scholarly journals Personal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 6637-6657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Cathy Liousse ◽  
Benjamin Guinot ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. Urbanization is an issue that is strongly emerging in southern West Africa (sWA). There is a lack of full understanding on chemical compositions and personal exposure levels to fine particulate matter (hereafter defined as PE PM2.5) and its health risks related to various anthropogenic sources in this region. In this study, PE PM2.5 was studied in dry (January) and wet (July) seasons of 2016 for the first time to characterize the contributions of a domestic fire site (DF) to the exposure of women and a waste burning site (WB) to that of students in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, and a motorcycle traffic site (MT) to that of drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7±190.7, 356.9±71.9 and 242.8±67.6 µg m−3 at DF, WB and MT sites for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Elevated PE PM2.5 levels in the dry season were found at DF (358.8±100.5 µg m−3), WB (494.3±15.8 µg m−3) and MT (335.1±72.1 µg m−3) sites, on average 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT sites in the wet season. The seasonal variations were attributed to emission sources, meteorological factors and personal activities. In addition, the results show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were the major components of PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution of heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %) sites, strongly influenced by waste burning emission. This results in the highest non-cancer risks of heavy metals to students, 5.1 and 4.8 times the values for women and drivers, respectively. By conducting organic speciation, fingerprints were used to access the exposure and identify the source contributions from typical local anthropogenic sources. The women's exposure concentration to particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at DF (77.4±47.9 ng m−3) was 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively, that of students at WB (49.9±30.7 ng m−3) and of drivers at MT (37.0±7.4 ng m−3). This can be associated with the higher contributions from solid fuels' burning and meat grilling activities to women, resulting in a level 5 times in exceedance of the cancer risk safety threshold (1×10-6). Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in products, were in high levels in the student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4±335.2 ng m−3), owing to obvious waste burning activities nearby. The drivers' exposures to fossil fuel combustion markers of hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9±7.9 ng m−3) was 3.0–3.3 times those for women at DF (17.1±6.4 ng m−3) and students at WB (15.6±6.1 ng m−3). Overall, the current study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PE PM2.5 and mainly contributed to its toxicities. The exposure to the heavy metals Pb and Mn caused high non-cancer risks to students at WB, while the severe cancer risk of PAHs was found for women at DF via inhalation. The result of this study provides original data, initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in the developing areas. The information encourages the governments to improve the air quality and living standards of residents in this region.

scholarly journals Personal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Cathy Liousse ◽  
Benjamin Guinot ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Waste Burning ◽  
Elevated Exposure

Abstract. Urbanisation is a strongly emerging issue in Southern West African (SWA) region. There is a general lack of understanding about the personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), its chemical components and health risks related to the various anthropogenic sources in this region. In the current study, personal exposure to PM2.5 (PE PM2.5) sampling was for the first time carried out in dry season (January) and wet season (July) of 2016 to characterize PE PM2.5 from Domestic Fires (DF) for women and Waste Burning (WB) for students in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and Motorcycle Traffic (MT) for drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7 ± 190.7, 356.9 ± 71.9 and 242.8 ± 67.6 μg m−3 at DF, WB and MT for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times of the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Mean concentrations of PE PM2.5 at DF (358.8 ± 100.5 μg m−3), WB (494.3 ± 15.8 μg m−3) and MT (335.1 ± 72.1 μg m−3) were much elevated in dry season, 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT. The changes in PE PM2.5 can be attributed to the source emissions, meteorological factors and personal activities. The results also show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were always the major components in PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution to PE PM2.5 from heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %), which was influenced by the waste burning emission strongly, leading to the highest heavy metal non-cancer risks for students (5.1 and 4.8 times of women and drivers' non-cancer risks). In organic species of PE PM2.5, some fingerprints can be used to quantify the exposure concentrations and trace the source contributions from local typical anthropogenic sources to different samples. Women exposure concentration to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 at DF (77.4 ± 47.9 ng m−3) was 1.6 times that for students at WB (49.9 ± 30.7 ng m−3) and 2.1 times for drivers at MT (37.0 ± 7.4 ng m−3), which is related to the solid fuels burning and grilling meat activities, resulting in 5 times higher of cancer risk safety threshold (1 × 10−6) to women. Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in many products, were observed to be extremely high in student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4 ± 335.2 ng m−3) at WB site, owing to the waste burning emission obviously. Drivers exposure to fossil fuel emission (especially traffic) markers-hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9 ± 7.9 ng m−3) was 2.0–2.3 times higher than women at DF (17.1 ± 6.4 g m−3) and students at WB (15.6 ± 6.1 ng m−3), correlating with the elevated exposure to traffic emissions for drivers. Overall, the study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions dominated PE PM2.5 mass and contributed to its toxicities mainly. Heavy metals and organic chemicals in PE PM2.5 in SWA brought about Pb and Mn non-cancer health risks for students at WB site and serious PAHs cancer risks for women at DF site via inhalation pathway. This study provides basic data and initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in underdeveloped area to encourage the government to improve the air quality and living standard of residents in this region.

scholarly journals Related health risk assessment of exposure to arsenic and some heavy metals in gold mines in Banmauk Township, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pokkate Wongsasuluk ◽  
Aung Zaw Tun ◽  
Srilert Chotpantarat ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cancer Risks

AbstractExposure to heavy metals in mining activities is a health issue among miners. This study was carried out at three small-scale gold mining sites situated in Banmauk Township, Myanmar and aims to assess the occupational health risks of small-scale gold miners who are exposed to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in the soil through the dermal route. Soil samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in soils found As, ranged 1.04 mg/kg to 22.17 mg/kg, 0.13 mg/kg to 3.07 mg/kg for Cd, 0.15 mg/kg to 77.44 mg/kg for Hg, and 7.67 mg/kg to 210.00 mg/kg for Pb. In this study, 79% of the participants did not use any form of personal protective equipment (PPE) while working in gold mining processes. Regarding noncancer risk assessment, the results found all hazard quotient were lower than acceptable level (HQ < 1). In addition, all hazard index (HI) was lover than 1, the highest HI was found as 5.66 × 10−1 in the amalgamation process. On the other hand, the result found cancer risk ranged from 8.02 × 10−8 to 1.75 × 10−6, and the estimated cancer risks for 9 years ranged from 4.78 × 10−7 to 1.04 × 10−5. Therefore, the cancer risks of the miners were greater than the United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) acceptable cancer risk level, 1 × 10−6, and the miners may be at risk of developing carcinogenic diseases. The suggestion is to educate miners about the health risks of heavy metals and to encourage the use of proper PPE all the time while working in gold mine.

scholarly journals Health risks of adults in Hong Kong related to inhalation of particle-bound heavy metal(loid)s

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocui Chen ◽  
Tony J. Ward ◽  
Chinmoy Sarkar ◽  
Kin-Fai Ho ◽  
Chris Webster
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Potential Health

AbstractHeterogeneity between ambient and personal exposure to heavy metals has been documented. However, few studies have investigated potential health risks posed by inhalational exposure to airborne heavy metal(loid)s at the individual level. A total of 404 personal fine particles (PM2.5) samples were collected from 61 adult residents (aged 18–63 years) in Hong Kong during 2014–2015. Heavy metal(loid)s were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Among the analyzed heavy metal(loid)s, zinc (Zn) was the most abundant component in personal PM2.5, followed by lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and vanadium (V); cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) were not detectable. Health risks of personal exposure to heavy metal(loid)s via inhalation were assessed for adults, including non-cancer risks that were characterized by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The results indicated that non-cancer risks of heavy metal(loid)s were attributable to Cu, with a 95th HQ value > 1. Arsenic (As) and hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] were also significant contributors to inhalation cancer risks (> 1 × 10−6) for the adult participants. Finally, we employed a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the uncertainty associated with health risk assessment. The mean and median upper-bound lifetime cancer risk associated with inhalation exposure to carcinogenic heavy metal(loid)s exceeded the acceptable level (1 × 10−6) for adults. Traffic emission (including non-tailpipe exhaust), shipping emission, and regional pollution were significant sources of heavy metals. These findings suggest that emission controls targeting local vehicles and vessels should be given priority in Hong Kong.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Health Effect of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Maize Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
L. A. Saulawa ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Moderate Risk

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in maize cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in the cultivated maize in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards and asses the health risks to the local consumers. Samples of cultivated maize were collected in the year 2017 from the selected areas.  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the samples were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The possibility of cancer risks in the samples through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR).  Results from this study have shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Pb the concentration values of Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have also indicated that the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals was lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA in all samples. The risk level of Target Hazard Quotient (THQ < 1) was observed for all the evaluated heavy metals for both adults and children.. The THQ for the samples was in the decreasing order Zn>Pb>Fe>Cr>Cd, for all the samples respectively. All the studied samples showed the hazard index (HI < 1) with highest in the sample from Dabai and lowest in the sample from Funtua. In adults the ILCR for Cd violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) in all the studied samples, while the ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) except for the sample from Kafur which is above the limit (>10−2). In children ILCR for Cd in all samples and Pb for samples from Birchi, Katsina and Malunfashi has reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Dabai, Funtua and Kafur is above the limit (>10−2). The trend of risk for developing cancer as a result of consuming the studied maize samples showed: Kafur> Dabai > Funtua> Malunfashi > Katsina. Cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) in adults of all the studied maize samples reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) except for sample from Kafur which is above the moderate risk limit (>10−2). While the cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) in children of all the studied maize samples is above the moderate risk limit (>10−2) except for sample from Katsina which is within the moderate risk limit (>10−3). Among all the studied samples maize sample from Kafur has the highest chances of cancer risks (ILCR 1.297980 × 10−2 in adults, 1.510018 × 10−2 in children) and sample from Katsina has the lowest chances of cancer risk (ILCR 1.68603093 × 10−3 in adults, 7.775840 × 10−3 in children). The study suggests that consumption of the studied maize samples in Katsina state is of public health concern as they may contribute to the population cancer burden. 

scholarly journals Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Rodrigo ◽  
Guy Jaccard ◽  
Donatien Tafin Djoko ◽  
Alexandra Korneliou ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

Abstract Health risk associated with the use of combustible cigarettes is well characterized and numerous epidemiological studies have been published for many years. Since more than a decade, innovative non-combusted tobacco products have emerged like heated tobacco products (HTP) or electronic cigarettes (EC). Long-term effects of these new products on health remain, however, unknown and there is a need to characterize associated potential health risks. The time dedicated to epidemiological data generation (at least 20 to 40 years for cancer endpoint), though, is not compatible with innovative development. Surrogates need, therefore, to be developed. In this work, non-cancer and cancer risks were estimated in a range of HTP and commercial combustible cigarettes based upon their harmful and potentially harmful constituent yields in aerosols and smoke, respectively. It appears that mean lifetime cancer risk values were decreased by more than one order of magnitude when comparing HTPs and commercial cigarettes, and significantly higher margin of exposure for non-cancer risk was observed for HTPs when compared to commercial cigarettes. The same approach was applied to two commercial ECs. Similar results were also found for this category of products. Despite uncertainties related to the factors used for the calculations and methodological limitations, this approach is valuable to estimate health risks associated to the use of innovative products. Moreover, it acts as predictive tool in absence of long-term epidemiological data. Furthermore, both cancer and non-cancer risks estimated for HTPs and ECs highlight the potential of reduced risk for non-combusted products when compared to cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Environmental and Health Impact of Cement Factory Production in Ibese, Ogun state, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Olayinka O. Olasumbo ◽  
Adedeji O. Hakeem ◽  
Oresanya O. Juwon ◽  
Alabi-Thompson O. Francisca
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction

This study investigated the effect of cement dust emitted from Dangote cement factory, Ibese, Ogun State, Nigeria on the environment and human health. Soil and plant samples were col-lected from six sampling points at different distances i.e. inside the factory kiln (IFK), the factory 300m), based on the prevailing wind direction. Control samples were taken opposite the wind direction at ILA(Ilaro) about 1,000 m. Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni and Cd were analyzed in the samples using atomic ab-sorption spectrophotometer. Air quality and noise levels were monitored using standard me-thods. Sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total suspended particulate matter and noiseconcentrations ranged from 7-25ppm, 0.1-0.2ppm, 101-13,056ugm-3and 72.1-98.2dBrespec-tively,which were higher than USEPA standard. Heavy metals in soils were in the order of: MAR>IFK>AOK>IBE>ILA>TFG for Cu, AOK>MAR>IFK>TFG>ILA>IBE for Zn, IBE>IFK>MAR>AOK>TFG>ILA for Cd, IBE>AOK>MAR>TFG>IFK>ILA for Mn, IBE>AOK> TFG>MAR>ILA>IFK>IBE for Pband MAR>TFG>AOK>IBE>ILA>IFK for Ni. Health-related characteristics of the respondents also showed that 2.5% had allergies that hindered breathing, while 3.75% had difficulty in smelling. Health risk assessment showed that in-gestion is the major pathway of exposure to heavy metals in soil samples for both children andadults. Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb pose non-cancer risks to children, while only Cd and Mn pose non-cancer risks to adults. Ni and Pb pose the greatest cancer risk to children. In cassava leaves andtubers Pb was the only metal found to pose cancer risk in both children and adults.

scholarly journals HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY METALS IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN MEAT VIA CONSUMPTION WITHIN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
G. I. Ogu ◽  
F. I. Akinnibosun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Southern Nigeria

Chicken meat is classed among one of the major sources of animal proteins and still enjoys global acceptance to date without recourse to their heavy metal residues. Hence, this study investigated the heavy metal residues in raw chicken meat and the associated health risk via consumption within major markets in southern Nigeria. A total of 240 raw chicken meat samples (muscle tissues) were purchased randomly from Warri, Akure, Ado-Ekiti and Benin City markets. After ashing, digestion and heavy metals analysis for Pb, Cr, Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn and Cu using standard atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, the target hazard quotient (THQ), health risk index (HI) and daily intake index (non-carcinogenic risk) and incremental cancer risk in children and adults were determined. The mean heavy metals ranged from 0.001 ± 0.001 mg/kg (Cr) to 2.094 ± 0.001 mg/kg (Zn) and varied significantly (P<0.05) with Warri samples (58.9 %) yielding the highest level, followed by Benin City (26.8 %), Ado-Ekiti (10.2 %) and Akure (4.2 %) samples. The non-carcinogenic risks (HR/HI) were substantially low for the metals studied in all the locations except for Cd, which could pose serious health risk among children in Warri location. However, the incremental cancer risk ranged from 10-4 to 10-3 in all the locations, suggesting at least a cancer case per 1,000 exposed people (both in children and adults). Considering the impending public health risks, critical hazards points of heavy metals contaminations along meat production chains should be properly identified to drastically reduce their potential risks to exposed consumers.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment for Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Heavy Metal Exposures from Pepper Fruits Cultivated In Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
S. S. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pepper Sample

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in pepper fruits cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in the cultivated pepper fruits in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of the pepper fruits were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area. Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the samples were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient. The possibility of cancer risks in the samples through intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. Results from this study has shown that with the exception of the mean values for the heavy metal Pb (1.200-1.333 mg/kg), the mean concentration range (mg/kg) values of Fe (0.901-0.967), Zn (0.899-0.911), Mn (0.250-0.287), Cd (0.053-0.0556) in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. With the heavy metals Cr and Ni being below detection level (BDL) The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA in all the samples. Risk level of Target Hazard Quotient (THQ < 1) was observed for all the evaluated heavy metals for both adults and children. The THQ for the samples were in the decreasing order Mn>Zn>Pb>Fe>Cd, for all the pepper fruits respectively. The sequence of risk was the same for both adults and children although the children had higher THQ values in all cases. ILCR for Cd violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb and Cd violated the risk. The sampling area trend of risk for developing cancer as a result of consuming the studied samples showed in decreasing order: Funtua senatorial zone > Daura senatorial zone> Katsina senatorial zone for both adult and children. The Cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) of all the studied pepper fruits reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in adults, while in children it is above the moderate risk limit (>10−2). Among all the studied samples, pepper sample from Funtua senatorial zone has the highest chances of cancer risks (ILCR 6.863273 × 10−3 in adults; ILCR 1.715815 × 10−2 in children) and pepper sample from Katsina senatorial zone has the lowest chances of cancer risk (ILCR 6.260100 × 10−3 in adults; ILCR 1.565025 × 10−2 in children). The study suggests that consumption of the studied pepper fruits in Katsina state is of public health concern as they may contribute to the population cancer burden.

O-077 Cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of children and young adults conceived by assisted reproductive technology in 1983-2012

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Spaan ◽  
M Goddijn ◽  
T Roseboom ◽  
C Lambalk ◽  
F Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Specific Cancer

Abstract Study question Are children conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) at increased cancer risk, compared with the general population and with non-ART conceived offspring from subfertile women? Summary answer Overall cancer risk was not increased in ART-conceived offspring compared with non-ART conceived offspring from subfertile women (median follow-up, 17 years). What is known already There is growing evidence that ART procedures could perturb epigenetic processes during the pre-implantation period. Although the results of most studies are reassuring for children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF), recent studies showed (non-)significantly increased cancer risks after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and frozen embryo transfer (FET). Since the proportion of children born after these techniques increased dramatically over the past decades, it is important from a public health perspective to investigate cancer risk after ICSI and FET in larger studies. Study design, size, duration Data were used from the OMEGA-cohort, a historical nationwide cohort with prospective follow-up in the Netherlands. Offspring of women who were treated in one of the 13 IVF clinics or 2 regional fertility centers between 1983-2012 were included. Of 98,165 live-born children, 53,154 were ART-conceived and 45,211 were non-ART conceived (conceived naturally with or without ovarian hyperstimulation) by subfertile women. Participants/materials, setting, methods Data on type of fertility treatment and maternal risk factors were available from medical records from the mothers and the Dutch Perinatal registry. Cancer incidence was ascertained through linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cancer risk in ART-conceived children was compared with risk in children not conceived by ART from subfertile women (hazard ratios [HRs]) and with children from the general population (standardized incidence ratios [SIRs]). Main results and the role of chance The median age at end of follow-up was 17 years and was shorter in ART-conceived children (16.1 years) compared with non-ART children (19.1 years). In total, 382 cancers were observed, 166 in the ART group and 222 in the non-ART group. In preliminary analyses, overall cancer risk was not increased in ART-conceived children, neither compared with children not conceived by ART from subfertile women (HR:0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-1.22) nor compared with the general population (SIR:0.98, 95% CI = 0.81-1.11). Risks were also not significantly increased in children conceived by ICSI or FET (HR:1.20, 95%CI = 0.85-1.70; 1.25, 95%CI = 0.68-2.43, respectively). From 18 years of age onwards, the HR of cancer in ART-conceived versus non-ART individuals was 1.22 (95%CI = 0.86-1.74). There were no significantly increased site-specific cancer risks in ART-conceived children compared with non-ART children and the general population. Risk of lymphoblastic leukaemia was not increased in the ART group compared with the non-ART group (HR: 1.03, 95% CI = 0.58-1.82). Limitations, reasons for caution Despite the large cohort and long-term follow-up the number of cancer cases was limited which hampered some subgroup analyses, especially for analyses according to specific cancer types and children born after FET. Wider implications of the findings The results from this study importantly contribute to the current knowledge about health risks in ART-offspring. Physicians may inform parents who consider ART about potential health risks for ART-conceived children. Furthermore, pediatric oncologists caring for ART-conceived children/adolescents with cancer need evidence-based information about the association between ART and cancer risk. Trial registration number n.a.

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