance and were associated with these traits of interest. Several important candidate genes, including TXN2, KCNA1, ENSSSCG00000003546, ZDHHC18, MAP2K6, BICC1, FAM135B, EPHB2, SEMA4D, ST3GAL1, KCTD3, FAM110A, TMEM132D, TBX3, and FAM110A, were identified and might compose the underlying genetic architecture of porcine reproductive traits. These findings help to understand the genetic basis of porcine reproductive traits and provide important information for molecular breeding in pigs.

Development and Application of CAE Automatic System Based-On Tcl/Tk

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Da Yong Jiang ◽  
Huai Wen Zheng ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
Bin Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
Rear Suspension ◽  
Key Factor

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, improving production efficiency has become a key factor to enhance competitiveness. However, during the CAE R&D process, it has a serious impact on the labor costs due to the operation repeatability, that is to say, this work pattern drastically reduces the company's production efficiency and economic benefits, that is why it is very essential to develop the CAE automatic system. In this paper, how to develop the CAE automatic system is discussed in detail firstly, and then through the linear static analysis for a rear suspension to verify the feasibility and value of the CAE automatic system.

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